ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cloning and expression of Eimeria necatrix microneme5 gene in Escherichia coli
Background: Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria necatrix has the most economic impact onpoultry production. Micronemal proteins in Eimeria necatrix are thoughtto be critical ligands determining host cell specificity at the time ofinvasion. OBJECTIVES: Isolation and purification of Eimeria necatrix oocysts from Khuzestan province of Iran was performed. AcDNA encoding microneme 5 (EnMIC5) protein was cloned and expressed asrecombinant protein before the evaluation of its immunogenicity by Westernblotting. METHODS: A primer pair was designed based on the publishednucleotide sequence of Eimeria necatrix LZ strain micronem5 gene. APartial cDNA sequence fragment of 758 bp coding for microneme 5 protein(EnMIC5) was amplified by semi- Nested RT-PCR. PCR products were cloned andexpressed in a Maltose Binding protein (MBP) containing expression vector(pMAL-c2x) in Escherichia coli. The cDNA which is encoded for 252 aminoacids shows high degree of conservation. It contains the adhesive plasmapre-kallikrein and seven hydrophilic motifs. RESULTS: The results of SDS-PAGErevealed that the recombinant protein with a molecular weight of 70 kDa wasover-expressed after induction with IPTG. Western blotting results revealedthat the expressed recombinant protein was reacted with sera of the chicksinfected with Eimeria necatrix. It was suggested that this proteinshould have a good immunogenicity and can be used for further studies. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the high degree of sequence homology indicates that thisprotein is immunogenic and might be aninteresting vaccine target, and deserves further investigation
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_58677_9d39b619fb234eed44dc01914394dbc3.pdf
2016-09-01
157
163
10.22059/ijvm.2016.58677
Eimeria necatrix
gene expression
immunogenicity
microneme
Mansour
Mayahi
m_mayahi@yahoo.com
1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Ahvaz
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbas
Jolodar
jolodar@gmail.com
2
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Sharouz
Masaeli
shmasaeli@gmail.com
3
He is working at Veterinary Department of Qum State
AUTHOR
Hosein
Hamidinejat
hamidinejad@yahoo.com
4
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Masoud
Seyfi Abad Shapouri
sefy@scu.ac.ir
5
3Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Naghme
Moori Bakhtiari
n.moori@scu.ac.ir
6
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Bashar, A.E., Jian-ping, C., Ming-quan, X., Guo-qing, L., Zong-hua, Q., Hui-xian, W., Xing-yu, P., Weng-kang, W. (2003) Characterization of Microneme-2 (EtMlC-2) gene of Eimeia tenella Guangdong strain. Int J Poult Sci. 2: 133-138.
1
Bhogal, B., Miller, S., Anderson, G.A., Jessee, A.C., Strousberg, E.J., Mc Candliss, S., Nagle, R.J., Strousberg, R. (1992) Potential of a recombinant antigen as a prophylactic vaccine for day-old broiler chickens against Eimeria acervuline and E. tenella infections. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 31: 323-335.
2
Blake, D.P., Shirley, M.W., Smith, A.L. (2006) Genetic identification of antigens protective against coccidia. Parasit Immunol. 28: 305-314.
3
Brown, P.J., Billington, K.J., Bumstead, J.M., Clark, J.D., Tomley, F.M. (2000) A microneme protein from Eimeria tenella with homology to the Apple domains of coagulation factor XI and plasma pre-kallikrein. J Molecul Biochem Parasitol. 107: 91-102.
4
Bumstead, J., Tomley, F.M. (2000) Induction of secretion and surface capping of microneme proteins in Eimeria tenella. J Molecul Biochem Parasitol. 110: 311-321.
5
Cai, X.P., Liu, H., Jia, W., Guo, A., Zhang, Sh., Yan, H., Yue, Ch. (2008) Recombinant expression of microneme protein 5 gene of Eimeria necatrix LZ strain in E. coli and antigenicity of recombinant protein. Act Vet Zootechnic Sini. 39: 1575 -1580.
6
Carruthers, V.B., Tomley, F.M. (2008) Receptor-ligand interaction and invasion: Microneme proteins in Apicomplexans. Subcell Biochem. 47: 33-45.
7
Chomczynski, P., Sacchi, N. (1987) Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Analitic Biochem. 162: 156-159.
8
Crane, M.S.J., Goggin, B., Kirj, K.E., Chakoaboity, P.R. (1991) Cross protection against four species of chicken coccidian with a single recombinant antigen. Infect Immun. 59: 1271-1277.
9
Dubremetz, J.F. (1998) Apical organelles and host-cell invasion by Apicomplexa. Int J Parasitol. 28: 1007- 1013.
10
Jenkins, M.C. (1998) Progress on developing a recombinant coccidiosis vaccine. Int J Parasitol. 28: 1111-1119.
11
Jenkins, M.C. (2001) Advances and prospects for subunit vaccines against protozoa of veterinary importance. Vet Parasitol. 101: 291-310.
12
Johnston, D.A., Bratty, J., Fernando, M.A. (1998) A fast and inexpensive method for isolation of high-quality RNA from eimerian oocysts. Parasitol Res. 84: 549-551.
13
Kyte, J., Doolittle, R.F. (1982) A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein. J Molecul Biol. 157: 105-32.
14
Masaeli, Sh., Mayahi, M., Jolodar, A., Hamidinejat, H., Seyfi Abad Shapouri, M.R. (2011) Partial sequence determination of a cDNA encoding microneme 5 protein of Eimeria necatrix isolated in Khuzestan province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science Technology. 3: 39-48.
15
Murray, P.K., Bhogal, B.S., Crane, M.St J. (1986) Eimeria tenella - in vivo immunization studies with sporozoite antigen. In: Research in Avian Coccidiosis. Mc Dougald, L.R., Joyner, L.P., Long, P.L. (eds.). University of Georgia Press. Athens, Georgia, USA. p. 564-573.
16
Qin, Z.H., Xie, M.Q., Cai, J.P., Elhag, A.B., Peng, X.Y., Wei, W.K., Wu, H.X. (2005) Expressing microneme-2 gene of Eimeria necatrix in Escherichia coli. Chin J Vet Sci. 25: 22-25.
17
Rose, M.E., Mockett, A.P.A. (1983) Antibodies to coccidia: detection by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Parasite Immunol. 5: 479-489.
18
Shirley, M.W. (1995) Eimeria species and strains of chickens. In: Biotechnology Guidelines on Techniques in Coccidiosis Research. European Commission DGXII, Luxembourg. p. 1- 24.
19
Soldati, D., Brecht, S., Carruthers, V.B., Ferguson, D.J.P., Giddings, O.K., Wang, G., Jäkle, U., Harper, J.M., Sibley, L.D. (2001) The toxoplasma micronemal protein MIC4 is an adhesin composed of six conserved apple domains. J Biol Chem. 276: 4119-27.
20
Striepen, B., Soldati, D., Garcio-Reguet, N., Dubremetz, J.F., Roos, D. (2001) Targeting of soluble proteins to the rhoptries and micronemes in Toxoplasma gondii. Molecul Biochem Parasitol. 113: 45- 53.
21
Su, Y.C., Fei, A.C., Tsai, F.M. (2003) Differential diagnosis of five avian Eimeria species by polymerase chain reaction using primers derived from the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) sequence. Vet Parasitol. 117: 221-227.
22
Tomley, F.M. (1994) Characterization of rhoptry proteins of Eimeria tenella sporozoites: antigenic diversity of rhoptry epitopes within species of the genus Eimeria and among three asexual generations of a single species, E. tenella. Infect Immunol. 62: 4656-4658.
23
Tomley, F.M. (1997) Techniques for isolation and characterization of apical organelles from Eimeria tenella sporozoites. Methods: A companion to Methods in enzymology. 13: 171-176.
24
Tomley, F.M., Clark, L.E., Kawazoe, U., Dijkema, R., Kok, J.J. (1991) Sequence of gene encoding an immunodominant microneme protein of E. tenella. Molecul Biochem Parasitol. 49: 277-288.
25
Tomley, F.M., Billington, K.J., Bumstead, J.M., Clarka, J.D., Monaghanb, P. (1996) Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel acidic microneme protein (EtMIC-2) from the apicomplexan protozoan parasite, Eimeria tenella. Molecul Biochem Parasitol. 79: 195- 206.
26
Tomley, F.M., Billington, K.J., Bumstead, J.M., Clark, J.D., Monaghan, P. (2001) EtMIC-4: a microneme protein from Eimeria tenella that contains tandem arrays of epidermal growth factor-like repeats and thrombospondin type-1 repeats. Int J Parasitol. 31: 1303-1310.
27
Tomley, F.M., Soldati, D.S. (2001) Mix and match modules: structure and function of microneme protein in apicomplexan parasites. Parasitol Today. 31: 1303- 1310.
28
Vermeulen, A.N. (1998) Progress in recombinant vaccine development against coccidiosis. A review and prospects into the next millenium. Int J Parasitol. 28: 1121-1130.
29
Vermeulen, A.N., Kok, J.J., van den Boogart, P., Dijkema, R., Claessens, J.A.J. (1993) Eimeria refractile body proteins contain 2 potentially functional characteristice-transhydrogenase and carbohydrate transport. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 110: 223-230.
30
Williams, R.B. (1998) Epidemiological aspects of the use of live anticoccidial vaccines for chickens. Int J Parasitol. 28: 1089-1098.
31
Williams, R.B. (2006) Relative virulences of a drug-resistant and a drug-sensitive strain of Eimeria acervulina, a coccidium of chickens. Vet Parasitol. 15: 15-23.
32
Xie, Ming-quan., Qin, Zong-hua., Cai, Jian-ping., Bashar, A .E., Peng, Xin-yu., Wei, Wen-kang., Wu, Hui-xian. (2005) Immunogenic characterization of the recombinant attenuated Salmonella typhymurium expressing Mic2 gene of Eimeria necatrix. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica. 36: 705-710.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identification of enterototxin harboring gene among Clostridium perfringens isolates with different toxin types in Iran
Background: Clostridium perfringens is known as the most widely distributed pathogenic microorganism in nature. It is an extremely important pathogen of human and domestic animals. In a commonly used classification scheme, C. perfringens is divided into five toxinotypes (A to E) based on the production of four major toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon, and iota). Enterotoxin is not usually used for C. perfringens typing but it is a fatal toxin with necrotic activity. Based on our knowledge there is no published scientific report regarding identification of enterotoxin positive C. perfringens isolates from animals in Iran. OBJECTIVES: To study the presence and frequency of enterotoxin gene among C. perfringence isolates with different types. METHODS: A specific single PCR assay was developed and used for detection of cpe gene to identify the entrerotoxin harboring isolates among different types of C. perfringens isolated from animal enteric diseases in Iran. RESULTS: It was found that cpe gene presents among C.perfringens isolates types A, B, C and D with 63.6% (7/11), 25% ( 5/20), 21.4% (3/14), 53.3% (8/15), respectively. Totally 23 of 60 ( 38.3%) isolates screened by PCR were cpe-positive. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of cpe- positive isolates of C.perfringens causing enterototoxemia in animals in Iran. Further studies to investigate the synergistic effect of CPE toxin in pathogenesis of enteric diseases in animals is suggested.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_58678_71f5eed7a328d1961ec8b9a69b76420d.pdf
2016-09-01
165
172
10.22059/ijvm.2016.58678
Clostridium perfringens
cpe gene
enterotoxin
Ahmad-Reza
Jabbari
a.jabbari@rvsri.ac.ir
1
Razi vaccine and Serum Research Institute
LEAD_AUTHOR
Majid
Esmaelizad
m.esmaelizad@rvsri.ac.ir
2
Razi vaccine and Serum Research Inst
AUTHOR
fariba
Samimi
ahmadjb@yahoo.com
3
Payame Noor University, Tehran Branch,
AUTHOR
Barker, I.K., Van Dreumel, A.A., Palmer, N. (1993) The alimentary system. In: Pathology of Domestic Animals. Jubb, K.V.F., Kennedy, P.C., Palmer, N. (eds.). (4th ed.) Vol 1. San Diego: Academic, USA. p. 425-445.
1
Bos, J., Smithee, L., McClane, B., Distefano, R.F., Uzal, F., Songer, J.G., Mallonee, S., Crutcher, J.M. (2005) Fatal necrotizing colitis following a food borne outbreak of enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens type A infection. Clin Infect Dis. 40: 78-83.
2
Baums, G., Schotte, U., Amtsberg, G., Goethe, R. (2004) Diagnostie multiplex PCR for toxin genotyping of Clostridium perfringens isolates. Vet Microbiol. 100: 11-16.
3
Cave, N.J., Marks, S.L., Kass, P.H., Melli, A.C., and Brophy, M.A. (2002) Evaluation of a routine diagnostic fecal panel for dogs with diarrhea. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 221: 52-59.
4
Deguchi, A., Miyamoto K, Kuwahara T, Miki Y, Kaneko I, Jihong, L.I., Bruce, A., McClane., Shigeru, A. (2009) Genetic characterization of type a enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens strains. PLoS ONE 4: e5598. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005598.
5
Dray, T. (2004) Clostridium perfringens type A and beta 2 toxin associated with enterotoxemia in a 5-week-old goat. Can Vet J. 45: 251-253.
6
El-Naenaeey, E.Y.M. (2000) Biological detection of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin originated from camel (Camelus dromedarius) enterotoxaemia. Vet Med J Giza. 48: 73-82.
7
Jabbari, A.R., Afshari Far, S., Esmaelizad, M., Pilehchian Langroudi, R., Moosawi Shooshtari, M. (2011) Abdolmohammadi Khiav, L. Molecular typing of toxigenic Clostridium perfringens isolated from sheep in Iran. Arch Razi Inst. 66: 81-86.
8
John, R., Czeczulin, Philip, C., Hanna, T., Bruce, A., Mcclane. (1993) Cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and expression of the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin gene in Eschenichia coli. Infect Immun. 61: 3429-3439.
9
Katahira, J., Sugiyama, H., Inouei, N., Horiguchi, Y., Matsud, M., Sugimoto, N. (1997) Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin utilizes two structurally related membrane proteins as functional receptors in vivo. J Biol Chem. 272: 26652-26658.
10
Lahti, P., Heikinheimo, A., Johansson, T., Korkeala, H. (2007) Clostridium perfringens type A isolates carrying the plasmid-borne enterotoxin gene (genotypes IS1151-cpe or IS1470-like-cpe) are a common cause of food poisonings. J Clin Microbiol. 46: 371-373.
11
Li, J., McClane, B.A. (2006) Further comparison of temperature effects on growth and survival of Clostridium perfringens type A isolates carrying a chromosomal or plasmid-borne enterotoxin gene. Appl Environ Microbiol. 72: 4561-4568.
12
Lisle, J.T., Smith, J.J., Edwards, D.D., McFeters, G.A. (2004) Occurrence of microbial indicators and Clostridium perfringens in wastewater, water column samples, sediments, drinking water, and weddell seal feces collected at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Appl Environ Microbiol. 70: 7269-7276.
13
En-N- Manteca, C., Daube, G., Jauniaux, T., linden, A., Pirson, V., Detilleux, J., Ginter, A., Coppe, P., Kaeckenbeeck, A., Mainil, J.G. (2002) A role for the Clostridium perfringens B2 toxin in bovine enterotoxaemia. Vet Microbiol. 86: 191-202.
14
Miyakawa, M.E.F., Saputo, J., Leger, J.S., Puschner, B., Fisher, D.J., McClane, B.A., Uzal, F.A. (2007) Necrotizing enterocolitis and death in a goat kid associated with enterotoxin (CPE)-producing Clostridium perfringens type A. Can Vet J. 48: 1266-1269.
15
Marks, S.L., Kather, E.J. (2003) Antimicrobial susceptibilities of canine Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens isolates to commonly utilized antimicrobial drugs. Vet Microbiol. 94: 39-45.
16
McClane, B.A. (2005) Clostridial enterotoxins. In: Handbook on Clostridia. Durre, P., (ed.). CRC Press. Boca Raton, USA. p. 385-406.
17
McClane, B.A., Chakrabarti, G. (2004) New insights into the cytotoxic mechanisms of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. Anaerobe. 10: 107-114.
18
McClane, B.A., Rood, J.I. (2001) Clostridial toxins involved in human enteric and histotoxic infection. In: Bahl H, Duerre P (ed).Clostridia: Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, Biotech. Med Appl. p. 169-209.
19
Melville, S., Collie, R., McClane, B.A. (1997) Regulation of enterotoxin production in Clostridium perfringens. In: The Clostridia: Molecular biology and pathogenesis. Academic Press, London, UK. p. 471-490.
20
Melville, S., Labbe, R., Sonenshein, A. (1994) Expression from the Clostridium perfringens cpe promoter in C. perfringens and Bacillus subtilis. Infect Immun. 62: 5550-5558.
21
Miki, Y., Miyamoto, K., Kaneko-Hirano, I., Fujiuchi, K., Akimoto, S. (2008) Prevalence
22
and characterization of enterotoxin gene carrying Clostridium perfringens from retail meat products in Japan. Appl Environ Microbiol. 74: 5366-5372.
23
Miyamoto, K., Wen, Q., McClane, B.A. (2004) Multiplex PCR genotyping assey that distinguishes between isolates of Clostridium perfringens type A carrying a chromosonal enterotoxin gene (cpe) locus,a plasmid cpe locus with an IS1470-Like sequence,or a plasmid cpe locus with an IS1151 sequence. J Clin Microbiol. 42: 1552-1558.
24
Sarker, M.R., Shivers, R.P., Sparks, S.G., Juneja, V.K., McClane, B.A. (2000) Comparative experiments to examine the effects of heating on vegetative cells and spores of Clostridium perfringens isolates carrying plasmid enterotoxin genes versus chromosomal enterotoxin genes. Appl Environ Microbiol. 66: 3234-3240.
25
Sayeed, S., Uzal, F.A., Fisher, D.J., Saputo, J., Vidal, J.E., Chen, Y., Gupta, P., Rood, J.I., McClane, B.A. (2008) Beta toxin is essential for the intestinal virulence of Clostridium perfringens type C disease isolate CN3685 in a rabbit ileal loop model. Mol Microbiol. 67: 15-30.
26
Sarker, R., Carman, R.J., McClane, B.A. (1999) Inactivation of the gene (cpe) encoding Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin eliminates the ability of two cpe-positive C-perfringens type A human gastrointestinal disease isolates to affect rabbit ileal loops. Mol Microbiol. 33: 946-958.
27
Skjelkvale, R., Uemura, T. (1977) Experimental diarrhea in human volunteers following oral-administration of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. J Appl Bacteriol. 43: 281-286.
28
Smedley, J.G., Fisher, D.J., Sayeed, S., Chakrabarti, G., McClane, B.A. (2005) The enteric toxins of Clostridium perfringens. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. p. 152: 183-204.
29
Taherian Fard, A., Hasan, F., Bandehpour, M., Mosaffa, N., Mashhadi Abbas, F., Hameed, A., Ali Shah, A., Kazemi, B. (2010) Cloning and expression of C-terminal of Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxin and its biological activity. Afr J Microbiol Res. 4: 1469-1474.
30
Thiede, S., Goethe, R., Amtsberg, G. (2001) Prevalence of B2 toxin gene of Clostridium perfringens type A from diarrhoeic dogs. Vet Res. 149: 273-274.
31
Uzal, F.A., Fisher, D.J., Saputo, J., Sayeed, S., McClane, B.A., Songer, G., Trinh, H.T., Miyakawa, M.E.F., Gard, S. (2008) Ulcerative enterocolitis in two goats associated with enterotoxin- and beta2 toxin-positive Clostridium perfringens type D. J Vet Diagn Invest. 20: 668-672.
32
Veshnyakova, A., Protze, J., Rossa, J., Blasig, I.E., Krause, G., Piontek, J. (2010) On the interaction of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin with claudins toxins. doi: 10.3390/toxins2061336. 2: 1336-1356.
33
Waters, M., Sovoie, A., Garmory, H.S., Buesched, D., Popoff, M.R., Songer, G., Titball, R.H., MacClane, B.A., Sarker, M.R. (2003) Genotyping and phenotyping of beta 2- toxigenic Clostridium perfringens fecal isolates associated with gastrointestinal diseases in piglets. J Clin Microbiol. 41: 3584-3591.
34
Wen, Q., McClane, B.A. (2004) Detection of enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens type A isolates in American retail foods. Appl Environ Microbiol. 70: 2685-2691.
35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antifungal activity of the Trachyspermum ammi essential oil on some of the most common fungal pathogens in animals
Background: The increasing resistance to antifungal drugs and the reduced number of available drugs led to the search for therapeutic alternatives among aromatic plants and their essential oils, empirically used by antifungal effects. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil (EO) against the most frequent pathogenic fungi including Candida, Aspergillus, Chrysosporium and Trichophyton species. METHODS: EO from the seeds of the plant was obtained by hydrodistillation. Susceptibility tests were expressed as growth inhibition zone (diameter) using disk diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) using broth microdilution method. RESULTS: Results of susceptibility tests showed that T. ammi EO was effective against all the tested strains. The diameters of growth inhibition zone of the EO were between 11 mm and 60 mm. The EO was also the most active, with MIC and MFC values ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 mg/ml and 0.6 to 5 mg/ml, respectively. The EO of T. ammi showed a significant degree of antifungal activity against different Candida species in comparison with other fungi (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicated that T. ammi EO has considerable antifungal activity, deserving further investigations for its clinical application for treatment of fungal infections.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_58679_235e56ba0f1bba7ea4cfb1a7c240a7aa.pdf
2016-09-01
173
180
10.22059/ijvm.2016.58679
antifungal activity
Aspergillus
Candida
Trachyspermum ammi
Trichophyton
hojatollah
shokri
hshokri@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
aghil
sharifzadeh
asharfzade@ut.ac.ir
2
Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
alireza
khosravi
akhosraviri@yahoo.com
3
Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Alcazar-Fuoli, E. (2013) Ergosterol biosynthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus: its relevance as an antifungal target and role in antifungal drug resistance. Front Microbiol. 3: 1-6.
1
Aligiannis, N., Kalpoutzakis, E., Mitaku, S. (2001) Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of two Origanum species. J Agric Food Chem. 38: 4168-4170.
2
Cavaleiro, C., Pinto, E., Goncalves, M.J. (2006) Antifungal activity of Juniperus essential oils against dermatophyte, Aspergillus and Candida strains. J Appl Microbiol. 100: 1333-1338.
3
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2008) Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; Approved standard. (3rd ed.) CLSI document M27-A3, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, USA.
4
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2008) Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi; Approved standard. (2nd ed.)CLSI document M38-A2, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, USA.
5
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2004) Method for antifungal disk diffusion susceptibility testing of yeasts; Approved guideline. CLSI document M44-A, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, USA.
6
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2008) Method for antifungal disk diffusion susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi; Proposed guideline. CLSI document M51-P, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, P, USA.
7
Council of Europe (1997) Methods of Pharmacognosy. In: European Pharmacopoeia. (3rd ed.) European Department for the Quality of Medicines. Strasbourg, France. p. 121-122.
8
Ebrahimzadeh, H., Yamini, Y., Sefidkonc, F. (2003) Chemical composition of the essential oil and supercritical CO2 extracts of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Food Chem. 83: 357-361.
9
Gandomi, H., Abbaszadeh, S., Jebellijavan, A. (2014) Chemical constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidative effects of Trachyspermum ammi essential oil. J Food Process Pres. 38: 1690-1695.
10
Gauthier, G.M., Keller, N.P. (2013) Crossover fungal pathogens, the biology and pathogenesis of fungi capable of crossing kingdoms to infect plants and humans. Fungal Genet Biol. 8: 1-12.
11
Gersbach, P.V., Reddy, N. (2002) Non-invasive localization of thymol accumulation in Carum copticum (Apiaceae) fruits by chemical shift selective magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Bot. 90: 253-257.
12
Hammer, K., Carson, C., Riley, T. (2002) In-vitro activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil against dermatophytes and other filamentous fungi. J Antimicrob Chemother. 50: 195-199.
13
Ishikawa, T., Sega, Y., Kitajima, J. (2001) Water-soluble constituents of Ajowan. Chem Pharmaceut Bull. 49: 840-844.
14
Khosravi, A.R., Shokri, H., Yahyaraeyat, R. (2006) Veterinary mycology. (1st ed.) Tehran University Press. Tehran, Iran.
15
Klich, M.A. (2002) Identification of common Aspergillus species. (1st ed.) Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures. Utrecht, The Netherlands.
16
Larone, D.H. (2002) Medically Important Fungi. A guide to Identification. (4th ed.) ASM Press. Washington D.C., USA.
17
Murthy, P.S., Borse, B.B., Khanum, H. (2009) Inhibitory effects of Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) ethanolic extract on A. ochraceus growth and ochratoxin production. Turk J Biol. 33: 211-217.
18
Naeini, A., Khosravi, A.R., Chitsaz, M. (2009) Anti-Candida albicans activity of some Iranian plants used in traditional medicine. J Mycol Méd. 19: 168-172.
19
Naeini, A., Shokri, H. (2012) Chemical composition and in vitro antifungal activity of the essential oil from Cuminum cyminum against various Aspergillus strains. J Med Plants Res. 6: 1702-1706.
20
Nostro, A., Blanco, A.R., Cannatelli, M.A. (2004) Susceptibility of methicillin-resistant staphylococci to oregano essential oil, carvacrol and thymol. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 230: 191-195.
21
Pina-Vaz, C., Rodrigues, A.G., Pinto, E. (2004) Antifungal activity of Thymus oils and their major compounds. J Eur Acad Dermatol. 18: 73-78.
22
Pinto, E., Palmeira, A., Salgueiro, L. (2003) Antifungal activity of oregano oils (Lippia graveolens and Origanum virens) on dermatophyte species. Clin Microbiol Infect. 9: 222-230.
23
Ranjan, B., Manmohan, S., Singh, S.R. (2012) Medicinal uses of Trachyspermum ammi: a review. Pharmacogn Rev. 6: 56-60.
24
Salgueiro, L.R., Pinto, E., Gonc alves, M.J. (2004) Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Thymbra capitata. Planta Med. 70: 572-575.
25
Shojaaddini, M., Moharramipour, S., Sahaf, B. (2008) Fumigant toxicity of essential oil from Carum copticum against Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. J Plant Prot Res. 48: 411-419.
26
Shokri, H., Khosravi, A.R., Rad, M.A. (2010) Occurrence of Malassezia species in Persian and domestic short hair cats with and without otitis externa. J Vet Med Sci. 72: 293-296.
27
Shokri, H., Sharifzadeh, A., Ashrafi Tamai, I. (2012) Anti-Candida zeylanoides activity of some Iranian plants used in traditional medicine. J Mycol Méd. 22: 211-216.
28
Soković, M.D., Vukojević, J., Marin, P.D. (2009) Chemical composition of essential oils of Thymus and Mentha species and their antifungal activities. Molecul. 14: 238-249.
29
Soni, S., Soni, U.N. (2014) In-vitro anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity of select essential oils. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 6: 586-591.
30
Tiwari, T.N., Chansouria, J.P.N., Dubey, N.K. (2003) Antimycotic potency of some essential oils in the treatment of induced dermatomycosis of an experimental animal. Pharm Biol. 41: 351-356.
31
Vandeputte, P., Selene, F., Coste, A.T. (2012) Antifungal resistance and new strategies to control fungal infections. Int J Microbiol. 2012: 1-26.
32
World Health Organization (WHO). (2001) General Guidelines for Methodologies on Research and Evaluation of Traditional Medicine, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of required induction dose, induction and recovery characteristics, and cardiorespiratory effects of co-administration of ketofol with diazepam and midazolam in healthy dogs
Background: Co-administration of anesthetics has been employed to decrease potential unpleasant effects associated with single drug. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of co-administration of ketofol with diazepam or midazolam in healthy dogs. METHODS: Six adult mix-breed male dogs were used. After sedation with acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg), anesthesia was induced with keteofol (KF; 1 ml contained 5 mg ketamine and 5 mg propofol), ketofol-diazepam (KFD), or ketofol-midazolam (KFM) (1 ml contained 5 mg KF and 2.5 mg diazepam or midazolam) randomly. All the dogs received the three treatments with at least one week interval. RESULTS: The total dose of ketofol used for induction of anesthesia in KF (4.2±0.44 mg/kg) was significantly higher than KFD (2.27±0.6 mg/kg) and KFM (1.68±0.25 mg/kg). The total dose of diazepam and midazolam used in KFD and KFM was 1.00±0.25 and 0.73±0.10 mg/kg, respectively (p>0.05). The time needed for sternal recumbency, standing position and normal walking was longer in KFD and KFM compared to KF (p<0.05). Heart rate (HR) showed significant increase in KF at several time points (p<0.05). Respiratory rate (fr) in KF showed a significant decrease during the anesthesia period compared to the base (p<0.05). HR and fr were more stable in KFD and KFM. Induction and recovery quality in the three treatments were acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: Co-administration of ketofol with diazepam and midazolam reduced the required induction dose and prolonged recovery in dogs. Diazepam and midazolam could attenuate the unfavorable effects of ketofol in some cardiorespiratory variables.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_58680_2681ecae9d2dd6ece12e2bf96527c767.pdf
2016-09-01
181
190
10.22059/ijvm.2016.58680
co-administration
diazepam
Dog
ketofol
midazolam
Hadi
Imani
h.imani@scu.ac.ir
1
Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Baniadam
abaniadam@gmail.com
2
Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Baahman
Mosallanejad
bmosallanejad@scu.ac.ir
3
Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahrzad
Shabani
shabanishahrzad42@yahoo.com
4
Student of Veterinary Medicine,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abbasivash, R., Aghdashi, M.M., Sinaei, B., Kheradmand, F. (2014) The effects of propofol-midazolam-ketamine co-induction on hemodynamic changes and catecholamine response. J Clin Anesth. 26: 628-633.
1
Andolfatto, G., Willman, E. (2010) A prospective case series of pediatric procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department using single‐syringe ketamine-propofol combination (Ketofol). Acad Emerg Med. 17: 194-201.
2
Braun, C., Hofmeister, E.H., Lockwood, A.A., Parfitt, S.L. (2007) Effects of diazepam or lidocaine premedication on propofol induction and cardiovascular parameters in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 43: 8-12.
3
Brock, N., Hildebrand, S. (1990) A comparison of xylazine-diazepam-ketamine and xylazine-guaifenesin-ketamine in equine anesthesia. Vet Surg. 19: 468-474.
4
Butera, T., Moore, J., Garner, H., Amend, J., Clarke, L., Hatfield, D. (1978) Diazepam/xylazine/ketamine combination for short-term anesthesia in the horse. Vet Med Small Anim Clin. 73: 490,495-496,499.
5
Chai, C., Wang, S. (1966) Cardiovascular actions of diazepam in the cat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 154: 271-280.
6
Covey‐Crump, G.L., Murison, P.J. (2008) Fentanyl or midazolam for co‐induction of anaesthesia with propofol in dogs. Vet Anesth Analg. 35: 463-472.
7
Erdogan, M.A., Begec, Z., Aydogan, M.S., Ozgul, U., Yucel, A., Colak, C., Durmus, M. (2013) Comparison of effects of propofol and ketamine-propofol mixture (ketofol) on laryngeal mask airway insertion conditions and hemodynamics in elderly patients: a randomized, prospective, double-blind trial. J Anesth. 27: 12-17.
8
Fayyaz, S., Kerr, C.L., Dyson, D.H., Mirakhur, K.K. (2009) The cardiopulmonary effects of anesthetic induction with isoflurane, ketamine‐diazepam or propofol‐diazepam in the hypovolemic dog. Vet Anesth Analg. 36: 110-123.
9
Haskins, S., Farver, T., Patz, J. (1986) Cardiovascular changes in dogs given diazepam and diazepam-ketamine. Am J Vet Res. 47: 795-798.
10
Haskins, S., Pascoe, P.J., Ilkiw, J.E., Fudge, J., Hopper, K., Aldrich, J. (2005) Reference cardiopulmonary values in normal dogs. Comp Med. 55: 156-161.
11
Haskins, S.C. (2015) Monitoring Anesthetized Patients, In: Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. The Fifth Edition of Lumb and Jones. Grimm, K.A., Lamont, L.A., Tranquilli, W.J., Greene, S.A., Robertson, S.A. (eds.). John Wiley & Sons, Pondicherry, India, p. 86-113.
12
Haskins, S.C., Farver, T.B., Patz, J.D. (1985) Ketamine in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 46: 1855-1860.
13
Henao-Guerrero, N., Riccó, C.H. (2014) Comparison of the cardiorespiratory effects of a combination of ketamine and propofol, propofol alone, or a combination of ketamine and diazepam before and after induction of anesthesia in dogs sedated with acepromazine and oxymorphone. Am J Vet Res. 75: 231-239.
14
Hopkins, A., Giuffrida, M., Larenza, M.P. (2014) Midazolam, as a co‐induction agent, has propofol sparing effects but also decreases systolic blood pressure in healthy dogs. Vet Anesth Analg. 41: 64-72.
15
Ilkiw, J., Suter, C., McNeal, D., Farver, T., Steffey, E. (1996) The effect of intravenous administration of variable‐dose midazolam after fixed‐dose ketamine in healthy awake cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 19: 217-224.
16
Kennedy, M.J., Smith, L.J. (2014) A comparison of cardiopulmonary function, recovery quality, and total dosages required for induction and total intravenous anesthesia with propofol versus a propofol-ketamine combination in healthy Beagle dogs. Vet Anesth Analg. 42: 350-359.
17
Ko, J.C., Payton, M.E., White, A.G., Galloway, D.S., Inoue, T. (2006) Effects of intravenous diazepam or microdose medetomidine on propofol-induced sedation in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 42: 18-27.
18
Lerche, P., Nolan, A., Reid, J. (2000) Comparative study of propofol or propofol. Vet Rec. 146: 571-574.
19
Mair, A.R., Pawson, P., Courcier, E., Flaherty, D. (2009). A comparison of the effects of two different doses of ketamine used for co‐induction of anaesthesia with a target‐controlled infusion of propofol in dogs. Vet Anesth Analg. 36: 532-538.
20
Mannarino, R., Luna, S.P., Monteiro, E.R., Beier, S.L., Castro, V.B. (2012) Minimum infusion rate and hemodynamic effects of propofol, propofol‐lidocaine and propofol‐lidocaine‐ketamine in dogs. Vet Anesth Analg. 39: 160-173.
21
Martinez-Taboada, F., Leece, E.A. (2014) Comparison of propofol with ketofol, a propofol-ketamine admixture, for induction of anaesthesia in healthy dogs. Vet Anesth Analg. 41: 575-582.
22
Muir, W., Gadawski, J. (1998) Respiratory depression and apnea induced by propofol in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 59: 157-161.
23
Rankin, D.C. (2015) Sedatives and Tranquilizers, In: Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. The Fifth Edition of Lumb and Jones. Grimm, K.A., Lamont, L.A., Tranquilli, W.J., Greene, S.A., Robertson, S.A. (eds.). John Wiley & Sons, Pondicherry, India, p. 196-207.
24
Riccó, C.H., Henao-Guerrero, N. (2014) Cardiovascular effects of orotracheal intubation following anesthetic induction with propofol, ketamine-propofol, or ketamine-diazepam in premedicated dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 244: 934-939.
25
Seliskar, A., Nemec, A., Roskar, T., Butinar, J. (2007) Total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol or propofol/ketamine in spontaneously breathing dogs premedicated with medetomidine. Vet Rec. 160: 85-91.
26
Smith, I., White, P.F., Nathanson, M., Gouldson, R. (1994) Propofol. An update on its clinical use. Anesthesiology. 81: 1005.
27
Smith, J., Gaynor, J., Bednarski, R., Muir, W. (1993) Adverse effects of administration of propofol with various preanesthetic regimens in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 202: 1111-1115.
28
Tweed, W., Minuck, M., Mymin, D. (1972) Circulatory responses to ketamine anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 37: 613-619.
29
Watkins, S., Hall, L., Clarke, K. (1987) Propofol as an intravenous anaesthetic agent in dogs. Vet Rec. 120: 326-329.
30
White, K.L., Shelton, K., Taylor, P.M. (2001) Comparison of diazepam-ketamine and thiopentone for induction of anaesthesia in healthy dogs. Vet Anesth Analg. 28: 42-48.
31
Wong, D.H., Jenkins, L.C. (1974) An experimental study of the mechanism of action of ketamine on the central nervous system. Can Anesth Soc J. 21: 57-67.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Dopamine- induced hypophagia is mediated via NMDA and mGlu1 receptors in chicken
Background: Feeding behavior is regulated by a complex network which interacts via diverse signals from central and peripheral tissues. It is known dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems have crucial role on food intake regulation but scarce reports exist on their interaction in appetite regulation in broilers. OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to examine the role of glutamatergic system on dopamine-induced hypophagia in neonatal meat-type chicken. METHODS: In experiment 1, chicks received ICV injection of control solution, dopamine (40 nmol), MK-801 (NMDA glutamate receptors antagonist, 15 nmol) and co-injection of dopamine + MK-801. In experiment 2, birds were ICV injected with saline, dopamine (40 nmol), CNQX (AMPA glutamate receptors antagonist, 390 nmol) and co-injection of dopamine + CNQX. In experiment 3, chicks received ICV injection of control solution, dopamine (40 nmol), AIDA (mGLUR1 glutamate receptors antagonist, 2 nmol), dopamine + AIDA. Experiments 4 and 5 were similar to experiment 3, except birds were injected with LY341495 (mGLUR2 glutamate receptors antagonist, 150 nmol) and UBP1112 (mGLUR3 glutamate receptors antagonist, 2 nmol) instead of AIDA. Then the cumulative food intake was measured until 120 min post injection. RESULTS: According to the results, ICV injection of dopamine significantly decreased food intake (p<0.001). Co-injection of dopamine and MK-801 decreased dopamine induced hypophagia (p<0.001). Moreover, the food intake of chicks was significantly increased by co-injection of AIDA and dopamine (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest dopamine-induced hypophagia is mediated via NMDA and mGlu1 receptors in chicken.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_58681_7baeccc7150b61da71ff6c3785c07d34.pdf
2016-09-01
191
199
10.22059/ijvm.2016.58681
chicken
dopamine
food intake
glutamate
Mohammadreza
Taherian
taherian@yahoo.com
1
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Baghbanzadeh
baghbanzadeh@yahoo.com
2
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, 14155-6453, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
morteza
zendehdel
zendedel@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Antunes, F., Nunes, C., Laranjinha, J., Cadenas, E. (2005) Redox interactions of nitric oxide with dopamine and its derivatives. Toxicol. 208: 207-212.
1
Baghbanzadeh, A., Babapour, V. (2007) Glutamate ionotropic and metabotropic receptors affect feed intake in broiler cockerels. J Vet Res. 62: 125-129.
2
Blevins, J.E., Stanley, B.G., Reidelberger, R.D. (2002) DMSO as a vehicle for central injections: tests with feeding elicited by norepinephrine injected into the paraventricular nucleus. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 71: 277-282.
3
Boswell, T. (2005) Regulation of energy balance in birds by the neuroendocrine hypothalamus. J Poult Sci. 42: 161-181.
4
Charles, J.R., Duva, M.A., Ramirez, G.J., Lara, R.L., Yang, C.R., Stanley, B.G. (2014) Activation of lateral hypothalamic mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptors elicits feeding in rats. Neuropharmacol. 79: 59-65.
5
Da Silva, A.A., Marino-Neto, J., Paschoalini, M.A. (2003) Feeding induced by microinjections of NMDA and AMPA-kainite receptor antagonists into ventral striatal and ventral pallidal areas of the pigeon. Brain Res. 966: 76-83.
6
Davis, J.L., Masuoka, D.T., Gerbrandt, L.K., Cherkin, A. (1979) Autoradiographic distribution of L-proline in chicks after intracerebral injection. Physiol Behav. 22: 693-695.
7
Denbow, D.M. (1994) Peripheral regulation of food intake in poultry. J Nutr. 124: 1349S-1354S.
8
Furuse, M. (2002) Central regulation of food intake in the neonatal chick. Anim Sci J. 73: 83-94.
9
Furuse, M., Ando, R., Bungo, T., Ao, R., ShimoJO, M., Masuda, Y. (1999) Intracerebroventricular injection of orexins does not stimulate food intake in neonatal chicks. Br Poult Sci. 40: 698-700.
10
Furuse, M., Matsumoto, M., Saito, N., Sugahara, K., Hasegawa, S. (1997) The central corticotropin-releasing factor and glucagon-like peptide-1 in food intake of the neonatal chick. Eur J Pharmacol. 339: 211-214.
11
Hassanpour, S., Zendehdel, M., Babapour, V., Charkhkar, S. (2015) Endocannabinoid and nitric oxide interaction mediates food intake in neonatal chicken. Br Poult Sci. 56: 443-451.
12
Hettes, S.R., Gonzaga, W.J., Heyming, T.W., Nguyen, J.K., Perez, S., Stanley, B.G. (2010) Stimulation of lateral hypothalamic AMPA receptors may induce feeding in rats. Brain Res. 1346: 112-120.
13
Irwin, N., Hunter, K., Frizzell, N., Flatt, P.R. (2008) Antidiabetic effects of sub-chronic administration of the cannabinoid receptor (CB1) antagonist, AM251, in obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 581: 226-233.
14
Jonaidi, H., Noori, Z. (2012) Neuropeptide Y-induced feeding is dependent on GABAA receptors in neonatal chicks. J Comp Physiol A. 198: 827-832.
15
Kuo, Dy. (2002) Co-administration of dopamine D1 and D2 agonists additively decreases daily food intake, body weight and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y level in rats. J Biomed Sci. 9: 126-32.
16
Ladepeche, L., Yang, L., Bouchet, D., Groc, L. (2013) Regulation of dopamine D1 receptor dynamics within the postsynaptic density of hippocampal glutamate synapses. PLoS ONE. 8: e74512.
17
Madhavan, A., Argilli, E., Bonci, A., Whistler, J.L. (2013) Loss of D2 dopamine receptor function modulates cocaine-induced glutamatergic synaptic potentiation in the ventral tegmental area. J Neurosci. 33: 12329-12336.
18
McFadden, K.L., Cornier, M.A., Tregellas, J.R. (2014) The role of alpha-7 nicotinic receptors in food intake behaviors. Frontiers In Psychol. 5: 1-7.
19
McMillen, B.A., Lommatzsch, C.L., Sayonh, M.J., Williams, H.L. (2013) Interactions of a dopamine D1 receptor agonist with glutamate NMDA receptor antagonists on the volitional consumption of ethanol by the mHEP rat. Pharmaceuticals. 6: 469-479.
20
Mikhailova, M.O. (2003) Comparison of changes in glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens of the rat brain during food consumption in conditions of blockade of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 33: 431-434.
21
Olanrewaju, H.A., Thaxton, J.P., Dozier, W.A., Purswell, J., Roush, W.B., Branton, S.L. (2006) A review of lighting programs for broiler production. Int J poult Sci. 5: 301-308.
22
Qi, W., Ding, D., Salvi, R.J. (2008) Cytotoxic effects of dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) on cochlear organotypic cultures. Hear Res. 236: 52-60.
23
Ricahrd, J.M., Berridge, K.C. (2011) Nucleus Accumbens dopamine/glutamate interaction switches modes to generate desire versus dread: D1 alone for appetitive eating but D1 and D2 together for fear. J Neurosci. 31: 12866-12879.
24
Saito, E.S., Kaiya, H., Tachibana, T., Tomonaga, S., Denbow, D.M., Kangawa, K., Furuse, M. (2005) Inhibitory effect of ghrelin on food intake is mediated by the corticotropin-releasing factor system in neonatal chicks. Regul Pept. 125: 201-208.
25
Salamone, A., Zappettini, S., Grilli, M., Olivero, G., Agostinho, P., Tomé, A.R., Chen, J., Pittaluga, A., Cunha, R.A., Marchi, M. (2014) Prolonged nicotine exposure down-regulates presynaptic NMDA receptors in dopaminergic terminals of the rat nucleus accumbens. Neuropharmacology. 79: 488-497.
26
Seyedali Mortezaei, S., Zendehdel, M., Babapour, V., Hasani, K. (2013) The role of glutamatergic and GABAergic systems on serotonin- induced feeding behavior in chicken. Vet Res Commun. 37: 303-310.
27
Stanley, B.G., Willett, V.L., Doniasm H.W., Dee, M.G., Duva, M.A. (1996) Lateral hypothalamic NMDA receptors and glutamate as physiological mediators of eating and weight control. Am J Physiol. 270: 443-449.
28
Taati, M., Nayebzadeh, H., Zendehdel, M. (2011) The effects of DLAP5 and glutamate on ghrelin-induced feeding behavior in 3- h food-deprived broiler cockerels. J Physiol Biochem. 67: 217-223.
29
Terry, P., Katz, J.L. (1992) Differential antagonism of the effects of dopamine D1-receptor agonists on feeding behavior in the rat. Physiopharmacology. 109: 403-409.
30
Van Tienhoven, A., Juhasz, L.P. (1962) The chicken telencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon in sterotaxic coordinates. J Comp Neurol. 118: 185-197.
31
Volkow, N.D., Wang, G.J., Baler, R.D. (2011) Reward, dopamine and the control of food intake: implications for obesity. Trends Cogn Sci. 15: 37-46.
32
Zendehdel, M., Baghbanzadeh, A., Babapour, V., Cheraghi, J. (2009) The effects of bicuculline and muscimol on glutamate-induced feeding behaviour in broiler cockerels. J Comp Physiol A. 195: 715-720.
33
Zendehdel, M., Hasani, K., Babapour, V., Seyedali Mortezaei, S., Khoshbakht, Y., Hassanpour, S. (2014a) Dopamine-induced hypophagia is mediated by D1 and 5HT-2c receptors in chicken. Vet Res Commun. 38: 11-19.
34
Zendehdel, M., Hassanpour, S. (2014) Ghrelin-induced hypophagia is mediated by the β2 adrenergic receptor in chicken. J Physiol Sci. 64: 383-391.
35
Zendehdel, M., Hassanpour, S. (2014b) Central regulation of food intake in mammals and birds: a review. Neurotransmitter. 1: 1-7.
36
Zendehdel, M., Taati, M., Jonaidi, H., Amini, E. (2012) The role of central 5-HT (2C) and NMDA receptors on LPS-induced feeding behavior in chickens. J Physiol Sci. 62: 413-419.
37
Zeni, L.A., Seidler, H.B., De Carvalho, N.A., Freitas, C.G., Marino-Neto, J., Paschoalini, M.A. (2000) Glutamatergic control of food intake in pigeons: effects of central injections of glutamate, NMDA, and AMPA receptor agonists and antagonists. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 65: 67-74.
38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Mechanical behavior measurement of the sheep small intestine using experimental tests
Background: There is no consistent data on the mechanical properties of sheep intestine. OBJECTIVES: We performed a series of biaxial strain measurement experiments and extracted the constitutive model to describe the mechanical characteristics of the sheep intestinal tissue. METHODS: Eleven specimens were obtained freshly from sacrificed sheep and the planar biaxial tests were performed on the tissue specimens by applying simultaneous loads along the circumfer-ential and longitudinal directions. Then the measured data were fitted into the anisotropic four-parameter Fung-type model and also to the modified Mooney-Rivlin model. RESULTS: The specimens showed some degree of anisotropy; the stiffer direction is not gener-ally predictable. Some of the specimens were stiffer in the circumferential direction, and the others in the longitudinal direction. However, the average results state the circumferential di-rection as the stiffer orientation. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that sheep intestine be-haves normally as a nonlinear anisotropic tissue which is well-characterized by the modified Mooney-Rivlin model.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_58682_81ca2a37b9faaf17f6a41385c7458828.pdf
2016-09-01
201
207
10.22059/ijvm.2016.58682
anisotropic constitutive model
fung-type model
nonlinear tissue
modify Mooney-Rivlin model
strain-energy function
Aisa
Rassoli
aisa.rassoli@gmail.com
1
Biological Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Biomechanics Department, Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Nasser
Fatouraee
nasser@aut.ac.ir
2
Biological Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Biomechanics Department, Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bathe, K.J. (1996) Finite Element Procedures, Englewood Cliffs. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
1
Bathe, K.J. (2007) Theory and Modeling Guide, Watertown, MA: ADINA and ADINA-F, ADINA R&D, Inc, Vol. I and II.
2
Bellini, C., Glass, P., Sitti, M., Di Martino, E.S. (2011) Biaxial mechanical modeling of the small intestine. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. p.1727-1740.
3
Chong, C., Hung, H., Steinhart, A., Trexler, J.( 2005) Design of a Biaxial Test Device for Compliant Tissue. Worcester Polytechnic Institute. 4: 3-44.
4
Egorov, V., Schastlivtsev, I., Prut, E., Baranov, A., Turusov, R.(2002) Mechanical properties of the human gastrointesti-nal tract. J Biomech. 35: 1417-1425.
5
Frøkjaer, J.B., Andersen, S.D., Drewes, A.M., Gregersen, H.(2006) Ultrasound-determined geometric and biomechanical properties of the human duodenum. Dig Dis Sci. 51: 1662-1669.
6
Fung, Y.C., Fronek, K., Patitucci, P. (1979) Pseudoelasticity of arteries and the choice of its mathematical expression. Am J Physiol. 237: 620-631.
7
Fung, Y.C. (1991) What are the residual stresses doing in our blood vessels?. Ann Biomed Eng. 19: 237-249.
8
Liao, D., Zhao, J., Gregersen, H. (2010) 3D mechanical properties of the partially obstructed guinea pig small intestine. J Biomech. 43: 2079-2086.
9
Munday, J.S, Brennan, M.M, Jaber, A.M, kiupel, M. (2006) Ovine intestinal adenocarcinomas: histologic and phenotypic comparison with human colon cancer. J Comp Med (Memphis). 56: 136-41.
10
Holzapfel, G.A., Eberlein, R., Wriggers, P., Weizsacker, H. (1996) Large strain analysis of soft biological membranes: Formulation and finite element analysis. Comput Method Appl M. 132: 45-61.
11
Holzapfel, G.A., Gasser, T.C., Ogden, R.W. (2000) A new constitutive framework for arterial wall mechanics and a comparative study of material models. J Elasticity. 61: 1-48.
12
Holzapfel, G.A., Gasser, T.C., Ogden, R.W. (2004) Comparison of a multi-layer structural model for arterial walls with a Fung-type model, and issues of material stability. J Biomech ENG-T Asme. 126: 264-275.
13
Holzapfel, G.A. (2005) Similarities between soft biological tissues and rubber like materials. In: Constitutive Models for Rubber IV, A.A. Balkema Publishers. P.-E., Keri, L. (eds.). Balkema, Leiden. The Netherlands. p. 607-617.
14
Holzapfel, G.A., Sommer, G., Regitnig, P. (2004) Anisotropic mechanical properties of tissue components in human ath-erosclerotic plaques. J Biomech ENG-T Asme. 126: 657-665.
15
Humphrey, J.D., Strumpf, R.K., Yin, F.C.P. (1990) Determination of a constitutive relation for passive myocardium: A New Functional Form. J Biomech ENG-T Asme. 112: 333-339.
16
Humphrey, J.D., Strumpf, R.K., Yin, F.C.P. (1990) Determination of a constitutive relation for passive myocardium: II. Parameter Estimation. J Biomech ENG-T Asme. 112: 340-346.
17
[19] Slatkin.(1999) Modeling and experiments for a class of robotic endoscopes. Ph.D. Thesis California Institute of Technology.
18
Sun, W., Sacks, M.S., Scott, M.J. (2003) Numerical simulations of the planar biaxial mechanical behavior of biological materials. Bioengineering Conference, Florida. p. 1-2.
19
Terry, B.S., Lyle, A.B., Schoen, J.A., Rentschler, M.E. (2010) Preliminary mechanical characterization of the small bowel for in vivo mobility. ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
20
Sokolis, D.P. (2012) Multiaxial mechanical behaviour of the passive ureteral wall: experimental study and mathematical characterisation. Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering. 15: 1145-1156.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Isolation, phenotypic and molecular characterization of motile Aeromonas species, the cause of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia in affected farmed carp in Iran
Background: Motile Aeromonas species cause heavymortalities in carp farms during spring and summer in Iran. Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect phenotypicand genotypic characterization of motile Aeromonas species isolated fromdiseased carps in some northern and southern provinces of Iran. Methods: A number of 40 samples from 22 fish farms werecollected. The identified motile Aeromonas species were sequenced andphylogenetic tree was drawn by MEGA6 using UPGMA analysis. Results: A number of 19 bacterial isolates wereidentified as motile Aeromonas sp. by biochemical tests, and the DNAsegments of 16S rRNA gene of all these strains gave 1200 bp after running on 1%agarose electrophorus gel. Also, the sequencing results showed that thebacterial samples were determined as A. hydrophila and A. veroniibiovar veronii. Conclusions: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that motile Aeromonasstrains in this study were separated in two clusters and four genogroups with high similarities
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_58683_6a2bd9946d09e8283411c94b45a59a14.pdf
2016-09-01
209
216
10.22059/ijvm.2016.58683
Farmed carp
Motile Aeromonas septicemia
16S rRNA gene
Mahdi
Soltani
msoltani@ut.ac.ir
1
1Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyedeh Mahsa
Moghimi
sm_moghimi@ut.ac.ir
2
PhD Candidate, Department of aquatic animal health, Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Hoseinali
Ebrahimzade Mousavi
hmosavi@ut.ac.ir
3
Full professor, Department of aquatic animal health, Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Kazem
Abdi
kazemabdy@yahoo.com
4
Assistant professor, Aquatic animal health expert, Directorate of health and control of aquatic animal diseases, Iranian veterinary organization
AUTHOR
Elahe
Soltani
elahe.soltani1374@gmail.com
5
Department of microbiology, faculty of science, university of Tehran
AUTHOR
Alishahi, M., Soltani, M., Zargar, A. (2009) Study of the mortality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in Khuzestan province. Iran Vet J. 4: 25-34.
1
Borrell, N., Acinas, S.G., Figueras, M.J., Martinez-Murcia, A.J. (1997) Identification of Aeromonas clinical isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes. J Clin Microbiol. 35: 1671-1674.
2
Brenner, D.J., Krieg, N.R., Staley, J.T. (2005) Bergey’s Manual of Sustematic Bacteriology (2nd ed.). Baltimore, USA.
3
Cagatay, I.T., Sen, E.B. (2014) Detection of pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in Turkey. Intl J Agric Biol. 16: 435-438.
4
Chu, W.H., Lu, C.P. (2005) Multiplex PCR assay for the detection of pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila. J Fish Dis. 28: 437-441.
5
Clarridge, J.E. (2004) Impact of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for identification of bacteria on clinical microbiology and infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 17: 840-862.
6
Garrity, G.M., Bell, J.A., Lilburn, T.G. (2004) Taxonomic Outline of the Prokaryotes. Bergey’s Nanual of Systematic Bacteriology. (2nd ed.). New York, USA.
7
Henebry, M.S., Gorden, R.W., Buck, D.H. (1988) Bacterial populations in the gut of the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Prog Fish Cult. 50: 86-92.
8
Hussain, I., Jeyasekaran, G., Shakila, R.J., Raj, K., Jeevithan, E. (2014) Detection of hemolytic strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria along with other Aeromonas spp. from fish and fishery products by multiplex PCR. J Food Sci Technol. 51: 401-407.
9
Leblanc, D., Mittal, K., Olivier, G., Lallier, R. (1981) Serogrouping of motile Aeromonas species isolated from healthy and moribund fish. Appl Environ Microb. 42: 56-60.
10
Oliveira, S.T., Veneroni-Gouveia, G., Costa, M.M. (2012) Molecular characterization of virulence factors in Aeromonas hydrophila obtained from fish. Pesquisa Vet Brasil. 32: 701-706.
11
Peyghan, R., Esmaili, F. (1997) Infection of the grass carp with the motile Aeromonas like microrganism. J Fish. 6: 1-8.
12
Popoff, M., VéEron, M. (1976) A taxonomic study of the Aeromonas hydrophila-Aeromonas punctata group. J Gen Microbiol. 94: 11-22.
13
Roy, R.P., Bahadur, M., Barat, S. (2013) Isolation, identification and Antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas spp. and Salmonella spp. from the fresh water loach, Lepidocephalichthys guntea and water of Terai River Lotchka, West Bengal, India. Zool Pol. 58: 5-17.
14
Sarkar, A., Saha, M., Roy, P. (2012) Identification and typing of Aeromonas Hydrophila through 16S rDNA-PCR finger printing. J Aquacult Res Dev. 3: 1-5.
15
Sechi, L.A., Deriu, A., Falchi, M.P., Fadda, G., Zanetti, S. (2002) Distribution of virulence genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from Sardinian waters and from patients with diarrhoea. J Appl Microbiol. 92: 221-227.
16
Soltani, M. (2002) Fish bacterial diseases. (1st ed.). Published by Iranian Veterinary Oraganization Press, Tehran, Iran.
17
Soltani, M., Mirzargar, S.S., Ebrahimzadeh Maboud, H. (1998) Occurrence of the Aeromonas septicemia in the ornamental fish, oscar (Astronotus ocellatus), isolation, characterization and pathogenicity. Iran J Vet Med. 53: 62-65.
18
Uma, A., Rebecca, G., Meena, S., Saravanabava, K. (2010) PCR detection of putative aerolysin and hemolysin genes in an Aeromonas hydrophila isolate from infected Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). Tamil J Vet Anim Sci. 6: 31-33.
19
Woo, P.T.K., Leatherland, J.F., Bruno, D.W. (2011). Fish Diseases and Disorders (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK.
20
Yogananth, N., Bhakyaraj, R., Chanthuru, A., Anbalagan, T., Nila, K.M. (2009) Detection of virulence gene in Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from fish samples using PCR technique. Global J Biotech Biochem. 4: 51-53.
21
Zamani, H., Ghasemi, M., Hosseini, S., Karsidani, S.H. (2014) Experimental susceptibility of Caspian white fish, Rutilus frisii kutum to Spring viraemia of carp virus. Virus Dis. 25: 57-62.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of rice husk as an insoluble dietary fiber source on intestinal morphology and Lactobacilli and Escherichia coli populations in broilers
Background: There are some reports on the positive effectsof dietary insoluble fiber on the performance of broilers. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine theeffect of inclusion rate and particle size of rice husk in the diet of broilerson the ileal and cecal bacteria populations and small intestine morphology. Methods: The experimental diets consisted of a control husk-free diet andfour diets containing 7.5 or 15 g/kg rice husk with particle sizes of less than1 mm or between 1-2 mm. Results:The dietary insoluble fiber did not affect feed intake of the experimentalgroups. The best body weight gain and feed conversion ratio was recorded in thebroiler chickens fed the diet containing 15g/kg rice hulls with particle sizeof less than 1 mm (p<0.05). In the duodenum and jejunum, the crypt depth tovilli height ratio in the control group was significantly lower than othergroups (p<0.05). In the ileum, all the birds fed rice husk except the groupfed the diet that contained 15g/kg rice husk with particle size of 1-2 mm,had higher Lactobacilli and lowerE. coli and coliforms populations than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest thatthe 7.5g/kg dietary inclusion and more coarse particles size of rice husk (1-2mm) were more effective to promote broiler growth performance. The positiveeffects of dietary insoluble fiber on the growth performance of broilers inthis study are probably a result of favorable changes in the bacteria populations of the gastrointestinal tract andnot any improvement in small intestine absorptive capacit
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_58684_6ec72126a3f2f5afd73027d0582dc94d.pdf
2016-09-01
217
224
10.22059/ijvm.2016.58684
Broilers
gut bacteria population
intestine morphology
Particle size
Rice Husk
Ali
Abazari
ali_abazari@yahoo.com
1
1Graduated from Department of Animal Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahman
Navidshad
bnavidshad@yahoo.com
2
2Department of Animal Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farzad
Mirzaei Aghjehgheshlagh
f_mirzaei@uma.ac.ir
3
2Department of Animal Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeid
Nikbin
saeidnikbin@yahoo.com
4
2Department of Animal Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
AUTHOR
AOAC International. (2000) Official Methods of Analysis. (18th ed.) AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
1
Baurhoo, B., Ruiz-Feria, C.A., Zhao, X. (2008) Purified lignin, nutritional and health impacts on farm animals - a review. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 144: 175-184.
2
Brashears, M.M., Jaroni, D., Trimble, J. (2003) Isolation, selection, and characterization of lactic acid bacteria for a competitive exclusion product to reduce shedding of Escherichia coli O157, H7 in cattle. J Food Prot. 66: 355-363.
3
Cao, B.H., Zhang, X.P., Guo, Y.M., Karasawa, Y., Kumao, T. (2003) Effects of dietary cellulose levels on growth, nitrogen utilization, retention time of diets in digestive tract and caecal microflora of chickens. Asian-Australas. J Anim Sci. 16: 863-866.
4
González-Alvarado, J.M., Jiménez-Moreno, E., González-Sánchez, D., Lázaro, R., Mateos, G.G. (2010) Effect of inclusion of oat hulls and sugar beet pulp in the diet on productive performance and digestive traits of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 162: 37-46.
5
Hampson, D.J. (1986) Alteration in piglet small intestine structure at weaning. Res Vet Sci. 40: 32-40.
6
Hetland, H., Svihus, B., Krögdahl, Å. (2003) Effects of oat hulls and wood shavings on digestion in broilers and layers fed diets based on whole or ground wheat. Br Poult Sci. 44: 275-282.
7
Hetland, H., Svihus, B. (2007) Inclusion of dust bathing materials affects nutrient digestion and gut physiology of layers. J Appl Poult Res. 16: 22-26.
8
Jamroz, D., Jacobsen, K., Orda, J., Skorupinska, J., Wiliczkiewicz, A. (2001) Development of the gastrointestinal tract and digestibility of dietary fibre and amino acids in young chickens, ducks and geese fed diets with high amounts of barley. Comp Biochem Physiol A. 130: 643-652.
9
Kim, Y.S., Ho, S.B (2010) Intestinal Goblet Cells and Mucins in Health and Disease: Recent Insights and Progress. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 12: 319-330.
10
Mateos, G.G., Jiménez-Moreno, E., Serrano, M.P., Lázaro, R.P. (2012) Poultry response to high levels of dietary fiber sources varying in physical and chemical characteristics. J Appl Poult Res. 21: 156-174.
11
Merck Microbiology Manual. (2012) 12th. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany.
12
Montagne, L., Pluske, J.R., Hampson, D.J. (2003) A review of interactions between dietary fibre and the intestinal mucosa, and their consequences on digestive health in young non-ruminant animals. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 108: 95-117.
13
Montagne, L., Piel, C., Lalles, J.P. (2004) Effect of diet on mucin kinetics and composition, nutrition and health implications. Nutr Rev. 62: 105-114.
14
Navidshad, B., Liang, J.B., Faseleh Jahromi, M., Akhlaghi, A., Abdullah, N. (2015) A comparison between a yeast cell wall extract (Bio-Mos®) and palm kernel expeller as mannan-oligosaccharides sources on the performance and ileal microbial population of broiler chickens. Ital J Anim Sci. 14: 3452.
15
Nelson, J.L., Alexander, J.W., Gianotti, L., Chalk, C.L., Pyles, T. (1994) Influence of dietary fiber on microbial growth in vitro and bacterial translocation after burn injury in mice. Nutrition. 10: 32-36.
16
O’Shea, E.F., Cotter, P.D., Stanton, C., Ross, R.P., Hil, C. (2012) Production of bioactive substances by intestinal bacteria as a basis for explaining probiotic mechanisms, bacteriocins and conjugated linoleic acid. Int J Food Microbiol. 152: 189-205.
17
Rezaei, M., Karimi Torshizi, M.A., Rouzbehan, Y. (2011a) Effect of dietary fiber on intestinal morphology and performance of broiler chickens. Anim Sci J Pajouhesh Sazandegi. (In Persian). 90: 52-60.
18
Rezaei, M., Karimi Torshizi, M.A., Rouzbehan, Y. (2011b) The influence of different levels of micronized insoluble fiber on broiler performance and litter moisture. Poult Sci. 90: 2008-2012.
19
Rezaei, M., Karimi Torshizi, M.A., Shariatmadari, F. (2014) Inclusion of processed rice hulls as insoluble fiber in the diet on performance and digestive traits of Japanese quails. J Anim Sci Adv. 4: 962-972.
20
Sackey, B.A., Mensah, P., Collison, E., Sakyi-Dawson, E. (2001) Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella and Escherichia coli in live and dressed poultry from metropolitan Accra. Int J Food Microbiol. 71: 21-28.
21
Sarikhan, M., Shahryar, H.A., Gholizadeh, B., Hosseinzadeh, M.H., Beheshti, B., Mahmoodnejad, A. (2010) Effects of insoluble fiber on growth performance, carcass traits and ileum morphological parameters on broiler chick males. Int J Agric Biol. 12: 531-536.
22
Senthil Kumar, P., Ramakrishnan, K., Dinesh Kirupha, S., Sivanesan, S. (2010) Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of cadmium adsorption from aqueous solution onto rice husk. Brazil J Chem Eng. 27: 347-355 .
23
Van Krimpen, M.M., Kwakkel, R.P., Van Peet-Schwering, C.M.C., Den Hartog, L.A. Verstegen, M.W.A. (2009) Effects of nutrient dilution and nonstarch polysaccharide concentration in rearing and laying diets on eating behavior and feather damage of rearing and laying hens. Poult Sci. 88: 759-773.
24
Van Soest, P.J. (1963) Use of detergents in the analysis of fibrous feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fiber and lignin. J Assoc Offic Agric Chem. 46: 829-835.
25
Wils-Plotz, E.L., Dilger, R.N. (2013) Combined dietary effects of supplemental threonine and purified fiber on growth performance and intestinal health of young chicks. Poult Sci. 92: 726-734.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of camphor on histomorphometric and histochemical parameters of testicular tissue in mice
Background: In traditional medicine of some Asian countries it is believed that camphor could act as a sexual depressant. However, limited studies have been published on this issue. OBJECTIVES: In the current study, effects of camphor on testes, sperm and serum factors, and roles of vitamin E as antioxidant in treatment of toxicity of camphor for testes were studied. METHODS: Fifty adult male mice (20-25 g) were categorized into five groups. Control group, two control sham groups received olive oil and combined vitamin E and olive oil respectively, and two treatment groups received camphor and combined camphor and vitamin E, respectively. Camphor with doses of 30 mg/kg/day and vitamin E with doses of 100 mg/kg/day were prepared. All substances were administered using gavage. After 35 days, blood was collected from the animal heart for serology and testosterone assessment. Sperms were collected and tissue samples were removed and fixed in Bouin and liquid nitrogen. Paraffin embedded and freezing sections were stained with H&E and specific stain and studied. RESULTS: Results showed a significant decrease in sperm count, average proportions of live and mature sperms and major testicular morphometric parameters (p>0.05). Although histochemical changes were seen, no changes were observed in serum testosterone in groups that received camphor. Vitamin E moderated toxicity of camphor in immature sperms, diameter of lumen and TDI index. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that camphor includes adverse effects on parameters of testes and sperm quality. Furthermore, vitamin E, as an antioxidant, can moderate toxicity of camphor.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_58685_da59bd40c951348eda25251b14cca564.pdf
2016-09-01
225
235
10.22059/ijvm.2016.58685
camphor
Histochemistry
mice
testis
vitamin E
Hasan
Morovvati
hmorovvati@ut.ac.ir
1
Division of Histology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
masoud
adibmoradi
adibmoradi@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of basic sciences ,faculty of veterinary medicin, university of tehran-Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Kalantari Hesari
kalantari.ali67@gmail.com
3
Division of Histology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ramin
Mazaheri Nezhad Fard
raminmazaheri@ut.ac.ir
4
Division of Food Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid Reza
Moradi
hmoradi20@yahoo.com
5
Division of Histology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Anczewski, W., Dodzuik, H., Ejchart, A. (2003) Manifestation of chiral recognition of camphor enantiomers by alphacyclodextrin in longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates of the corresponding 1:2 complexes anddetermination of the orientation of the guest inside the host capsule. Chirality. 15: 654-659.
1
Barzegari, F., Mirhosseini, M. (2012) Effect of persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum) on the morphological changes in mice testis and the level of hormone testostrone. Razi J Med Sci. 19: 18-24.
2
Budavari, S., O’Neil, M.J., Smith, A., Heckelman, P. E., Kinneary, J.F. (1996) The Merck index, an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biologicals. (12th ed.) Merck & Co. New Jersey, USA.
3
Carrion, Y., Ntinou, M., Badal, E., Olea europaea, L. (2010) In the north mediterranean basin during the pleniglacial and the early-middle Holocene. Quat Sci Rev. 29: 952-968.
4
Caserta, D., Maranghi, L., Mantovani, A., Marci, R., Maranghi, F., Moscarini, M. (2008) Impact of endocrine disruptor chemicals in gynaecology. Hum Reprod Update. 14: 59-72.
5
Chatterjie, N., Alexander, G.J. (1986) Anticonvulsant properties of spirohydantoins derived from optical isomers of camphor. Neurochem Res. 11: 1669-1676.
6
Durrer, S., Ehnes, C., Fuetsch, M., Maerkel, K., Schlumpf, M., Lichtensteiger, W. (2007) Estrogen sensitivity of target genes and expression of nuclear receptor co-regulators in rat prostate after pre-and postnatal exposure to the ultraviolet filter 4-methylbenzylidene camphor. Environ Health Perspect. 115: 42-50.
7
Ganesh, E., Chowdhury, A., Malarvani, T., Ashok-vardhan, N. (2012) Hepatoprotective effect of Vitamin- E & C in Albino rats. Int J Adv Lif Sci. 3: 21-26.
8
Gerald, G.B., Roger, K.F., Sumner, J.Y. (2002) Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. (6th ed.) Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Philadelphia, USA.
9
Goel, H.C., Singh, S., Adhikari, J.S., Rao, A.R. (1985) Radiomodifying effect of camphor on the spermatogonia of mice. Jpn J Exp Med. 55: 219-223.
10
Gomes-Carneiro, M.R., Elzenszwalb, I.F., Paumgartten, F.J. (1998) Mutagenicity testing (+/-)-camphor, 1, 8-cineole, citral, citronellal, (-)-menthol and terpineol with the Salmonella/microsome assay. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 416: 129-136.
11
Heneweer, M., Muusse, M., van-den-Berg, M., Sanderson, J.T. (2005) Additive estrogenic effects of mixtures of frequently used UV filters on pS2-gene transcription in MCF-7 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharm. 208: 170-177.
12
Hess, RA. (2003) Estrogen in the adult male reproductive tract: a review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 1: 1-14.
13
Jadhav, M.V., Sharma, R.C., Rathore, M., Gangawane, A.K. (2010) Effect of Cinnamomum camphora on human sperm motility and sperm viability. J Clin Res lett. 1: 1-10.
14
Jamshidzadeh, A., Sajedianfardb, J., Nekooeianc A.K., avakolia, F., Omranid, G.H. (2006) Effects of Camphor on Sexual Behaviors in Male Rats. Iran Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2: 209-214.
15
Janjua, N.R., Mogensen, B., Andersson, A.M., Petersen, J.H., Henriksen, M., Skakkebaek, N.E., Wulf, H.C. (2004) Systemic absorption of the sunscreens benzophenone-3, octylmethoxycinnamate, and 3-(4-methyl-benzylidene) camphor after whole-body topical application and reproductive hormone levels in humans. J Invest Dermatol. 123: 57-61.
16
Kalantari Hesari, A., Shahrooz, R., Ahmadi, A., Malekinejad, H., Saboory, E. (2015) Crocin prevention of anemia-induced changes in structural and functional parameters of mice testes. J Appl Biomed. 53: 213-223.
17
Kheradmand, A., Alirezaei, M., Dezfoulian, O. (2013) Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Rat Testes: Protective Effects of Betaine. Int J Pept Res Ther. 19: 337-344.
18
Koracevic, D., Koracevic, G., Djordjevic, V, Andrejevic, S., Cosic, V. (2001) Method for the measurement of anti oxidant activity in human fluids. J Clin Pathol. 54: 356-361.
19
Knezevic-Vukcevic, J., Vukovic-Gacic, B., Stevic, T., Stanojevic, J., Nikolic, B. Simic, D. (2006) Antimutagenic effect of essential oil of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and its fractions against uv-induced mutations in bacterial and yeast cells. Arch Biol Sci. 57: 163-172.
20
Koppel, C., Tenczer, J., Schirop, T., Ibe, K. (1982) Camphor poisoning - abuse of camphor as a stimulant. Arch Toxicol. 51: 101-106.
21
Lattanzi, A., Iannece, P., Vicinanza, A., Scettri, A. (2003) Renewable camphor-derived hydroperoxide: synthesis and use in the asymmetric epoxidation of allylic alcohols. Chem Commun. 12: 1440-1441.
22
Leuschner, J. (1997) Reproduction toxicity studies of D-camphor in rats and rabbits. Arzneimittel- Forschung. 47: 124-128.
23
Libelt, E.L., Shannon, M.W. (1993) Small doses, big problems: a selected review of highly toxic common medications. Pediatr Emerg Care. 9: 292-297.
24
Liu, C.H., Mishra, A.K., Tan, R.X., Tang, C., Yang, H., Shen, Y.F. (2006) Repellent and insecticidal activities of essential oils from Artemisia princeps and Cinnamomum camphora and their effect on seed germination of wheat and broad bean. Bioresour Technol. 97: 1969-1973.
25
Maerkel, K., Durrer, S., Henseler, M., Schlumpf, M., Lichtensteiger, W. (2007) Sexually dimorphic gene regulation in brain as a target for endocrine disrupters: Developmental exposure of rats to 4-methylbenzylidene camphor. Toxicol Appl Pharm. 218: 152-165.
26
Mokhtari, M., Sharifi, E., Moghadamnia, D. (2007) Effect of alcoholic extract of phoenix dactylifera spathe on histological change in testis and concentrations of LH, FSH and testosterone in male rat. IJBMS. 9: 265-271.
27
Najafizadeh, P., Dehghani, F., Panjeh-Shahin, M.R., Hamzei-Taj, S. (2013) The effect of a hydro-alcoholic extract of olive fruit on reproductive argons in male sprague-dawley rat. Iran J Reprod Med. 11: 293-300.
28
Nashev, L.G., Schuster, D., Laggner, C., Sodha, S., Langer, T., Wolber, G., Odermatt, A. (2010) The UV-filter benzophenone-1 inhibits 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3: Virtual screening as a strategy to identify potential endocrine disrupting chemicals. Biochem Pharmacol. 79: 1189-1199.
29
Nikravesh, M.R., Jalali, M. (2004) The effect of camphor on the male mice reproductive system. Urol J. 4: 268-272.
30
Owen, R., Mier, W., Giacosa, A., Hull, W., Spiegelhalder, B., Bartsch, H. (2000) Identification of lignans as major components in the phenolic fraction of olive oil. Clin Chem. 46: 976-988.
31
Park, T.J., Seo, H.K., Kang, B.J., Kim, K.T. (2001) Noncompetitive inhibition by camphor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Biochem Pharmacol. 61: 787-793.
32
Rabl, W., Katzgraber, F., Steinlechner, M. (1997) Camphor ingestion for abortion (case report). Forensic Sci Int. 89: 137-140.
33
Pereira, M.D.L., Rodrigues, N.V., Costa, F.G. (2012) Histomorphological evaluation of mice testis after co-exposure to lead and cadmium. Asian Pacific J Reprod. 1: 34-37.
34
Reynolds, J.E.F. (1996) Martindale, the extra pharmacopeia. (31st ed.) Royal pharmaceutical society. London, Uk.
35
Rezvanfar, M., Sadrkhanlou, R., Ahmadi, A., Shojaei-Sadee, H., Rezvanfar, M., Mohammadirad, A., Salehnia, A., Abdollahi, M. (2008) Protection of cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in reproductive tract histology, sperm characteristics, and DNA damage by an herbal source; evidence for role of free-radical toxic stress. Hum Exp Toxicol. 27: 901-910.
36
Rezvanfar, M., Shahverdi, A.R., Ahmadi, A., Baeeri, M., Mohammadirad, A., Abdollahi, M. (2013) Protection of cisplatin-induced spermatotoxicity, DNA damage and chromatin abnormality by selenium nano-particles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 266: 356-365.
37
Roberts, D., Veeramachaneni, D.R., Schlaff, W.D., Awoniyi, C.A. (2000) Effects of chronic dietary exposure to genistein, a phytoestrogen, during various stages of development on reproductive hormones and spermatogenesis in rats. Endocrine. 13: 281-286.
38
Saleha, Y.M.A. (2009) Evaluation of camphor mutagenicity in somatic cells of pregnant rats. Asian J Biotechnol. 1: 111-117.
39
Schlumpf. M., Schmid, P., Durrer, S., Conscience, M., Maerkel, K., Henseler, M., Gruetter, M., Herzog, I., Reolon, S., Ceccatelli, R., Faass, O., Stutz, E., Jarry, H., Wuttke, W., Lichtensteiger, W. (2004) Endocrine activity and developmental toxicity of cosmetic UV filters--an update. Toxicology. 205: 113-122.
40
Shahabi, S., Jorsaraei, S.G., Moghadamnia, A., Barghi, E., Zabihi, E., Golsorkhtabar-Amiri, M., Maliji, G., Sohan-Faraji, A., Abdi-Boora, M., Ghazinejad, N., Shamsai, H. (2013) The effect of camphor on sex hormones levels in rats. Cell J (Yakhteh). 16: 231-234.
41
Weber, K., Setchell, K., Stocco, D., Lephart, E. (2001) Dietary soy-phytoestrogens decrease testosterone levels and prostate weight without altering LH, prostate 5alpha-reductase or testicular steroidogenic acute regulatory peptide levels in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. J Endocrinol. 170: 591-599.
42
Wing, T.Y., Christensen, A.K. (1982) Morphometric studies on rat seminiferous tubules. Am J Anat. 165: 13-25.
43
Yu, S.C., Bochot, A., Bas, G.L., Chéron, M., Mahuteau, J., Grossiord, J.L., Seiller, M., Duchêne, D. (2003) Effect of camphor/cyclodextrin complexation on the stability of O/W/O multiple emulsions. Int J Pharm. 261: 1-8.
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anatomical study of the Iranian brown bear’s skull (Ursus arctos): A case report
\The Brown bear (Ursusarctos) is a species at risk of extinction. It is considered the largestcarnivore and lives in northern Iran. Several studies on the structure of skullhave been accomplished in differentanimals. The aim of this study was the inscription of gross anatomicalcharacteristics of skulls of three Iranian adult male brown bears that weretransferred to the Anatomical Departmentof the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Semnan University. After processing,that included cleaning, degreasing and bleaching, skulls were studied from thedorsal or frontal, ventral, lateral, rostral, caudal and medial views. Thefacial part of the brown bear’s skull from dorsal view was small and thecranium was seen quadrilateral and larger than the dogs. The facial part oflacrimal bone and also the optic groove of presphenoid were absent. There wasnot articulation between maxillary and nasal bones. The interincisive canal waspresent and situated inter palatine processes of incisive bones. The orbitalcavity was small in brown bear. Lacrimal canal was formed by lacrimal andmaxillary bones. The interparietal bone and external sagittal crest in brownbear were seen as being shorter than the dogs. Tympanic bulla was very smalland jugular foramen rounded. The external acoustic meatus was formed bysquamous and tympanic part of temporal bone. In conclusion, the brown bear’sskull has different important macroscopic characteristics compared to othercarnivores
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_58686_d97fd9c1490f99afe25c9d0b8c134767.pdf
2016-09-01
237
244
10.22059/ijvm.2016.58686
Anatomy
brown bear
skull
Mohammad Hasan
Yousefi
myousefi@semnan.ac.ir
1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Atalar, O., Ustundag, Y., Yaman, M., Ozdemir, D. (2009) Comparative anatomy of the neurocranium in some wild carnivore. J Anim Vet Adv. 8: 1542-1544.
1
Dyce, K.M., Sack, W.O., Wensing, C.J.G., (2010) Text Book of Veterinary Anatomy. (4th ed.) W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, London, Toronto, Montreal, Sydney, Tokyo.
2
Ebrahimi, M., Hosseinizavarei, F., Rajabzadeh, M., Ghafari, H., Ghelichpour, M., Mobaraki, A., Nezami, B. (2011) Iranian wildlife encychopedia. (3rd ed.) Tehran Golden Publisher. Tehran, Iran.
3
Evans, H.E., Christensen, G.C. (1964) Miller’s Anatomy of the Dog. Publ., W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.
4
Getty, R. (1977) Sisson and Grossmans. The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. (5th ed.) W.B. Saunders. Philadelphia, London, Toronto.
5
He, T., Friede, H., Kiliaridis S. (2002) Macroscopic and roentgenographic anatomy of the skull of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo), Laboratory Animals Ltd. Laboratory Animals. 3: 86-96.
6
Mihaylov, R., Dimitrov, R., Raichev, E., Kostov, D., Stamatova-Yiovcheva, K., Zlatanova, D., Bivolarski, B. (2013) Morphometrical Features Of the head Skeleton In Brown (Ursus arctos) in Bulgaria. Bulgarian J Agric Sci. 19: 331-337.
7
Miller, M.S., Christensen, G.C., Evans, H.E., (1964) The skeletal system, skull. In Anatomy of Dog. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA. p. 6-49.
8
Movahhedi, N., Kemi, H., Shajiei, H. (2014) The study of skull of mammal carnivorous in Golestan state of Iran. Iran J Anim Biol. 6: 81-89.
9
Nezami, B., Eagdari, S. (2014) Allometric Growth Pattern of Skull on Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) of the Alborz Mountain. J Appl Biol Sci. 8: 52-58.
10
Nickel, R., Schummer, A., Seiferle, E. (1986) The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. Vol. 1: The Locomotor System. Verlag Paul Parey. Springer Verlag. Berlin and Hamburg, Germany.
11
Petrov, I., Gerassimov, S., Nikolov, H. (1990) Metric characteristics and sexual dimorphism of cranial sighnsin Wild cat (Felis silvesris Schreber 1777) (Mammalia,Felidae) from Bulgaria. Acta Zool Bulg. 40: 44-54.
12
Sarma, K., Nasiruddulah, N., Islam, S. (2001) Anatomy of the skull of leopard cat (Felis bengalencis). Indian J Anim Sci. 71: 1011-1013.
13
Sarma, K. (2006) Morphological and craniometrical studies on the skull of Kagani Goat (Capra hircus) of Jammu Region. Int J Morphol. 24: 449-455.
14
Tiwari, Y., Taluja, J.S., Vaish, R. (2011) Biometry of Mandible in Tiger (Panthera tigris). Ann Rev Res Biol. 1: 14-21.
15
Singh, I. (1997) Anatomical study on the skull of tiger. Indian J Anim Sci. 67: 777- 778.
16
Yamaguchi, N., Kitchener, A., Gilissen, E., MacDonald, D. (2009) Brian size of lion (Panthera leo) and tiger (P.tigris): implications for intragenic phylogeny, intraspecific differences and the effects of captivity. Biol J Linn Soc Lond. 98: 85-93.
17