Molecular characterization of recent Iranian infectious bronchitis virus isolates based on S2 protein gene
Kamran
Nazemi
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN.
author
Arash
Ghalyanchi Langeroudi
Department of Microbiology and immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran - IRAN
author
Masoud
Hashemzadeh
Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, IRAN.
author
Vahid
Karimi
Department of Avian Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN.
author
Waleed
Seger
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN.
author
Mohammad Reza
Ehsan
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Background: Avian infectious bronchitis (IB), with avianinfectious bronchitis virus (IBV) as the causing agent, is a ubiquitous endemicdisease of the chicken with devastating effects on its industry. A viralmembrane surface protein called S notonly induces neutralizing antibodies but also plays an important role in virusbinding and entry to host cells. Technically, S1 protein gene sequencing alsohelps greatly in IBV genotyping. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study wasto characterize Iranian IBV based on S2 gene. METHODS: After RT-PCRamplification, the S2 gene of nine Iranian IBV isolates were sequenced and thencompared with reference strains. RESULTS: The isolates were classifiedinto genotype I as Massachusetts like IB Vs, genotype VII which clustered intotwo branches, VIIa (IS-1494 like IB viruses), and VIIb, and was related to QX-like viruses and Genotype VIII as 793/B like IBVs. CONCLUSIONS: As faras we know, this is the first S2-based classification study on Iranian IBVisolates providing a firm experimental basis to correlate with genotypiccharacterization
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
10
v.
4
no.
2016
245
252
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59716_e2dbadcdc9b2b79a1ead717a12002201.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2016.59716
Molecular evaluation of M2 protein of Iranian avian influenza viruses of H9N2 subtype in order to find mutations of adamantane drug resistance
Mohammad
Malekan
1Department of Avian Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Mehdi
VasfiMarandi
Department of Avian Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
abas
Barin
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Talat
Mokhtari azad
Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
author
Mohammad Mehdi
Ranjbar
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Mohsen
Bashashati
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Background: The H9N2 subtype of influenza A viruses is considered to be widespread in poultry industry. Adamantane is a group of antiviral agents which is effective both in prevention and treatment of influenza A virus infections. These drugs inhibit M2 protein ion channel which has role on viral replication. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study is to evaluate M gene of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of H9N2 subtype in order to find adamantane drug resistance mutations. METHODS: Over 100 suspected samples were collected from different geographical regions of Iran during 2012-2013. Samples were injected via allantoic sac of 9-11 day-old chicken embryos. A total of 11 out of 100 were AIV. The H9N2 subtype was confirmed by specific RT-PCR. The RT-PCR was conducted for full length M gene. PCR amplified products were purified and then conducted for commercial direct sequencing. Finally, sequences were checked for possible sites of adamantane resistance mutations. RESULTS: Overall, 8 out of 11 viruses harbored the adamantane resistance-associated mutations. Of which, four viruses were isolated in 2013 and four viruses in 2012. Two different resistance-associated mutations were observed during different years. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provided clear evidence concerning resistance AIVs of H9N2 subtype that were circulating in Iranian poultry sector. This concern is always present as M segment might be introduced into human influenza viruses by reassortment phenomenon.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
10
v.
4
no.
2016
253
262
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59718_477cd11643431e68f0e86c4bfeab6a20.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2016.59718
Antimicrobial activity of Zatacin against bacterial diarrheal pathogens
Mohaddese
Mahboubi
Department of Microbiology, Biology Center, Medicinal Plant Center of Barij, Km. 5 Mashhad-Ardehal, 87135-1187 Kashan, Iran
author
Tahereh
Falsafi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran.
author
Majid
Torabi Goodarzi
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute (Central Area branch), Arak, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Background: Calf diarrhea is an important disease that is caused by different pathogens including bacteria, virus and parasites and is associated with economic losses. Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activities of Zatacin (Z. multiflora aerial part ethanol extract), colistin, co-Trimoxazole and enrofloxacin against clinical isolates of Salmonella sp, E. coli and Campylobacter sp isolated from diarrheic calves. Methods: Disc diffusion method and microbroth dilution assay were used for antimicrobial evaluation. Results: In disc diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of Zatacin increased dose dependently. The sensitivity of different isolates of E. coli, Salmonella sp and Campylobacter sp to Zatacin was almost the same. The antibacterial activity of Zatacin was lower than that of enrofloxacin but it was higher than co-Trimoxazole and colistin. The means of MIC values of Zatacin for E.coli were higher than that of Campylobacter sp and Salmonella sp but its means of MBC values for E. coli were lower than that of two other bacteria. Conclusions: Zatacin can be used as an antimicrobial agent in treatment of infectious causes of calf scours instead of antibiotics with undesired adverse effects on animal and humans.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
10
v.
4
no.
2016
263
268
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59720_8d530b3ff5104dd4e91095d5e472a8a0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2016.59720
Changes in electrocardiographic, hematologic and biochemical indices of Markhoz goat breed in experimental hypocalcemia
Shahin
Fakour
Department of clinical sciences,Faculty of veterinary medicine ,Branch Sanandaj Islamic Azad university
author
payam
Hajizadeh
Graduated of faculty of veterinary medicne , Branch sanandaj Islamic Azad University
author
text
article
2016
eng
Background: Milk fever in cattle, sheep and goats occurs around the time of parturition and is caused by hypocalcemia. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological effects of experimental hypocalcemia on electrocardiography, hematology and serum biochemical changes in Markhoz goat breed. METHODS: Ethylene diamine tetra- acetate solution 4.6% was intravenously infused to 5 healthy goats (experimental group) and 5 healthy goats received 0.9% saline solution (IV) as control group. In both groups, electrocardiogram was recorded in base apex lead and serum was collected before and after infusion. Electrocardiography, biochemical and hematologic parameters were measured. Clinical signs of hypocalcaemia were caused by EDTA infusion. RESULTS: The results in experimental group showed a significant decrease in calcium, lactate dehydrogenase, potassium, and increase in glucose concentration, (p<0.05).The white blood cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils decreased significantly (p<0.05). Magnesium concentration, creatine phosphokinase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, phosphorus, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, Mean cell volume, Mean cell hemoglobin did not show significant change (p>0.05), heart rate change, presence of arrhythmias and its type were significant (p<0.05). But, QRS pattern, T shape, P, QRS and T amplitude, S-T and Q-T interval waves had no significant change (p>0.05). No significant change was seen in control group. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that evaluating some biochemical, enzymatic, hematological and electrocardiography changes can be helpful in the diagnosis of hypocalcemia.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
10
v.
4
no.
2016
269
276
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59727_53e09719bd2762fb54068ee757b4c450.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2016.59727
Circulating metabolic hormones in different metabolic states of high producing Holstein dairy cows
Ali Asghar
Chalmeh
D.V.M; Ph.D; Assistant Professor of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Division of Large Animal Internal Medicine; Department of Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Shiraz University; Shiraz; Iran
author
Ali
Hajimohammadi
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Background: Information regarding the metabolic hormones in different metabolic states of high producing dairy cows can aid high producing herds to manage and resolve the metabolic and production problems. Furthermore, it can be considered as a tool to evaluate metabolic status of dairy cows. Herd managers can also evaluate the energy input-output relationships by assessing the metabolic profile to prevent and control negative energy balance, metabolic disorders and nutritional insufficiencies. OBJECTIVES: The present study was performed to clarify the metabolic hormone profile in each metabolic state of high producing Holstein dairy cows. The results of this research can reveal the normal metabolic state of these animals. METHODS: 25 multiparous Holstein dairy cows were divided to 5 equal groups containing early, mid and late lactations, far-off and close-up dry periods. Blood samples were collected from all cows and sera were analyzed for concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free T3 (fT3), free T4 (fT4), cortisol and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). RESULTS: Serum T3 concentration in early lactation group was significantly higher than other ones (p<0.05). T4 levels in early and mid lactation dairy cows were lower than other studied groups, significantly. The cows in early lactation and close-up dry periods had the highest and the lowest serum fT3 concentrations, respectively (p<0.05). fT4 in far-off dry cows was significantly higher than others. The highest and the lowest circulating levels of cortisol were detected in mid and late lactation periods, respectively (p<0.05). The lowest concentrations of IGF1 were detected in early lactation period and its highest levels were seen in mid and late lactation and far-off dry cows (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic hormones change in different metabolic states of high producing Holstein dairy cows. The presented metabolic hormone profile can be considered as criteria to monitor the metabolic status of dairy cows at different metabolic states.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
10
v.
4
no.
2016
277
284
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59721_ab1688889c636f344f3e0ed78e0923dc.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2016.59721
Tissue distribution of artemisinin in broiler chickens following single or multiple oral administration
Saied
Habibian Dehkordi
Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University
author
Hossein Ali
Arab
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran
author
Motahareh
Esmaeili
Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University
author
Jahangir
Kabutari
Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University
author
Amir Ali
Shahbazfar
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz
author
text
article
2016
eng
Background: Artemisinin is commonly used for the treatment of malaria, but recently has been considered as a potential substance to control poultry coccidiosis. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to determine the tissue distribution of artemisinin following single or multiple oral administration of different doses in broiler chickens. METHODS: A total number of 390 one day old Ross broiler chicks were divided randomly into two main groups, in the first group 0, 1, 5, 25, 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg artemisinin as a single oral dose was administered on day 44, but the second group were treated with 0, 17, 34, 68 or 136 ppm artemisinin from day 8 to day 44. The HPLC system was used to determine the level of artemisinin in different tissue samples. Data were assessed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey’s test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Maximum concentrations of artemisinin were found in the liver of chickens in both groups in a dose dependent manner. While, the minimum level was determined in the brain and the kidney of chickens received multiple artemisinin administration; in the spleen of those chickens a single oral dose was administered. The concentration of artemisinin in the brain reached a plateau at 68 ppm in multiple administration and 125mg/kg at single dose, no shift was found with dose increment. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that tissue accumulation of artemisinin is time and dose dependent. Moreover, redistribution, saturation effect and tissue selectivity were also observed.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
10
v.
4
no.
2016
285
294
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59724_447554246dff069487f3ff223d0fa3ea.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2016.59724
Preparation and evaluation of a thermosensitive liposomal hydrogel for sustained delivery of danofloxacin using mesoporous silica nanoparticles
Katayoun
Kiani
PhD student, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
author
Ali
Rassouli
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Yalda
Hosseinzadeh Ardakani
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Hamid
Akbari Javar
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Sakineh
Khanamani Falahatipour
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Pegah
Khosraviyan
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Taghi
Zahraee Salehi
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Background: Sustained release delivery system can reduce the dosage frequency and maintain the therapeutic level of drugs for a longer time. Biodegradable, biocompatible and thermosensitive chitosan-beta-glycerophosphate (C-GP) solutions can solidify at body temperature and maintain their physical integrity for a longer duration. OBJECTIVES: To develop a novel delivery system based on the integration of liposomes in hydrogel using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for sustained release of danofloxacin in farm animals. METHODS: The MSNs were prepared using N-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and tetraethylortho silica. The liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration method. C-GP solution containing danofloxacin-loaded MSN liposomes underwent different in-vitro tests, including evaluation of the entrapment efficiency, gelation time, morphology, drug release pattern as well as antimicrobial activities against S. aureus and E. coli. RESULTS: The mean pore size of MSNs was 2.8 nm and the mean MSN entrapment efficiency was 45%. Kinetics of danofloxacin release from liposomal hydrogel followed the Higuchi’s model. This formulation was capable of sustaining the danofloxacin release for more than 96 h. The FTIR studies showed that there were no interactions between danofloxacin and hydrogel excipients. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the formed gel had a continuous texture, while the swelled gel in the phosphate buffer had a porous structure. Microbiological tests revealed a high antibacterial activity for lipomosal hydrogel of danofloxacin-loaded MSN comparable with danofloxacin solution. CONCLUSIONS: The liposomal hydrogel solidified at body temperature, effectively sustained the release of danofloxacin and showed in vitro antibacterial effects.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
10
v.
4
no.
2016
295
306
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59731_8d45fdd04f57184aaef29a17062328bb.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2016.59731
Effect of Lipia Citridora leaves powder on growth performance, carcass traits, blood metabolites and meat quality of broilers
Marziyeh
Mehrparvar
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
author
Mozhgan
Mazhari
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
author
Omidali
Esmaeilipour
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
author
Masoud
Sami
Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Background: Since the prohibition of antibiotic growth promoter in poultry ration by the European Union, poultry producers have been trying to replace them by other growth promoters like medicinal herbs. Lipia citridora is a medicinal herb enriched by several powerful phenolic compounds and with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties which lead to enhancing appetite and growth performance of broiler. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Lipia citridora leaves powder (LCLP) on growth performance, carcass traits, blood metabolites, and meat quality of broilers. METHODS: The experiment was carried out with 160 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens in a completely randomized design. The chicks were allocated to four diets including basal diet and treatment diets which were supplemented with 3 levels of LCLP (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0% of diet) in 16-floor pens with 10 chickens each. At the end of the experiment, 2 chicks/pen were selected and the assigned parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: All levels of LCLP improved (p<0.01) feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in all periods except for starter phase. Also, 1% LCLP improved FI (1.49%), BWG (4.20%) and FCR (2.59%) compared to control group during the whole period. Birds fed herbal additive had a significantly higher relative weight of carcass, breast, bursa of fabricius and spleen in 1% LCLP group compared with the control group. Addition of 1% of LCLP decreased (p<0.05) LDL (15.85%), cholesterol (8.73%), triglyceride (8.82%), and increased (p<0.01) white blood cells (8.04). Meat quality enhanced via an intense reduction (p<0.01) in thiobarbituric acid (50.15%) and cooking loss (14.16%). CONCLUSIONS: Our finding showed that the highest level of LCLP in this study (1%) performed the best as improved growth performance, ameliorated serum lipids, increased white blood cells and enhanced the meat quality.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
10
v.
4
no.
2016
307
318
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59728_d3c7ebaed7bf6b94950629b62b22eb2c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2016.59728
Acute toxicity evaluation of five herbicides: paraquat, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), trifluralin, glyphosite and atrazine in Luciobarbus esocinus fingerlings
mojtaba
alishahi
Associated Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Zahra
Tulaby Dezfuly
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid
Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Takavar
Mohammadian
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid
Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
text
article
2016
eng
Background: Evaluation of herbicide pollution in aquatic environments needs the great concern and the most important echo-pollutant effects of herbicides are related to their effects on non target aquatic organisms. Native fish can serve as a proper bio-indicator for evaluation of pollution on aquatic ecosystems. OBJECTIVES: To find environmentally friendly herbicides, in this study the acute toxicity of five widely used herbicides in Iran as aquatic ecosystems pollutants on Luciobarbus esocinus were investigated. METHODS: Acute toxicity (96 h LC50) of five herbicides (Paraquat, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, Trifluralin, Glyphosite and Atrazine) were determined via OECD standard method. L.esocinus exposed to Serial concentrations (more than 6 in triplicates) of each herbicide. Mortalities at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after exposure were recorded and the LC50 were calculated using Probit software. RESULTS: Results showed that acute toxicity of these herbicides are significantly different in L. esocinus. The 96 h LC50 of Paraquat, 2,4-D, Trifluralin, Glyphosite and Atarzine in L.esocinus were 54.66, 138.8, 1.09, 716.83 and 44.30 mg/l respectively. Glyphosite showed lowest toxicity in Luciobarbus esocinus among the five herbicids. The highest toxicity of herbicides in L. esocinus belongs to Trifluralin. The mortality rate of exposed fish to herbicides enhanced either by increasing herbicides concentration or duration of exposure. Mortality patterns during 96 hours of toxicity evaluation were similar in all five herbicides. CONCLUSIONS: Regarding the high application and similar efficacy of herbicides in most of the cane farms of Khouzestan province, and based on different toxicities of these five herbicides for fish as a non targeting organism, Glyphosite is highly recommendable as a proper alternative to Trifluralin, Atrazine, Paraquat and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
10
v.
4
no.
2016
319
330
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59726_80b0fe3aac41710fef99b43920cb225a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2016.59726
Metastatic cutaneous neuro- myofibroblastic sarcoma induced by avian leukosis virus subgroup J in a rooster (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Hassan
Norouzian
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University
author
Omid
Dezfoulian
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University
author
Hossein
Hosseini
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj
author
text
article
2016
eng
An adult native cock (Gallus gallus domesticus) referred to the aviary clinic with multiple different sizes of round dermal nodules. The bird died few days later, and was then submitted for further evaluation. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations as well as a PCR test were done to identify type and cause of the tumor. In histopathological assessment of biopsy specimen, it consisted of interlacing bundles of fibroblasts that orientated in different directions with plump or elongated spindle shaped nuclei and fairly abundant cytoplasm. At necropsy several large white nodules were implanted in lung and liver. Microscopically the proliferated fibroblastic cells were invaded to both organs, and were similar to those described for skin lesion. The tumor cells had immunoreaction for alpha smooth muscle actin, vimentin and S100 protein, whereas they were negative for desmin and pancytokeratin, suggesting a diagnosis of metastatic neuro-myofibroblastic sarcoma. A PCR test specific for avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) confirmed the presence of that virus in tumor specimens. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed a relatively low similarity in the LTR segment (90%) of the studied virus with other ALV-J strains. It might be the first report of cutaneous neuro-myofibroblastic sarcoma, potentiated to metastasis to other organs induced by ALV-J.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
10
v.
4
no.
2016
331
340
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59725_b6352aee027c095568375746b8749555.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2016.59725