Rational evaluation of antimicrobial properties of lactobacilli isolates against some pathogenic microorganisms: a new method comparing the susceptibility of indicator microorganisms
Hadi
Maleki
Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran,
Tehran, Iran; Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
author
Ali
Misaghi
Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran,
Tehran, Iran
author
Mohsen
Amini
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Abbas
Saidi
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of New Technologies and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University-
GC, Tehran, Iran
author
Kambiz
Akbari Noghabi
Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
BACKGROUND: Lactobacilli are known as a valuable sourceof antimicrobial compounds and have a high potential of use infood biopreservation against food related microorganisms.OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial potency of 63 dairy lactobacilliisolates against four highly important food-related microorganismswere evaluated. In addition, a new way in data organization wasintroduced, which led to a more informative and rationalcomparison of indicator microorganisms' susceptibilities to a setof compounds. Correlation of pH and antimicrobial propertieswas investigated. METHODS: Microbroth dilution assay wasused to evaluate indicator microorganisms' susceptibility tolactobacilli CFCS (cell free culture supernatant). Results wereorganized by both the conventional way - demonstrating theminimum inhibitory and lethal concentrations of CFCS - and anew suggested method, representing comparative effectivenessof each CFCS specimen against indicator microorganisms ofcomparison interest. RESULTS: Susceptibilities of tested strainswere in the following order: Escherichia coliO157:H7 > Listeriamonocytogenes > Aspergillus parasiticus> Candida parapsilosis.Despite the high susceptibility of L. monocytogenes, it showedthe highest resistance to death among the tested microorganisms.Eefficiency of Lactobacilli CFCS in killing the tested strainsshowed the following susceptibility order: E. coli O157:H7 > A.parasiticus> C. parapsilosis> L. monocytogenes. Antimicrobialproperty was in correlation with the pH value of CFCS. PH hada pronounced impact on susceptibilities of C. parapsilosisand E.coli in pH values of concentrated CFCS lower than 4 and 4.5,respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Potency of lactobacilli isolates ingrowth inhibition of the indicator microorganisms was foundpromising, and the suggested data organization method providedadditional information, leading to more precise comparison ofindicator microorganisms.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
7
v.
4
no.
2014
243
252
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_36283_23bcc07b98e3e0a33bd4f499c42d65f3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2013.36283
Estimating the rate of transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum to aborted fetuses in seropositive dams in Mashhad area, Iran
Gholamreza
Razmi
Center of Excellence in Ruminant Abortion and Neonatal Mortality, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad,
Iran
author
Hadi
Zarae
Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Mohhammed Foad
Norbakhsh
Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Zahra
Naseri
Center of Excellence in Ruminant Abortion and Neonatal Mortality, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad,
Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
BACKGROUND: Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan protozoa,which causes abortion in cattle worldwide. OBJECTIVES:The present study was designed to estimate the rate oftransplacental transmission of N.caninum to aborted fetuses inseropositive dams in dairy farms in Mashhad area, Iran.METHODS: Two hundred blood samples of dam with abortedbovine fetuses were collected from dairy farms from 2008 to2010. First , the maternal sera in each aborted case were tested byusing ELISA method, and then the brain samples of abortedfetuses were examined for detecting DNA of N. caninum, usingthe PCR method. RESULTS: In this study, 38 (19%) of dams' serashowed seropositive reaction against N.caninum infection, andalso 23 (10.5%) aborted brain fetuses showed positive reactionby PCR. A significant association was observed betweenN.caninum-serapositie dams and infected aborted fetuses(p<0.0001). In the present study, 20 (86%) infected fetuses wereaborted from seropositive, and 3 (13%) of the fetuses wereaborted from seronegative dams. CONCLUSIONS: Based on theresults of molecular and serology examination, the rate oftransplacental transmission of N. caninum infection in dairycattle were calculated as 52%.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
7
v.
4
no.
2014
253
256
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_36284_981392975a588a91f4a6f7ad175cb3d3.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2013.36284
PCR-based detection of cow and goat milk in sheep milk and dairy products marketed in Mashhad city of Iran
Saeed
Khanzadi
Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of
Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Abdollah
Jamshidi
Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of
Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
Jamshid
Razmyar
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad,
Iran
author
Mohammad
Mohsenzadeh
Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of
Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
BACKGROUND: The extensive consumption of milk anddairy products makes these foodstuffs targets for potentialadulteration with financial gains for unscrupulous producers.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was using PCR assay todetect cow milk in labeled sheep milk, sheep yoghurt, andLighvan cheese (a traditional ripened cheese produced fromsheep's milk). METHODS: The assay utilized primers targetingthe mitochondrial 12s and 16s rRNA gene. In this study, 35samples of sheep milk, 35 samples of sheep yoghurt, and 35samples of Lighvan cheese were purchased from differentsupermarkets in Mashhad city with different batch numbers.RESULTS: The results showed only 21 out of 105 (20%) samplescontained pure sheep milk. Undeclared presence of cow and goatmilk was detected in 33(31.5%) and 68(65%) of the 105 samples,respectively. CONCLUSIONS: It seems the PCR based analyticalmethod is an applicable technique to monitor adulteration indairy products.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
7
v.
4
no.
2014
257
262
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_36285_589aea189b23aa9da1a10c12781956a9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2013.36285
Abioequivalence study on two closantel oral suspensions in sheep: an Iranian product (fascinil®) versus flukiver® as a reference product
Ali
Rasooli
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Hoseinali
Arab
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Yashar
Ghezelloo
Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran
author
Gholam Reza
Shams
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
BACKGROUND: Closantel is a broad-spectrum antiparasiticagent and is widely used for the control of Fasciola spp. andHaemonchus spp. infestations in sheep and cattle. OBJECTIVES:The present study was carried out to evaluate the bioequivalenceof a domestic closantel formulation, Fascinil® (DamloranPharmaceutical Co., Iran), in comparison with Flukiver®(Janssen pharmaceutical Co., Belgium) in sheep. METHODS: Ina parallel design, twenty-eight male sheep, 4- 5 months of age,were randomly divided into two groups. First group received asingle dose of Fascinil® oral suspension as a test product at 10mg/kg BW, and the second group received Flukiver® as areference product with the same dose. Blood samples were takenon 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 48, and 72 hours after drugadministration, and the plasma concentrations of closantel weredetermined using a high performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) method. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed; inaddition, the areas under the plasma concentration-time curvesat 0-72h (AUC0-72), maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax),and times to reach Cmax (Tmax) of the closantel in test andreference groups were compared. RESULTS: There were nosignificant differences in the AUC0-72 (2913.00±648.18,2957.88± 623.41 μg.h/mL), Cmax (62.22±7.74, 71.71±13.03μg/mL), and Tmax (23.38±4.27, 23.23±4.28h) between Fascinil®and Flukiver®, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals fortest: reference ratios of these pharmacokinetic (PK) parameterswere within bioequivalence acceptable range (80-120%).CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the test product (Fascinil®)and Flukiver® are bioequivalent, and they can be used asinterchangeable anthelmintic drugs.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
7
v.
4
no.
2014
263
269
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_36286_04e07b52a2958c4e20773f55e2576c6c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2013.36286
Experimental reconstruction of teat cutaneous wound by ear skin graft in dairy cattle
Mohammad Mahdi
Molaei
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman,
Kerman, Iran
author
Samaneh
Ebrahimi
Graduated from The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
BACKGROUND: Teat lacerations are serious injuries thatendanger the survival of a cow within the herd. In excessivelacerations, the wound should be left to heal by second intentionhealing process. However, tissue contraction during healing canchange the alignment of the teat, creating problems for machinemilking. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was toevaluate the transplantation of the full-thickness free skin graftin excessive teat lacerations. METHODS: Four healthy, nonpregnant,mixed Holstein-Friesian dairy cows with normal teatswere used in the study. Under local anesthesia, a rectangular fullthickness excision (2 Cm×2 Cm) was made on the lateral surfaceof the proximal part of the right and left fore teats of each cow,and simultaneously a rectangular full-thickness free skin graft(1.5 Cm×1.5 Cm) was harvested from the inner surface of the leftpinna. The graft was then meshed and transplanted to the left teatdefect. During a three-week study, the wound healing wasevaluated clinically and at the end of the study, histopathologicsamples (H &E staining) were taken from both wounds.RESULTS: The results of this study demonstrated that in nongraftedwounds, severe wound contraction caused a deformity innormal anatomical structure of the teats. However, in graftedwounds successful graft take was recorded in all wounds, and theteats restored their functional and anatomical structure withsatisfactory cosmetic appearance. CONCLUSIONS:According tothe result of present study, it can be concluded that using fullthicknessfree mesh skin graft can be considered a suitablemethod for treatment of excessive teat lacerations.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
7
v.
4
no.
2014
271
276
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_36287_af9950b2ea8fc1d9d89a007f66119e2e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2013.36287
The effects of fasting on some biochemical factors of liver, serum and clinical signs in cattle
Sareh
Rezaei
Graduated from The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Mohamad Rahim
Haji Hajilolaei
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Ali
Shahriary
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Alireza
Ghadiri
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Mohammad
Nouri
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
BACKGROUND: Fasting is an alternative method to induceanorexia. OBJECTIVES: The biochemical factors of liver andserum and clinical signs were measured and documented in fivenon-lactating, non-pregnant cows following eight days of fasting.METHODS:Five crossbred, non-lactating, and non-pregnantcattle were used in this study. They were fasted for 8 days_ totalfood deprivation; however, they had free access to water. Liverbiopsies were carried out one day before food deprivation (day0) and 8 days after food deprivation by ultrasound-guidedbiopsy. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein beforeand during fasting. The concentrations of triglyceride (TG), totallipids, glycogen, phospholipids, and total protein in liver andNEFA, BHBA, TG, total cholesterol, glucose, total lipid, APOA1, and APO B in blood serum were measured and compared.RESULTS: The results of this study showed that fasting for 8 daysreduces respiratory rate by 52% and heart rate by 12.5% and hasno significant effect on rectal temperature. The concentrations ofthe liver triglyceride (TG) and glycogen significantly increased(p=0.046) and decreased (p=0.007) on day 8, respectively. Therewere no significant differences in the content of liverphospholipids (p=0.83), total lipids (p=0.29), and total protein(p=0.23). The serum concentrations of NEFA and BHBAincreased significantly (p=0.008) at the end of fasting period. Nosignificant differences in the concentrations of serum TG(p=0.057), total cholesterol (p=0.93), glucose (p=0.108), totallipid (p=0.27), APO A1 (p=0.762), and APO B (p=0.92) werenoticed on days 0 and 8. CONCLUSIONS: The results of thepresent study showed that fasting, like anorexia (as a result ofdiseases), induces fat mobilization from adipose tissue inresponse to the induced negative energy balance.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
7
v.
4
no.
2014
277
285
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_36288_e359378a0c6cfe01758e31c9fdc9ae0f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2013.36288
Detection of gene expression and sequence analysis of chicken class II trans activator (CIITA)
Mohammad
Khosravi
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran,
Iran
author
Gholamraza
Nikbakhat
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran,
Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
BACKGROUND:Class II transactivator (CIITA) is a dominanttranscriptional element, controlling numerous genes in theimmune system. CIITA is expressed in a constitutive pattern inantigen presenting cells although its expression can occur inother cell types. Since the revelation of CIITA, there have beenconsiderable advances toward understanding its role as anactivator of MHC II genes in humans and mice; nonetheless,there is a lack of published data for this gene in other animals suchas chickens. OBJECTIVES: The goals of this study were todetermine the expression of class II transactivator (CIITA) inchicken and analysis of the CIITA gene sequence between fourIranian indigenous chicken ecotypes. METHODS:After securingthe research accuracy and optimization of reaction conditions,cDNA and DNA samples of gene were obtained from fourIranian indigenous chicken ecotypes. The PCR and RT-PCRproducts were sequenced and the data were analyzed bybioinformatics software. RESULTS: Comparison of thesequencing results with the reference sequence of the red junglefowl revealed that these sequences belonged to the predictedCIITA gene. There was a high conservation rate in the sequenceof CIITA. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that like otherspecies, CIITA is transcripted in chickens' immune system cells.Further studies on chickens must be done to reveal CIITAroles inimmune responses of chickens.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
7
v.
4
no.
2014
287
292
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_36289_d33a8c23566be83eeefb5ce27deafe2c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2013.36289
Quality of raw milk in Kerman province
Ladan
Mansouri- najand
Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of
Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
Hamid
Sharifi
Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of
Kerman, Kerman, Iran; Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical
Sciences, Kerman, Iran
author
Zeinab
Rezaii
Graduated from The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
BACKGROUND: Microbiological and chemical qualities ofmilk are among the most important issues in public health.OBJECTIVES:Although there are a few published studies whichhave been conducted in south east of Iran this study wasperformed to investigate quality of raw milk delivered to a dairyindustry company Kerman Province. METHODS:Atotal of 109raw milk samples were collected at the time of delivering to thecompany. All the samples were transferred to the food lab ofVeterinary School for total counting and psychotropic andStaphylococcus aureus counting. The chemical contents,residues of microbial inhibitors and Beta Lactam antibioticsresidues were evaluated by Lactostar, Copan kit and Beta startest, respectively, and somatic cells were counted by a cellcounter. RESULTS: Based on the comparison with nationalstandard criteria, only 26 out of 109 samples (23.8; 95% CI: 16.2-33.0) were at standard limits in terms of all the factors. Alargenumber of out-of-standard sample (50 out of 83), were in contrastwith the defined criterion due to low protein. CONCLUSIONS:Classification of the samples based on all the defined criteriawithout considering protein content showed that the mainproblem of the milk was its low protein percent.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
7
v.
4
no.
2014
293
297
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_36290_123447e7cd55c08e88b0ab219e116fd2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2013.36290
An investigation of the effects of using an enzyme-probiotic combination on broilers performance
Saeed
Seifi
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern
Technologies, Amol, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
BACKGROUND: Growth promoters are chemical and biologicalsubstances that are added to livestock food with the aimto improve the growth of chickens in fattening and the utilizationof food, and in this way achieve better production and financialresults. OBJECTIVES:An experiment was conducted to evaluatethe effects of enzyme complex, probiotic, and their combinationon performance of broilers fed a basal wheat-barley-soybeanmeal diet from 1 to 47 d of age. METHODS:Atotal of 480-dayoldmale broiler chicks (Arbor Acres) were randomly assigned to6 treatments, with 4 replicate cages per treatment and 20 birds percage. The experiment consisted of a 3×2 factorial arrangementof the treatments, with 3 concentrations of enzyme complex (0,half of the commercial suggested level or commercial suggestedlevel) and 2 concentrations of probiotic (0 and suggested level).RESULTS: Results showed that the suggested level of enzymecomplex could improve body weight and feed conversion ratio(p<0.05), but addition of probiotic only decreased the feedconversion ratio (p<0.05). There was no interaction betweenenzyme complex and probiotic on performance (p>0.05).Probiotic supplementation did not improve the efficacy ofenzyme complex at any levels. The examination of length andrelative weight of different regions of intestine showed that onlyenzyme complex could decrease the relative weight of duodenumand length of jejunum; however, there was no interactionbetween treatments for these parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Thisresearch did not demonstrate any interaction effect betweenenzyme complex and probiotic on broilers performance fedwheat-barley-soybean meal diet.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
7
v.
4
no.
2014
299
304
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_36291_4aa114577b17d3f07e14cd613454bd32.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2013.36291
Rupture of chorda tendineae of the tricuspid valve in a horse: a case report
Ehsan
Torki
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Mohammad Reza
Mokhber Dezfouli
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Mehdi
Rasekh
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Javad
Abbasi
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Ali
Mirshahi
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad,
Iran
author
Saeedeh
Janitabar Darzi
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2014
eng
A2-year-old cachectic cross-breed gelding was admitted toVeterinary Teaching Hospital of University of Tehran followingthe onset of a marked respiratory distress, coughing and ventraledema. Clinical examinations indicated harsh respiratory andexpiratory sounds as well as jugular vein distention. Therespiratory and heart rates were 35/min and 60 bpm, respectively.Agrade III/IV pansystolic murmur with the PMI on the tricuspidvalve, which could be heard on the left side, was detected. Sinustachycardia was revealed by electrocardiography. Rupture of thechorda tendineae of the tricuspid valve, pulmonary arteryregurgitation, pulmonary artery hypertension, tricuspid valveregurgitation, pulmonary artery, and right ventricular dilationwere also found in echocardiography. These findings wereconfirmed at post mortem examinations. On the basis of thefindings, chorda tendineae rapture of the tricuspid valve andright side heart failure due to primary pulmonary hypertensionwere diagnosed.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
7
v.
4
no.
2014
305
309
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_36292_544ef98d1877c3e1e0d464d2816fd2e7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2013.36292