Effect of Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extract (EGb 761) on Changes in Haematological Parameters and Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility in Hypotonic and Chlorpyrifos Exposed Rats
Sani
Abdulrazak
1Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1069, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria.
2Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1069, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria.
author
Adulmumin Abdulkabir
Nuhu
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1069, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria.
author
Zakka
Yashim
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1069, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria.
author
text
article
2019
eng
BACKGROUND: Canine low-dose sepsis model provides a reliable setting to study innovative drugs. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a major constituent of bacterial outer membrane, have been demonstrated to play a critical role in the initiation of pathogenesis. Lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis has been extensively studied in laboratory animals; but its importance has mainly remained unknown in dogs. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present survey was to examine the effectiveness of quercetin, along with hydrocortisone on clinical and hematological alterations, and organ failure (liver and heart) in low-dose lipopolysaccharide-induced canine sepsis model. METHODS: For this purpose, fifteen clinically healthy mixed dogs were randomly divided into three equal groups. Lipopolysaccharide (0.1 μg/kg, IV) was injected to dogs in group A (control). Group B was similar to group A, but quercetin bolus (2 mg/kg, IV, once) was injected 40 minutes after LPS injection. Group C was similar to group B; however, hydrocortisone bolus (2 mg/kg, IV, once) was administered instead of quercetin. Serum levels of glucose, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase isoenzyme muscle/brain (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cardiac troponin I (cTn-I) concentration were measured by commercial kits. RESULTS: In control group, red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (HCT) significantly decreased and serum activities of AST, ALP, LDH, CK-MB, and plasma cTn-I significantly increased (p <0.05). RBCs, Hb, and HCT significantly increased in quercetin group, compared with hydrocortisone and control groups (p <0.05). Quercetin group significantly decreased LDH, CK-MB, and cTn-I compared with hydrocortisone and control groups (p <0.05). Quercetin significantly decreased AST in comparison to control group and ALP in comparison to hydrocortisone group, also (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that quercetin protects RBCs in the early stages of sepsis and decreases organs dysfunction (heart and liver), therefore it has a positive influence on sepsis and may be more effective than routine corticosteroid (hydrocortisone) therapy.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
13
v.
4
no.
2019
332
341
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_73999_a0528a9048bdccf39589a2a9abe95995.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2019.279519.1004980
Minced Calf Lung Surfactant Extract Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Release IFN-γ and TGF-β: A Regulation Response for Lung
Zohre
Eftekhari
Quality Control Department, Research and Production Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran-Iran
author
Mohammd Reza
Mokhber Dezfouli
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran-Iran
Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Babak
Beikzadeh
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran-Iran.
Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran Organization, Tehran, Iran.
author
text
article
2019
eng
BACKGROUND: Inflammatory reactions in pathophysiologic conditions of lung are a critical problem in the treatment process, which in some cases lead to death, particularly in neonate. Exogenous lung surfactant has been considered as a candidate to treatment of inflammation in the lungs. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of this substance in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: Calf lung surfactant extract (CLSE) was obtained from freshly slaughtered calves’ minced isolates. For in vivo study: the New Zealand white rabbits as appropriate animal model were treated with formulated CLSE, then peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected and the level and gene expression of IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ and TGF-β were assessed before and after surfactant treatment for 30 days. In vitro study: four different formulated drug concentrations were added to rabbit PBMC and cytokines level and gene expression were evaluated. RESULTS: Our results indicate that IFN-γ and TGF-β increased at 24, 48 and 72 h which were statistically significant compared to baseline. While, IL-6 and IL-1β also started to decrease, IFN-γ and TGF-β increased due to surfactant therapy which reached its maximum expression after 7 days. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that CLSE could contribute in reducing pathology effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inducing regulatory response in lung which can be used as auxiliary and protective drug in respiratory diseases.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
13
v.
4
no.
2019
343
352
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_73998_6b3b20804ec5f05f0ecd3244856033ec.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2019.279096.1004979
RAPD-PCR and Drug Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Recovered from Companion and Wild Birds
Seyed Sina
Bagheri
Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Seyed Mostafa
Peighambari
Department of Avian Diseases
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
Tehran, Iran
author
Mohammad
Soltani
Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Mohammad
Malekan
Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2019
eng
BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is a highly versatile pathogen of a large number of domestic ani- mals, including avian species. There is limited information about S. aureus isolated from companion and wild birds in Iran. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine drug resistance and random-amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR) pattern of S. aureus isolated from birds referred to the pet birds’ clinic of University of Tehran. METHODS: During the study period, 53 isolates of S. aureus were recovered from companion birds of var- ious species using standard bacteriologic procedures and the respective drug resistance patterns were deter- mined for a panel of 30 antimicrobial agents by agar disk-diffusion method. RAPD-PCR was performed with two different 10-bp oligonucleotide primers in a duplex-PCR procedure. RESULTS: The findings of this study demonstrated that S. aureus resistance to oxacillin, clindamycin and methicillin were 58, 53 and 53%, respectively. The multi-drug resistance (MDR) was found among all isolates. The MDR pattern was variable and ranged from 0 to 17 drugs. In total, all 53 isolates generated 43 different resistance patterns. In RAPD-PCR, five different patterns of A, B, C, D and E were found. Among 53 isolates, 20, 62, 3, 9 and 3% belonged to RAPD patterns of A, B, C, D and E, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the widespread antimicrobial resistance among S. aureus isolated from pet birds; in particular, the presence of MRSA isolates. The value of RAPD-PCR for epidemiologic monitoring of S. aureus in pet birds also was noticed
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
13
v.
4
no.
2019
356
364
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_74015_b97d630f0f90cb835763fa648def8dd7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2019.282080.1004991
Investigation of Changes in Biochemical Factors in the Serum of the Persian Shepherd Dogs due to Consumption of Thymus daenensis Extract
Saeed
Omid Salary
Graduated From the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord,Iran
author
Saam
Torkan
Department of Clinical Sciences,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord,Iran
author
Mohsen
Jafarian Dehkordi
Department of Clinical Sciences,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord,Iran
author
text
article
2019
eng
BACKGROUND: Recently, the researches about herbal medicines as substitutes for chemical drugs have risen in number.
OBJECTIVES: To add more aspects to this research area, this study evaluated the changes in biochemical factors of the blood serum due to the consumption of Thymus daenensis extract and the effect of the period of its consumption into the diet of herd dogs.
METHODS: Eight adult male dogs were chosen and fed with a fixed diet for 1 month. Then they were ran- domly assigned to two groups of four. The members of first (control) group were fed only with the fixed diet and the second group received 200mg/ml, administered as 1ml/kg of Thymus daenensis extract into their fixed diet. Finally, the dogs were bloodlet at 3 different times, namely before intervention, 7 and 14 days after the in- tervention to measure the factors of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferases.
RESULTS: Comparing to the control group and the starting point of this experiment, levels of FBS, LDL, TGL, CHOL, AST factors significantly decreased 14 days after intervention, but the HDL factor increased after 7 and 14 days of intervention (P 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Consequently, oral consumption of Thymus daenensis extract led to decrease in the amounts of glucose and lipids of blood and this herb can be recommended for treating diabetics and persons suffering from high cholesterol.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
13
v.
4
no.
2019
365
375
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_73996_6b2fb9d3c4b7d7fc95fe0e6338d79e6f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2019.275775.1004971
The Therapeutic Effects of Quercetin in a Canine Model of Low-dose Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis Compared with Hydrocortisone
Alale
Soltanian
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Bahman
Mosallanejad
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Mohammad
Razi Jalali
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz,Iran
author
Hosein
Najafzadeh
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Masoud
Ghorbanpoor
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
text
article
2019
eng
BACKGROUND: Canine low-dose sepsis model provides a reliable setting to study innovative drugs. Li- popolysaccharides (LPS), a major constituent of bacterial outer membrane, have been demonstrated to play a critical role in the initiation of pathogenesis. Lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis has been extensively studied in laboratory animals; but its importance has mainly remained unknown in dogs. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present survey was to examine the effectiveness of quercetin, along with hydrocortisone on clinical and hematological alterations, and organ failure (liver and heart) in low-dose lipo- polysaccharide-induced canine sepsis model. METHODS: For this purpose, fifteen clinically healthy mixed dogs were randomly divided into three equal groups. Lipopolysaccharide (0.1 μg/kg, IV) was injected to dogs in group A (control). Group B was similar to group A, but quercetin bolus (2 mg/kg, IV, once) was injected 40 minutes after LPS injection. Group C was similar to group B; however, hydrocortisone bolus (2 mg/kg, IV, once) was administered instead of quercetin. Serum levels of glucose, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase isoenzyme muscle/brain (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cardiac troponin I (cTn-I) concentration were measured by commercial kits. RESULTS: In control group, red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (HCT) significant- ly decreased and serum activities of AST, ALP, LDH, CK-MB, and plasma cTn-I significantly increased (P<0.05). RBCs, Hb, and HCT significantly increased in quercetin group, compared with hydrocortisone and control groups (P<0.05). Quercetin group significantly decreased LDH, CK-MB, and cTn-I compared with hydrocortisone and control groups (P<0.05). Quercetin significantly decreased AST in comparison to control group and ALP in comparison to hydrocortisone group, also (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that quercetin protects RBCs in the early stages of sepsis and de- creases organs dysfunction (heart and liver), therefore it has a positive influence on sepsis and may be more effective than routine corticosteroid (hydrocortisone) therapy.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
13
v.
4
no.
2019
377
387
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_73986_2645fd06c6d36d5fc3586032aa5f38c9.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2019.260871.1004910
Electrocardiographic Indices, Circulating Electrolytes and Cardiac Enzymes of Apparently Healthy Aged Layer Hens
Seyedeh Alemeh
Hosseinian
D.V.M; Ph.D; Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran,
author
Seyed Amir
Hashemi Hazaveh
Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
author
text
article
2019
eng
BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is a highly versatile pathogen of a large number of domestic ani- mals, including avian species. There is limited information about S. aureus isolated from companion and wild birds in Iran. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine drug resistance and random-amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR) pattern of S. aureus isolated from birds referred to the pet birds’ clinic of University of Tehran. METHODS: During the study period, 53 isolates of S. aureus were recovered from companion birds of var- ious species using standard bacteriologic procedures and the respective drug resistance patterns were deter- mined for a panel of 30 antimicrobial agents by agar disk-diffusion method. RAPD-PCR was performed with two different 10-bp oligonucleotide primers in a duplex-PCR procedure. RESULTS: The findings of this study demonstrated that S. aureus resistance to oxacillin, clindamycin and methicillin were 58, 53 and 53%, respectively. The multi-drug resistance (MDR) was found among all isolates. The MDR pattern was variable and ranged from 0 to 17 drugs. In total, all 53 isolates generated 43 different resistance patterns. In RAPD-PCR, five different patterns of A, B, C, D and E were found. Among 53 isolates, 20, 62, 3, 9 and 3% belonged to RAPD patterns of A, B, C, D and E, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the widespread antimicrobial resistance among S. aureus isolated from pet birds; in particular, the presence of MRSA isolates. The value of RAPD-PCR for epidemiologic monitoring of S. aureus in pet birds also was noticed.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
13
v.
4
no.
2019
389
399
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_73991_f503745ef349c556d445d7d44ce4feca.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2019.272030.1004954
The Clinical Comparison of Intraosseous and Intravenous Anesthesia (Thiopental-Na) in Pigeon
Mohammad Reza
Aghchelou
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
author
Samane
Bakhshi
Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
author
Dariush
Saadati
Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
author
text
article
2019
eng
Background: Intraosseous injection is a way to administration of drugs. Objective: The clinical comparison of intraosseous and intravenous injection of Thiopental-Na. Methods: First all birds (Twenty six healthy pigeons) were split out into two groups randomly. Group A received 20 mg kg-1 Thiopental-Na by intraosseous route and group B intravenous route. After one week that needs for washing out of drug, group A received 20 mg kg-1 Thiopental-Na by intravenous route and group B intraosseous route. The respiratory rate (fR), heart rate (HR) and cloacal temperature (T) were measured before (0 minute) and 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after anesthetic drug administration. Reaction to injection, number of efforts for injection, duration to onset the anesthesia and different scores of anesthesia were checked. Returning from anesthesia in two groups was written out and compared. Results: Statistical assessment showed anesthesia onset in the method of intravenous injection was significantly less than the method of intraosseous injection (p=0.003), and the fR in two groups was different in 1 minute after drug administration (P=0.036). There was not statistically difference in other minutes for fR, HR and T in two groups (P >0.05). Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences in terms of number of efforts for anaesthetizing as well as anesthesia stage in both methods in different minutes (p>0.05). Also no significant alterations were recorded for recovery time for both groups. There was not any visible lameness or pain for intraosseous route after recovery. Conclusions: Intraosseous anesthesia injection in birds is a practicable and fast procedure and comparable with intravenous route.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
13
v.
4
no.
2019
401
409
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_73989_d0b464a7abfd5c664e5eee2d141d2e0f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2019.269704.1004942
Effect of in ovo Injection of Nicotonic Acid, Pantothenic Acid or Folic Acid on Immune System and Growth of Broiler Chickens
Asaad
Parnian
Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
author
Bahman
Navidshad
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
author
Farzad
Mirzaei
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
author
Reza
Behmaram
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
author
Hamid
Deldar
Department of Animal Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University,Sari, Iran
author
text
article
2019
eng
BACKGROUND: In ovo injection of nutrients as an early feeding method in birds directly supplies the nu- trients to the developing embryo. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of in ovo injection of nicotonic acid, panto- thenic acid and folic acid on the performance and immune system of broilers. METHODS: 450 Ross 308 fertile eggs were divided into 5 groups and placed in a hatchery machine. Five experimental groups included in ovo injection of 0.121 mg of nicotonic acid, 0.052 mg of pantothenic acid, 0.007 mg of folic acid on the 14th day of incubation period, positive control or injection control (physiological serum injection) and negative control (non injecting control). RESULTS: At the age of 18 days of the rearing period, injection of pantothenic acid and nicotinic acid in- creased the antibody titre against Newcastle Virus and folic acid and pantothenic acid reduced the SRBC titer. At 35 days of age, nicotinic acid and folic acid had lower SRBC titer than the negative control group. The highest lymphocyte to heterophilia ratio was observed in the pantothenic acid group and the lowest levels were seen in the folic acid group. In ovo injection of nicotinic acid and pantothenic acid caused weight loss in chicks during the first and second weeks of rearing period compared to positive and negative controls groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicated a positive effect of in ovo injection of pantothenic acid and nichotinic acid on some immune parameters of broiler chicks. In despite of the negative effect of in ovo injection of nicotinic acid and pantothenic acid on growth rate of chicks during the first and second week of age, there was a compensatory growth for the nicotinic acid group such that this treatment positively influenced the final weight of the broilers.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
13
v.
4
no.
2019
411
420
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_73997_57c2e79cb1693c99a163f00451a0edb2.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2019.278345.1004976
Effects of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Yersinia ruckeri on Immune Response in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by Intraperitoneal and Oral Administration
Zahra
Tulaby Dezfuly
Graduated From the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord,Iran
author
Mojtaba
Alishahi
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Masoud
Ghorbanpoor
Department of microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Mohammad Reza
Tabandeh
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
author
Mehrzad
Mesbah
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
author
text
article
2019
eng
BACKGROUND: Recently, the researches about herbal medicines as substitutes for chemical drugs have risen in number. OBJECTIVES: To add more aspects to this research area, this study evaluated the changes in biochemical factors of the blood serum due to the consumption of Thymus daenensis extract and the effect of the period of its consumption into the diet of herd dogs. METHODS: Eight adult male dogs were chosen and fed with a fixed diet for 1 month. Then they were ran- domly assigned to two groups of four. The members of first (control) group were fed only with the fixed diet and the second group received 200mg/ml, administered as 1ml/kg of Thymus daenensis extract into their fixed diet. Finally, the dogs were bloodlet at 3 different times, namely before intervention, 7 and 14 days after the in- tervention to measure the factors of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferases. RESULTS: Comparing to the control group and the starting point of this experiment, levels of FBS, LDL, TGL, CHOL, AST factors significantly decreased 14 days after intervention, but the HDL factor increased after 7 and 14 days of intervention (P<0.05). The level of ALT factor did not change during period of the study (P> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Consequently, oral consumption of Thymus daenensis extract led to decrease in the amounts of glucose and lipids of blood and this herb can be recommended for treating diabetics and persons suffering from high cholesterol.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
13
v.
4
no.
2019
421
435
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_73992_237dd814c0880088a84533e6402ae785.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2019.275717.1004969
Malignant Melanoma in a Female Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
Farhang
Sasani
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Hosein Ali
Arab
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Seyed Hossein
Mardjanmehr
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Sara
Shokrpoor
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Hamid Reza
Fakhri moghadam
Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
Diba
golchin
Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2019
eng
Melanomas are malignant neoplasms originating from melanocytes. They reported in birds. In this case, macroscopic and microscopic (the histopathologic and IHC) findings supported a final diagnosis of cutaneous malignant melanoma in a mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos). A female mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) was observed with a mass on the ventral portion of the neck. The bird was anes- thetized with Diazepam/Ketamine. A skin incision was made on the ventral surface of the mass and blunt dissection was performed to separate the mass. The incision was sutured by a simple interrupted suture pattern. Mass was surgically excised for histopathological evaluation. Histologically, the mass was composed of nests and sheets of anaplastic, epithelioid, multinucleated and polygonal cells con- taining variable amounts of brown to black granules of melanin. The neoplasm showed immunoreactiv- ity for S-100 and Melan-A in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells. Based on the histopathological and IHC findings, this is the first report of malignant melanoma in a mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos).
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
2251-8894
13
v.
4
no.
2019
437
443
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_74000_7f945b1492984eb513aae93be6bd57d0.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.22059/ijvm.2019.280979.1004986