ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The hydrophilic proteins of lung surfactant as a prognostic marker in experimental pneumonia
Abstract BACKGROUND: SP-A and SP-D are hydrophilic proteins which regulate the inflammatory response of the lung. Pasteurella multocida is one of the most common bacteria isolated from calves suffering from shipping fever pneumonia, one of the most problems in dairy herds. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of surfactant content may provide a valuable diagnostic tool for detection of calf pneumonia due to Pasteurella multocida and also state of treatment. METHODS: Ten Holstein-Frisian bull calves aged 4 months with body weight of 120 ± 5 kg were selected for study in two groups. The Pasteurella multocida (PMC66 Razi) was used in the present study for inducing pneumonia. The Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) process was done in selected calves. BAL fluid was collected and centrifuged and finally the sediment (crude surfactant) was reserved at -20˚C.The cytological evaluation and surfactant content was assayed by ELISA, TPL kit assay and HPLC. RESULTS: The serum levels of SP-A and SP-D in pneumonic group were significantly elevated. Although the increased Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) level of SP-A in pneumonic cases was found as compared with the control animals, but the statistical analysis didn't show any significant differences between two groups. The level of SP-D in BALF of pneumonic group significantly elevated. The amount of Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in pneumonic group decreased significantly in comparison control group. CONCLUSION: Pasteurella inducing pulmonary can changed the major component of lung surfactant which evaluation of these markers can be helpful as an appropriate tool in diagnostic state of pneumonia and healing.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_60249_6ce4ae1980d5f8e5cd6818667462041b.pdf
2017-01-01
1
8
10.22059/ijvm.2017.60249
Biomarker
phospholipids
Pneumonia
proteins
surfactant
Mohammad Reza
Mokhber Dezfouli
mokhberd4@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Zohre
Eftekhari
z_eftekhari.vet@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Research and Development, Research and Production Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Masoomeh
Heidari Sureshjani
heidari_m90@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Mehdi
Dehghan
mdehghan@ut.ac.ir
4
Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Masood
Dousti
ma.doosti@yahoo.com
5
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ainsworth, S., Milligan, D. (2002) Surfactant therapy for respiratory distress syndrome in premature neonates. Am J Respir Med. 1: 417- 433.##
1
Atochina, E., Beck, J., Scanlon,T., Preston, M., Beers, M. (2001) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia alters expression and distribution of lung collectins SP-A and SP-D. J Lab Clin Med. 137: 429-439.##
2
Brogden, K. (1991) Changes in pulmonary surfactant during bacterial pneumonia. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 59: 215-23.##
3
Crouch, E., Wright, J. (2001) Surfactant proteins A and D and pulmonary host defense. Ann Rev Physiol. 63: 521- 524.##
4
Dowling, A., Hodgson, J.C., Schock, A., Donachie, W., Eckersall, P.D., McKendrick, I.J. (2002) Experimental induction of pneumonic pasteurellosis in calves by intratracheal infection with Pasteurella multocidabiotype A: 3. Res Vet Sci. 73: 37-44.##
5
Hartl, D., Griese, M. (2006) Surfactant protein D in human lung diseases. Eur J Clin Invest. 36: 423-435,
6
Hitomi, S., Yoshio, K. (2005) The lung collectins, SP-A and SP-D, modulate pulmonary innate immunity. Mol Immunol. 42: 279-287.##
7
Janssen, R., Sato, H., Grutters, J., Bernard, A., Velzen-Blad, H., du Bois, R. (2003) Study of Clara cell 16, KL-6, and surfactant protein-D in serum as disease markers in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Chest. 124: 2119-2125.##
8
Jobe, A., & Ikegami, M. (2001) Biology of surfactant. Clin Perinatol. 28: 655-669.
9
Khubchandani, K., Snyder, J. (2001) Surfactant protein A (SP-A): the alveolus and beyond. FASEB J. 15: 59-69.##
10
Kuhnert, P., Christensen, H. (2008) Pasteurellaceae: Biology, Genomics and Molecular Aspects. Caister Academic Press. Norfolk, UK.##
11
Kunitake, R., Kuwano, K., Yoshida, K., Maeyama, T., Kawasaki, M., Hagimoto, N., Hara, N. (2001) KL-6, surfactant protein A and D in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Respiration. 68: 488-95. ##
12
Lewis, J., Veldhuizen, R. (2004) The role of surfactant in the pathophysiology of acute lung injury. Appl cardiac pathol. 13: 53.##
13
Madan, T., Saxena, S., Murthy, K.J., Muralidhar, K., Sarma, P.U. (2002) Association of polymorphisms in the collagen region of human SP-A1 and SP-A2 genes with pulmonary tuberculosis in Indian population. Clin Chem Lab Med. 40: 1002-1008. ##
14
Phelps, D.S. (2001) Surfactant regulation of host defense function in the lung: a question of balance. Pediatr Pathol Mol Med. 20: 269.##
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19
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22
Shu, L.H., Shang,Y.X., Cai, X.X., Zong, Z.H., Meng, X.N., Zhang, H., Wang, Z.J., Dai, B. (2013) Alterations of SP-A, SP-D and KL-6 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Zhonghua er ke za zhi. 51: 779-782.##
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27
Wright, J.R. (2004) Host defense functions of pulmonary surfactant. Biol Neonate. 85: 326-332.##
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular Characterization of canine parvovirus (CPV) antigenic variants from healthy and diarrheic dogs in Urmia region, Iran
Backgrounds: Canine parvovirus (CPV) has been incriminated as a primary pathogen related to acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs. Three major antigenic variants of CPV (CPV-2a/2b/2c) have so far been identified. Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the frequency of CPV-2 and its variants (CPV-2a/2b/2c) in a population of healthy and diarrheic dogs in the north west of Iran. Methods: A total of 35 stool samples from healthy (n=16) and diarrheic (n=19) dogs were screened for all variants (2a, 2b, and 2c) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primer pair 555for/555rev resulting in a PCR product of 583 bp in length. The resulting fragments were further digested by MboII endonuclease that selectively recognizes the restriction site “GAAGA” unique to CPV2c only. All undigested samples were subjected to PCR assays with primer pair Pab (which detects both CPV-2a and CPV-2b types) and primer pair Pb (which detect only CPV-2b type) primer pairs. The relationship of health status, breed, age, sex and vaccination status with PCR results were analyzed using statistical tests. Results: From a total of 35 samples, 10 samples were found to be positive by 555for/555rev primers that were further analyzed by MboII digestion of PCR products. One sample was characterized as CPV-2c and nine samples were categorized as CPV-2a or CPV-2b. All nine undigested samples resulted positive by PCR using Pab primers, out of which 7 resulted positive by PCR using Pb primer pairs, indicating that they are of CPV-2b variant. Conclusions: It seems that CPV-2b is prevalent variant circulating in the North West of Iran. Results also indicated that CPV-2a and CPV-2c are affecting dogs, suggests constant surveillance and monitoring of CPV variants.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_60676_167671ad1e940665de2c36f3ed6bfa8a.pdf
2017-01-01
9
19
10.22059/ijvm.2017.60676
antigenic variants
canine parvovirus
Dog
PCR-RFLP
sequencing
Habib
Dastmalchi Saei
hdsaei561@gmail.com
1
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shahram
Javadi
s.javadi@urmia.ac.ir
2
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahla
Akbari
akbari.shahla2013@gmail.com
3
Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Narjes
Hadian
n.hadian90@yahoo.com
4
Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Edris
Zarza
edris.zarza@yahoo.com
5
Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Buonavoglia, C., Martella, V., Pratelli, A., Tempesta, M., Cavalli, A., Buonavoglia, D., Bozzo, G., Elia, G., Decaro, N., Carmichael, L. (2001) Evidence for evolution of canine parvovirus type 2 in Italy. J Gen Virol. 82: 3021-3025.##
1
Carmichael, L.E. (2005) An annotated historical account of canine parvovirus. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 52: 303-311.##
2
Decaro, N., Buonavoglia, C. (2012) Canine parvovirus--a review of epidemiological and diagnostic aspects, with emphasis on type 2c. Vet Microbiol. 155: 1-12.##
3
Decaro, N., Campolo, M., Desario, C., Elia, G., Martella, V., Lorusso, E., Buonavoglia, C. (2005a) Maternally-derived antibodies in pups and protection from canine parvovirus infection. Biologicals. 33: 261-267.##
4
Decaro, N., Desario, C., Addie, D.D., Martella, V., Vieira, M.J., Elia, G., Zicola, A., Davis, C., Thompson, G., Thiry, E., Truyen, U, Buonavoglia, C. (2007) The study molecular epidemiology of canine parvovirus, Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 13: 1222-1224.##
5
Decaro, N., Desario, C., Billi, M., Mari, V., Elia, G., Cavalli, A., Martella, V., Buonavoglia, C. (2011) Western European epidemiological survey for parvovirus and coronavirus infections in dogs. Vet J. 187: 195-199.##
6
Decaro, N., Elia, G., Campolo, M., Desario, C., Lucente, M.S., Bellacicco, A.L., Buonavoglia, C. (2005b) New approaches for the molecular characterization of canine parvovirus type 2 strains. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 52: 316-319.##
7
Decaro, N., Elia, G., Martella, V., Desario, C., Campolo, M., Trani, L.D., Tarsitano, E., Tempesta, M., Buonavoglia, C. (2005c) A real-time PCR assay for rapid detection and quantitation of canine parvovirus type 2 in the feces of dogs. Vet Microbiol. 105: 19-28.##
8
Demeter, Z., Palade, E.A., Soos, T., Farsang, A., Jakab, C., Rusvai, M. (2010) Misleading results of the MboII-based identification of type 2a canine parvovirus strains from Hungary reacting as type 2c strains. Virus Genes. 41: 37-42.##
9
Desario, C., Decaro, N., Campolo, M., Cavalli, A., Cirone, F., Elia, G., Martella, V., Lorusso, E., Camero, M., Buonavoglia, C. (2005) Canine parvovirus infection: which diagnostic test for virus? J Virol Methods. 126: 179-185.##
10
Firoozjaii, H.A., Shoorijeh, S.J., Mohammadi, A., Tamadon, A. (2011) Characterization of Iranian isolates of canine parvovirus in fecal samples using polymerase chain reaction assay. Iran J Biotechnol. 9: 63-68.##
11
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12
Hemmatzadeh, F., Jamshidi, S. (2002) First reportof isolation of canine parvovirus in Iran. Journal of Veterinary Research, University of Tehran. 57: 33-35.##
13
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14
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15
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18
Mohyedini, S., Jamshidi, S., Rafati, S., Nikbakht, G.R., Malmasi, A., Taslimi, Y., Akbarein, H. (2013) Comparison of immunochromatographic rapid test with molecular method in diagnosis of canine parvovirus. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 7: 57-61.##
19
Muz, D., Oguzoglu, T.C., Timurkan, M.O., Akin, H. (2012) Characterization of the partial VP2 gene region of canine parvoviruses in domestic cats from Turkey. Virus Genes. 44: 301-308.##
20
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21
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22
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24
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Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., Kumar, S. (2013) MEGA6: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol. 30: 2725-2729.##
30
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31
Timurkan, M., Oguzoglu, T. (2015) Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus (CPV) infection in dogs in Turkey. Vet Ital. 51: 39-44.##
32
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33
Truyen, U. (2006) Evolution of canine parvovirus-A need for new vaccines? Vet Microbiol. 117: 9-13.##
34
Vakili, N., Mosallanejad, B., Avizeh, R., Seyfiabad Shapouri, M.R., Pourmahdi, M. (2014) A comparison between PCR and Immunochromatography assay (ICA) in diagnosis of hemorrhagic gastroenteritis caused by Canine parvovirus. Arch Razi Inst. 69: 27-33.##
35
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36
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37
Yi, L., Tong, M., Cheng, Y., Song, W., Cheng, S. (2014) Phylogenetic analysis of canine parvovirus VP2 gene in China. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2016 Apr; 63(2):e262-9. doi: 10.1111/tbed.12268. Epub 2014 Sep 11.##
38
Zhong, Z., Liang, L., Zhao, J., Xu, X., Cao, X., Liu, X., Zhou, Z., Ren, Z., Shen, L., Geng, Y., Gu, X., Peng, G. (2014) First isolation of new canine parvovirus 2a from Tibetan mastiff and global analysis of the full-length VP2 gene of canine parvoviruses 2 in China. Int J Mol Sci. 15: 12166-12187.##
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fasciola gigantica of Ruminants: The phylogenetic analysis based on COX1 sequences
BACKGROUND: Fasciola species are parasitic trematode with world wide distribution that infects wild and domesticated herbivores, particularly ruminants. The aim of the present study was to investigate the intra species variations of F. gigantica, from goats and buffalos isolates in two common geographic climates of Iran. METHODS: Fasciola species were collected from goat, buffalo, sheep, and cattle in different regions. Cytochrome c oxidase I (COX1) of mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) was amplified from individual trematodes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using universal primers, and the amplicons were consequently sequenced and sequencing data were analyzed, using Clutal W software against the GenBank database. RESULTS: A monomorphic DNA segment of approximately 499bp was seen in Fasciola isolates. The results of the amino acid sequence alignment defined strictly conserved amino acid residues in buffalo isolates of F. gigantica and partially conserved residues for goat isolates of F. gigantica. There are four tandem amino-acid replacements in the goat isolates at the position of 135-138, where Leucine (L), F (Phenylalanine), T (Threonine), and D (Aspartate) sequences changed into S (Serine), L (Leucine), H (Histidine), and L (Leucine), respectively. Furthermore, a replacement in the sequence of amino acid was found in isolates from buffalo at the position of 154, where Serine (S) was transformed into Leucine (L). CONCLOUSION: The findings our study indicate that the variants of goat and buffalo can be responsible for persistence of Fasciola infection in the endemic areas of Iran. It seems that biological differences could be occurred by considering a variety of F. gigantica-hosts in Iran. Thus, suitable approaches are required for effective treatments and useful control strategies.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_60347_6a1f28c949572b82b6778d4873d32c2d.pdf
2017-01-01
21
29
10.22059/ijvm.2017.60347
COX1
Fasciola gigantica
phylogenetic
Ruminants
Sequence
Behnam
Meshgi
bmeshgi@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran-Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zahra
Jahani
zjahani@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran-Iran
AUTHOR
Narges
Amininia
namininia@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran-Iran
AUTHOR
Agatsuma, T., Arakawa, Y., Iwagami, M., Honzako, Y., Cahyaningsih, U., Kang, S.Y., Hong, S.J. (2000) Molecular evidence of natural hybridization between Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Parasitol Int. 49: 231-238. ##
1
Amer, S., Dar, Y., Ichikawa, M., Fukuda, Y., Tada, C., Itagaki, T., Nakai, Y. (2011) Identification of Fasciola species isolated from Egypt based on sequence analysis of genomic (ITS1 and ITS2) and mitochondrial (NDI and COI) gene markers. Parasitol Int. 60: 5-12.##
2
Amor, N., Halajian, A., Farjallah, S., Merella, P., Said, K., Slimane, B.B. (2011) Molecular characterization of Fasciola spp. from the endemic area of northern Iran based on nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Exp Parasitol. 128: 196-204.##
3
Ashrafi, K., Massoud, J., Holakuei Naieni, K., Mahmoodi, M., Jo-Afshani, M.A., Valero, M.A., Fuentes, M.V., Khoubbane, M., Artigas, P., Bargues, M.D., Mas-Coma, S. (2004) Evidence suggesting that Fasciola gigantica might be the most prevalent causal agent of fascioliasis in the endemin province of Guilan, northern Iran. Iran J Public Health. 33: 31-37. ##
4
Ashrafi, K., Valero, M.A., Panova, M., Periago, M.V., Massoud, J., Mas-Coma, S. (2006) Phenotypic analysis of adult of Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola gigantica and intermediate forms from the endemic region of Guilan, Iran. Parasitol Int. 55: 249-260. ##
5
Choi, I.W., Kim, H.Y., Quan, J.H., Ryu, J.G., Sun, R., Lee, Y.H. (2015) Monitoring of Fasciola species contamination in water dropwort by COX I mitochondrial and ITS-2 rDNA sequencing analysis. Korean J Parasitol. 53: 641-645.##
6
Cwiklinski, K., Allen, K., LaCourse, J., Williams, D.J., Paterson, S., Hodgkinson, J.E. (2015) Characterisation of a novel panel of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, using a next generation sequencing approach. Infect Genet Evol. 32: 298-304.##
7
Eslami, A., Hosseini, S.H., Meshgi, B. (2009) Animal Fasciolosis in North of Iran. Iran J Pub Health. 38: 132-135.##
8
Eslami, A., Ranjbar-Bahadori, Sh., Eskandari, A., Sedaghet, R. (2004) Prevalence and pathology of camel fasciolosis in Iran. J Vet Res, University of Tehran. 58: 97-100. ##
9
Farjallah, S., Ben-Slimane, B., Piras, C.M., Amor, N., Garippa, G., Merella, P. (2013) Molecular characterization of Fasciola hepatica from Sardinia based on sequence analysis of genomic and mitochondrial gene markers. Exp Parasitol. 135: 471-478. ##
10
Furst, T., Keiser, J., Utzinger, J. (2012) Global burden of human food-borne trematodiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 12: 210-221. ##
11
Huang, W.Y., He, B., Wang, C.R., Zhu, X.Q. (2004) Characterization of Fasciola species from Mainland China by ITS2 ribosomal DNA sequence. Vet Parasitol. 120: 75-83.##
12
Hosseini, S. H., Meshgi, B., Abbassi, A., Eslami, A. (2012) Animal fascioliasis in coastal regions of the Caspian Sea, Iran. Iran J Vet Res. 13: 64-67.##
13
Itagaki, T., Kikawa, M., Sakaguchi, K., Shimo, J., Terasaki, K., Shibahara, T., Fukuda, K. (2005) Genetic characterization of parthenogenic Fasciola sp. in Japan on the basis of the sequences of ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA. Parasitology. 131:679-685.##
14
Liu, G.H., Gasser, R.B., Young, N.D., Song, H.Q., Ai, L., Zhu, X.Q. (2014) Complete mitochondrial genomes of the ‘intermediate form’ of Fasciola and Fasciola gigantica, and their comparison with F. hepatica. Parasit Vectors. 31: 150. ##
15
Meshgi, B., Eslami, A., Shayan, P. (2007) Evaluation of Dot-ELISA for serodiagnosis of fasiolosis in naturally infected sheep. J Appl Anim Res. 31: 89-91. ##
16
Moazeni, M., Sharifiyazdi, H., Izadpanah, A. (2012) Characterization of Fasciola hepatica genotypes from cattle and sheep in Iran using cytochrome C oxidase gene (CO1). Parasitol Res. 110: 2379-2384.##
17
Semyenova, S.K., Morozova, E.V., Chrisanfova, G.G., Gorokhov, V.V., Arkhipov, I.A., Moskvin, A.S., Movsessyan, S.O., Ryskov, A.P. (2006) Genetic differentiation in eastern European and western Asian populations of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, as revealed by mitochondrial NDI and COI genes. J Parasitol. 92: 525-530.##
18
Sharifiyazdi, H., Moazeni, M., Rabbani, F. (2011) Molecular characterization of human Fasciola samples in Guilan province, Northern Iran on the basis of DNA sequences of ribosomal and mitochondrial genes. Comp Clin Pathol. 10: 1193-1198. ##
19
Zhao, G.H., Li, J., Mo, X.H., Li, X.Y., Lin, R.Q., Zou, F.C., Weng, Y.B., Song, H.Q., Zhu, X.Q. (2012) The second transcribed spacer rDNA sequence: an effective genetic marker for inter-species phylogenetic analysis of trematodes in the order Strigeata. Parasitol Res. 10: 210-215. ##
20
Zhao, G.H., Mo, X.H., Zou, F.C., Li, J., Weng, Y.B., Lin, R.Q., Xia, C.M., Zhu, X.Q. (2009) Genetic variability among Schistosoma japonicum isolates from different endemic regions in China revealed by sequences of three mitochondrial DNA genes. Vet Parasitol. 162: 67-74. ##
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation and in vitro evaluation of a novel chitosan-based hydrogel for injectable delivery of enrofloxacin
BACKGROUND: The development of injectable sustained-release products are of great interest to veterinary pharmaceuticals and animal health business. Recently, great attention has been paid to in situ gel-forming chitosan/beta-glycerophosphate (chitosan/β-GP) solutions due to their good biodegradability and thermosensitivity. OBJECTIVES: The general aim of this study was to prepare a novel in situ gel-forming drug delivery system with a sustained release profile for enrofloxacin. METHODS: Chitosan, β-GP and enrofloxacin were used in different concentrations and six formulations of chitosan/β-GP were prepared. The properties of the hydrogels including the pattern of drug release, gelation time, syringeability, morphology, FTIR spectra, and in vitro antimicrobial activity were evaluated. RESULTS: The release rate of enrofloxacin from the hydrogels and syringeability of the final solutions were decreased by increasing in β-GP and chitosan concentrations. All formulations could release the drug up to 120 hours but formulation 1 (chitosan-2%, β-GP-5% and enrofloxacin-1%) gave the best results based on its optimal drug release profile and viscosity. The FTIR studies showed that there were no interactions between enrofloxacin and hydrogel excipients. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the formed gel had a continuous texture, while the swelled gel in phosphate buffer had a porous structure. Microbiological tests revealed high bactericidal activities for this enrofloxacin- loaded hydrogel which were comparable to those of positive control (enrofloxacin suspension) in terms of inhibition zone, MIC and MBC values. CONCLUSION: Because of simple preparation and sustained release profile of the drug, this hydrogel could be a promising delivery system for enrofloxacin in animals.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_60305_ddd81bbc2d4239925cf8fdd9281bfa50.pdf
2017-01-01
31
47
10.22059/ijvm.2017.60305
beta-glycerophosphate
Chitosan
enrofloxacin
hydrogel
sustained release
Sakineh
Khanamani Falahatipour
falahatipour@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Rasooli
arasooli@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yalda
Hosseinzadeh Ardakani
yh-ardakani@tums.ac.ir
3
.Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamid
Akbari Javar
hamidakbari44@hahoo.com
4
Associate Prof. Dept Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Katayoun
Kiani
kiani@ut.ac.ir
5
Dept Pharmacology, Faculty of Vet Med, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Taghi
Zahraee Salehi
tzahraee@ut.ac.ir
6
Prof. and Head of Dept Microbiology, Faculty of Vet Med, University ofTehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Anadon, A., Martinez-Larra aga, M.R., Diaz, M.J., Fernandez-Cruz, M.L., Martinez, M.A., Frejo, M.T., Martínez, M., Iturbe, J., Tafur, M. (1999) Pharmacokinetic variables and tissue residues of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in healthy pigs. Am J Vet Res. 60: 1377-1382.##
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Li, C., Ren, S., Dai, Y., Tian, F., Wang, X., Zhou, S, Deng, S., Liu, Q., Zhao, J., Chen, X. (2014) Efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution of thermosensitive chitosan/β-glycerophosphate hydrogel loaded with docetaxel. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech. 15: 417-424.##
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Qiu, X., Yang, Y., Wang, L., Lu, S., Shao, Z., Chen, X. (2011) Synergistic interactions during thermosensitive chitosan-β-glycerophosphate hydrogel formation. RSC Advances. 1: 282-289.##
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Ranjha, N.M. Qureshi, U.F. (2014) Preparation and characterization of crosslinked acrylic acid/hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose hydrogels for drug delivery. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 6: 400-410.##
29
Ruel-Gariépy, E., Shive, M., Bichara, A., Berrada, M., Le Garrec, D., Chenite, A., Leroux, J. C. (2004) A thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogel for the local delivery of paclitaxel. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 57: 53-63.##
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Song, K., Qiao, M., Liu, T., Jiang, B., Macedo, H.M., Ma, X., Cui, Z. (2010) Preparation, fabrication and biocompatibility of novel injectable temperature-sensitive chitosan/glycerophosphate/collagen hydrogels. J Mater Sci: Mater Med. 21: 2835-2842.##
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Udomkusonsri, P., Kaewmokul, S., Arthitvong, S., Songserm, T. (2010) Use of enrofloxacin in calcium beads for local infection therapy in animals. Kasetsart J (Natural Science). 44: 1115-1120.##
33
Vancutsem, P., Babish, J., Schwark, W. (1990)The fluoroquinolone antimicrobials: structure, antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical use in domestic animals and toxicity. The Cornell Veterinarian. 80: 173-186.##
34
Venkatesh, M.P., Purohit Kamlesh, L., pramod Kumar, T.M. (2013) Development and evaluation of chitosan based thermosensitive in situ gels of pilocarpine. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 5: 164-169.##
35
Wagh, V.D., Deshmukh, K.H., Wagh, K.V. (2012) Formulation and evaluation of in situ gel drug delivery system of Sesbania grandiflora flower extract for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. J Pharm Res. 4: 1880-1884.##
36
Yilmaz, M.T. (2012) Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of boron compounds against several bacterial strains. Turkish J Med Sci. 42: 1423-1429.##
37
Zhou, H.Y., Zhang, Y.P., Zhang, W.F., Chen, X.G. (2011) Biocompatibility and characteristics of injectable chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel for drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym. 83: 1643-1651.##
38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Thyroid hormones profile in Holstein calves following dexamethasone and isoflupredone administration
BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoids are the steroidal drugs which are very widely used in large animal medicine. These agents have advantages in large animals but they have been also associated with many potential adverse effects especially at high doses or prolonged use. OBJECTIVES: The present experimental study was designed to clarify the effects of dexamethasone (DEXA) and isoflupredone (ISO), as the most common glucocorticoids in large animal medicine, on bovine thyroid hormones. METHODS: Ten clinically healthy Holstein calves (6-8 months old) were assigned into 2 equal groups. Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) and isoflupredone (1 mg/kg) were administered intramuscularly in DEXA and ISO groups, respectively, for two consecutive days. Blood samples were taken at days 0 (before the 1st dose), 1 (before the 2nd dose), 2, 3, 5 and 7, from all studied animals and serum concentrations of T3, T4, fT3 and fT4 were determined in all specimens. RESULTS: Levels of T3 and T4 were decreased significantly after both drugs administrations. The concentrations of T3 and T4 in Iso group were significantly lower than DEXA one (P<0.05). There were no significant changes in serum fT3 and fT4 levels following drugs administrations. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacological doses of dexamethasone and isoflupredone have suppressive actions on the circulating levels of thyroid hormones in Holstein calves possibly via inhibition of TSH production at hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid level.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_60156_9ec2cd245dc39fcc71a412e33aa6dbb9.pdf
2017-01-01
49
54
10.22059/ijvm.2017.60156
glucocorticoids
Holstein calves
Metabolism
side effects
thyroid hormones
Aliasghar
Chalmeh
achalmeh81@gmail.com
1
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehrdad
Pourjafar
dmp4m@yahoo.com
2
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Nazifi
nazifi@shirazu.ac.ir
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Zarei
denateb.vetmed@gmail.com
4
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahlquist, J., Franklyn, J., Ramsden, D., Sheppard, M. (1989) The influence of dexamethasone on serum thyrotrophin and thyrotrophin synthesis in the rat. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 64: 55-61.##
1
Azukizawa, M., Mori, S., Ohta, H., Matsumura, S., Yoshimoto, H., Uozumi, T., Miyai, K., Kumahara, Y. (1979) Effect of a single dose of glucocorticoid on the diurnal variations of TSH, thyroxine, 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine, 3,3’,5’-triiodothyronine and cortisol in normal men. Endocrinol Jpn. 26: 719-723.##
2
Bános, C., Takó, J., Salamon, F., Györgyi, S., Czikkely, R. (1979) Effect of ACTH-stimulated glucocorticoid hypersecretion on the serum concentrations of thyroxine-binding globulin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, reverse triiodothyronine and on the TSH response to TRH. Acta Med Acad Sci Hung. 36: 381-394.##
3
Betty, J.D. (2000) How medications affect thyroid function. West J Med. 172: 102-106.##
4
Bryan, R.H. (2009) Drugs that suppress TSH or cause central hypothyroidism. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 23: 793-800.##
5
Burr, W.A., Ramsden, D.B., Griffiths, R.S., Hottenberg, R., Meinhold, H., Wenzel, K.W. (1976) Effects of a single dose of dexamethasone on serum concentration of thyroid hormone. Lancet. 308: 58-61.##
6
Coiro, V., Volpi, R., Capretti, L., Speroni, G., Pilla, S., Cataldo, S., Bianconcini, M., Bazzani, E., Chiodera, P. (2001) Effect of dexamethasone on TSH-secretion induced by TRH in human obesity. Investig Med. 49: 330-334.##
7
Fang, V., Shian, L. (1981) Adrenal influence on pituitary secretion of thyrotropin and prolactin in rats. Endocrinology. 108: 1545-1551.##
8
Ghadhban, R.F., Jawad, A.D.H. (2013) Effects of dexamethasone, estrogen administration on leptin, thyroid, reproductive hormone concentration and lipid profile of female rabbit’s serum. Bas J Vet Res. 12: 41-53.##
9
Hosur, M.B., Puranik, R.S., Vanaki, S., Puranik, S.R. (2012) Study of thyroid hormones free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in subjects with dental fluorosis. Eur J Dent. 6: 184-190. ##
10
Kakucska, I., Qi, Y., Lechan, R. (1995) Changes in adrenal status affect hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in parallel with corticotropin-releasing hormone. Endocrinology. 136: 2795-2802.##
11
Kaminsky, S., Levy, O., Salvador, C., Dai, G., Carrasco, N. (1994) Na(+)-I- symport activity is present in membrane vesicles from thyrotropin-deprived non-I(-)-transporting cultured thyroid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 91: 3789-3793.##
12
Messer, N.T., Ganjam, V.K., Nachreiner, R.F., Krause, G.F. (1995) Effect of dexamethasone administration on serum thyroid hormone concentrations in clinically normal horses.J Am Vet Med Assoc. 206: 63-66.##
13
Nyborg, J.K., Nguyen, A.P., Spindler, S.R. (1984) Relationship between thyroid and glucocorticoid hormone receptor occupancy, growth hormone gene transcription, and mRNA accumulation. J Biol Chem. 259: 12377-12381.##
14
Plumb, D.C. (2008) Plumb’s Veterinary Drug Handbook. (6th ed.) Blackwell Publishing. Iowa, USA. p. 457-639.##
15
Radostits, O.M., Gay, C., Hinchcliff, K.W., Constable, P.D. (2007) Veterinary Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats. (10th ed.) Saunders. London, UK. p. 53-60. ##
16
Re, R., Kourides, I., Ridgway, E., Weintraub, B., Maloof, F. (1976) The effect of glucocorticoid administration on human pituitary secretion of thyrotropin and prolactin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 43: 338-346.##
17
Rubello, D., Sonino, N., Casara, D., Girelli, M., Busnardo, B., Boscaro, M. (1992) Acute and chronic effects of high glucocorticoid levels on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in man. J Endocrinol Invest. 15: 437-441.##
18
Stachoń, M., Gromadzka-Ostrowska, J., Lachowicz, K., Fürstenberg, E., Pałkowska, E., Gajewska, D., Myszkowska-Ryciak, J., Kozłowska, L., Rosołowska-Huszcz, D. (2014) Interdependence of the peripheral metabolism of glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones under calorie deficit in rats at different ages. J Anim Feed Sci. 23: 167-176.##
19
Tan, K.C., Shiu, S.W., Kung, A.W. (1998) Effect of thyroid dysfunction on high-density lipoprotein subfraction metabolism: roles of hepatic lipase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 83: 2921-2924.##
20
Taylor, A.H., Stephan, Z.F., Steele, R.E., Wong, N.C. (1997) Beneficial effects of a novel thyromimetic on lipoprotein metabolism. Mol Pharmacol. 52: 542-547.##
21
Uma, K.S., Mihir, S. (2006) Drug induced thyroid disorders. J Indian Med Assoc: 104, 583, 585-587, 600.
22
Wilke, J.F., Utiger, R.D. (1969) The effect of glucocorticoids on thyrotropin secretion. J Clin Invest. 48: 2086-2090.##
23
Yen, P.M. (2001) Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. Physiol Rev. 81: 1097-1142.##
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Serum Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Dogs with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
BACKGROUND: Clinical prostatic diseases occur in 80% of dogs over 5 and 95% over 9 years of age. . It seems that benign prostatic hyperplasia) BPH) affect Scottish terriers more severely than the other breeds. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the changes of biochemical and hematological parameters in BPH dogs. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 10 male dogs older than five years suffering from BPH which referred to Small Animal Hospital of the Veterinary Faculty of Tehran University. The diagnosis of BPH was based on clinical, laboratory surveys and ultrasonography. 10 normal male dogs with same age, breed and weight were selected as control group. Then serum acid phosphatase (TAP and PAP), CRP, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulins and hematological parameters were assayed and the results were analyzed by Independent student T-test. Also Pearson’s linear correlation test was used to determine the correlation between TAP, PAP, CRP and ESR with length and width of prostate. RESULTS: The length(p=0.008 (, width (p= 0.01)of prostates were significantly higher in dogs suffering from BPH compared to the healthy dogs .TAP and PAP levels significantly elevated in all dogs in BPH group (approximately 6 times) compared to the controls (P=0.001). Moreover, serumic CRP concentration was elevated in some of BPH dogs (approximately 6 times) (p=0.001). While there were significant ESR elevation in some of dogs in disease group compared to the normal dogs, no significant difference was observed in other biochemical and hematological parameters between two groups (p>0.05). There were a highly significant correlation btween serum TAP and PAP (p≤ 0.01) with prostate’s length and width which was more than CRP. CONCLUSIONS: The serum acid phosphatase, CRP and ESR were elevated in BPH dogs but the increase in serum acid phosphatase was more important than the others. It is recommended that each laboratory should use its own values of acid phosphatase in dogs.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_60212_0208ce69e065750a4e4ba91f55e76e3d.pdf
2017-01-01
55
62
10.22059/ijvm.2017.60212
acid phosphatase
benign prostatic hyperplasia
CRP
Dog
prostate
Zohreh
khaki
zkhaki@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Majid
Masoudifard
soroori4@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Radiology and Sonography, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Farshid
Khadivar
farshid.khadivar@gmail.com
3
Graduated student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Dariush
Shirani
d.shirani@ut.ac.ir
4
Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Vahid
Fathipour
5
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Taheri
6
Dr. Rastegar Laboratories, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Amorim, R.L., Moura, V.M.B.D., Di Santis, G.W., Bandarra, E.P., Padovani C. (2004) Serum and urinary measurements of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) in dogs. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 56: 320-324.##
1
Aumuller, G., Vedder, H., Enderle-SchmitT,U. (1987) Cytochemistry and Biochemistry of Acid Phosphatases VII: Immunohistochemistry of canine prostatic acid phosphatase. Prostate. 11: 1-15.##
2
Ceron, J.J., Eckersall, P.D., Martınez-Subiela, S. (2005) Acute phase proteins in dogs and cats: current knowledge and future perspectives. Vet Clin Pathol. 34: 85-99.##
3
Corrazza, M., Guidi, G., Romagnoli, S., Tognetti, R. , Buonaccorsi A. (1994) Serum total prostatic and non-prostatic acid phosphatase in healthy dogs and in dogs with prostatic diseases. J Small Anim Pract. 35: 307-310.##
4
Eckersall, P.D., Duthie, S., Toussaint, M.j., Gruys, E., Heegaard, P., Alava, M., Lipperheide, C., Madec, F. (1999) Standardization of diagnostic assays for animal acute phase proteins. Adv Vet Med. 41: 643-655.##
5
Felman, E.C., Nelson, R.W. (2004) Canine and Feline Endocrinology and Reproduction. (3rd ed.) WB. Saunders. Missouri, USA. ##
6
Francey, T. (2010) Prostatic Diseases. In: Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. Ettinger, S.J., Feldman, E.C. (eds.). (7th ed.) vol 2, WB. Saunders, Philadelphia, USA. p. 1926-1930.##
7
Gadelha, C.R.F., Vicente, W.R.R., Ribeiro, A.P.C., Apparicio, M., Covizzi, G.j., Campos, A.C.N. (2013) Prostatic acid phosphatase in serum and semen of dogs. Arch Med Vet. 45: 321-325.##
8
Husain, T.M., Kim, H.D. (2002) C - reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in orthopaedics. University of Pennsylvania. Orthopaedic Journal. 15: 13-16.##
9
Jergens, A.E., Schreiner, C., Frank, D.E., Niyo, Y., Ahrens, F.E., Eckersall, P.D., Benson, T.J., Evans, R. (2003) A scoring index for disease activity in canine inflammatory bowel disease. J Vet Int Med. 17: 291 -297.##
10
Kjelgaard-Hansen, M., Strom, H., Mikkelsen, L., Eriksen, T., Jensen, A.L., Luntang-Jensen, M. (2013) Canine serum C-reactive protein as a quantitative marker of the inflammatory stimulus of aseptic elective soft tissue surgery. Vet Clin Pathol. 42: 342-345.##
11
Kaneko, J.J., Harvey, J.W., Bruss, M.L. (2008) Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. (6th ed.) Elsevier, Academic Press, London, UK.##
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McEntee, M., Issaacs, I., Smith, C. (1987) Adenocarcinoma of the canine prostate: immunohistochemically examination for secretory antigens. Prostate. 11: 163-170.##
13
Meyer, D.J., Harvey, J.W. (2004) Veterinary Laboratory Medicine. (3rd ed.) WB Saunders, London, UK.
14
Noakes, D.E., Parkinson, T,J., England, G.C.W. (2001) Arthur’s Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics. (8th ed.) WB Saunders, London, UK.##
15
Rule, A.D., Jacobson, D.J., Roberts, R.O.,Girman, C.J., McGree, M.E., Lieber, M.M., Jacobson, S.J. (2005) The association between benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic kidney disease in community-dwelling men. Kidney Int. 67: 2376-2382.##
16
Salo, J.O., Rannikko, S., Haapiainen, R. (1990) Serum acid phosphatase in patients with localized prostatic cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia or normal prostates. Br J Urol. 66: 188-192.##
17
Sataria, P.M., Staskin, D.R. (2000) Hydronephrosis and renal deterioration in the elderly due to abnormalities of the lower urinary tract and ureterovesical junction. Int Urol Nephrol. 32: 119-126.##
18
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Swinney, G.R. (1998) Prostatic neoplasia in five dogs. Aust Vet J. 76: 669-674.##
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Thrall, M.A., Weiser, G., Allison ,R., Campbell, T.W. (2012) Veterinary Hematology and Clinical Chemistry. (2th ed.) Wiley-Blackwell, Iowa, USA.##
22
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23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Interactions between Histamine H1 and H3 and Dopamine D1 Receptors on feeding behavior in chicken
BACKGROUND: Brain monoamines (such as histamine and dopamine) play an important role in emotions, cognition, reward and feeding behavior. The interactions between histamine and dopamine were studied in many physiological functions but this correlation is unclear in feeding behavior of chickens. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of central histaminergic and dopaminergic systems on food intake in broiler chicken. METHODS: In this study we used from intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection for manipulating of histaminergic and dopaminergic systems. In Experiment 1, 3 h-fasted chicks were given an ICV injection of histamine, SCH23390, a D1 receptors antagonist and co-injection of histamine and SCH23390. Experiments 2-5 were similar to experiment 1 except birds were injected with AMI-193, D2 receptors antagonist; NGB2904, D3 receptors antagonist; L-741,742, D4 receptors antagonist and 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxydopamine instead of SCH 23390, respectively. In experiment 6, ICV injection of dopamine, chlorpheniramine, H1 receptors antagonist and co-administration of dopamine and chlorpheniramine were done. Experiments 7-9 were similar to experiment 6, except birds ICV injected with famotidine, H2 receptors antagonist; thioperamide, H3 receptors antagonist and α-FMH, alpha-fluoromethylhistidine in place of chlorpheniramine, respectively. Then cumulative food intake (g) was measured at 30, 60 and 120 min after the injection. RESULTS: Histamine decreased food intake compared to the control chicks indicating a inhibitory effect of histamine on food intake and SCH23390 attenuated the effect of histamine on food intake(P<0.001). In addition, hypophagic effect of histamine decreased by 6-OHDA(P<0.001). Chlorpheniramine and α-FMH significantly attenuated dopamine induced hypophagia(P<0.001). However, thioperamide amplified the inhibitory effect of dopamine on food intake(P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest, there is relationship between histaminergic and dopaminergic systems on food intake in chicken and H1, H3 and D1 receptors are involved in this interaction.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_60218_a5765c78cacee6232c0014741d9e0934.pdf
2017-01-01
63
73
10.22059/ijvm.2017.60218
chicken
dopamine
food intake
ICV
histamine
Masood
GhandForoushan
masoud@yahoo.com
1
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Key words:
AUTHOR
Morteza
Zendehdel
zendedel@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Key words:
LEAD_AUTHOR
Vahab
Babpour
babpour@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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36
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37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Peppermint and Pennyroyal Essential Oil Effect on Performance, Rumen Microbial Population and Some Blood Parameters of Sheep
BACKGROUND: The use of antibiotics as feed additive in animal feeds due to the appearance of residues in milk and meat and their effects on human health has restricted. Two of essential oils with high potential for use in ruminant diet are Mentha piperita (peppermint) and Mentha pulegium (pennyroyal) essential oil. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of essential oils of peppermint and pennyroyal on performance, ruminal microbial population and some blood parameters of sheep. METHODS: For this purpose, 9 Dallagh sheep were used in a change over design experiment at three 21-d periods (14 days as adaptation and 7 days for sample collection). Experimental treatments were 1) basal diet without additive (control), 2) basal diet + 110 mg/d Mentha piperita essential oil and 3) basal diet +110 mg/d Mentha pulegium essential oil. Sheep were kept in individual cages and had free access to food and water. Rumen fluid was collected before, 4 h and 8 h after morning feeding and a blood sample was obtained 3 h after morning feeding at last day of each period. RESULTS: Essential oils had no effect on performance, blood parameters, pH, ammonia, protozoa, and total viable bacterial count of rumen. Coliforms of rumen fluid significantly decreased at 4 h and increased 8 h after morning feeding following peppermint and pennyroyal supplementation, respectively (P<0.05). Acid lactic bacteria count was significantly higher at before and 4 h after morning feeding in pennyroyal treatment compared with other treatments. CONCLUSION: although essential oils of Mentha piperita and Mentha pulegium had some effects on rumen microbial population but had no significant effects on performance and blood metabolites of Dallagh sheep.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_60580_b938eb2d3bf7d660adf533461bc692da.pdf
2017-01-01
75
84
10.22059/ijvm.2017.60580
Blood metabolites
Mentha piperita oil
Mentha pulegium oil
Microbial population
sheep
roonak
mohamadi
roonak.m394@yahoo.com
1
M.Sc. graduate of Animal physiology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad Kavous, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
AUTHOR
reza
rahchamani
r_rahchamani@yahoo.com
2
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad Kavous, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
farzad
ghanbari
farzadghanbari@yahoo.com
3
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad Kavous, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
AUTHOR
fariba
farivar
fariba_farivar@yahoo.com
4
Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad Kavous, Gonbad Kavous, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmadi Naghadehi, A.A., Pirmohammadi, R., Sahrae Belverdi, M., Parsaemehr, K. (2014) Effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita) on digestibility and rumen fermentation of Makuei sheep. Iranian J Animal Sci. 106: 65-70. (In Persian).##
1
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Ando, S., Nishida, T., Ishida, M., Hosoda, K., Bayaru, E. (2003) Effect of peppermint feeding on the digestibility, ruminal fermentation and protozoa. Livest Prod Sci. 82: 245–248.##
3
Anantasook, N., Wanapat, M., Cherdthong, A., Gunun, P. (2013) Effect of plants containing secondary compounds with Ppalm oil on feed Iintake, digestibility, microbial protein synthesis and microbial population in dairy cows. Asian Australas. J Anim Sci. 26: 820–826.##
4
Bach, A., Calsamiglia, S., Stern, M.D. (2005) Nitrogen metabolism in rumen. J Dairy Sci. 88: 9-21.##
5
Beauchemin, K.A., McGinn, S.M. (2006) Methane emissions from beef cattle: Effects of fumaric acid, essential oil, and canola oil. J Anim Sci. 84: 1489–1496.##
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14
Chaves, A.V., Stanford, K., Gibson, A.A., Mcallister T.A., Benchaar, C. (2008b) Effects of caracole and cinnamldehyde on intake, rumen fermentation, growth performance, and carcass characteristic of growing lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 145: 396-408.##
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Distel, R.A., Iglesias, R.M.R., Arroquy, J., Merino, J. (2007) A note on increased intake in lambs through diversity in food flavor. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 130: 232–237.##
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21
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Van Soest, P.J. (1994) Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Cornel University Press. Ithaca, New York, USA.
40
Vakili, A.R., Khorrami, B., Mesgaran, M.D., Parand, E. (2013) The effects of thyme and cinnamon essential oils on performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in holstein calves consuming high concentrate diet. Asian Australas J Anim Sci. 26: 935–944.##
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Wallace, R.J. (2004) Antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabolites. Proc Nutr Soc. 63: 621–629.
42
Wallace, R.J., McEvan, N.R., McIntosh, F.M., Teferedegne, B., Newbold, C.J. (2002) Natural products as manipulators of rumen fermentation. Asian Australas. J Anim Sci. 15: 1458-1468.##
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44
Yang, W.Z., Ametaj, B.N., He, M.L., Benchaar, C., Beauchemin, K.A. (2010a) Cinnamaldehyde in feedlot cattle diet: intake, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and blood metabolites. J Anim Sci. 88: 1082-1092.##
45
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46
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Efficacy of Echinacea purpurea and Protexin on systemic and mucosal immune response to Newcastle Diseases Virus vaccination (VG/GA strain) in commercial turkey poults
BACKGROUND: It is important to understand the efficacy of immunoregulatory materials, herbal remedies or probiotics, in different parts of immune system following vaccination with different tropism. OBJECTIVES: Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Echinacea purpurea and a probiotic (protexin) on systemic and mucosal immune response in turkey. METHODS: A total of 288 1-day-old male turkey poults were randomized into 6 groups as follow: Group T1: Turkeys received Echinacea purpurea at the rate of 1 ml /1 liter water and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine, Group T2: Turkeys received probiotic at the rate of 1 g /1 liter water and NDV vaccine, Group T3: Positive control that turkey received NDV vaccine without any additives. Group T4: Turkeys received Echinacea purpurea at the rate of 1 ml /1 liter water without NDV vaccine. Group T5: Turkeys received probiotic at the rate of 1 g /1 liter water without NDV vaccine, Group T6: Negative control group, neither vaccinated against NDV vaccine nor given additives. At age of 10 and 20 days, poults were vaccinated with Villegas_Glisson/University of Georgia (VG/GA) strain of Newcastle disease vaccine by eye dropper method. For systemic and mucosal antibody analyses, blood samples and tracheal lavages were collected at different ages. The titers of antibody against NDV were measured using ELISA and HI tests. RESULTS: Addition of Echinacea to the water increased the systemic IgG, IgA and HI compared to the positive control group. Protexin supplementation to the water of T2 turkeys increased serum IgG and both total and specific IgA compared to the T3 group turkeys. Generally, turkeys that were supplemented with probiotic had higher specific and total tracheal IgA antibody levels than the other vaccinated groups. Among vaccinated turkeys only T1 group showed significantly higher HI antibody titers on day 42. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that systemic and mucosal immunity of turkeys following vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND) could be improved by supplementation of Echinacea and probiotic. The effect of Echinacea purpurea on systemic immunity of turkeys seemed more pronounced than on mucosal immunity; further, the effect of probiotic on mucosal immunity was more obvious.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_60684_5bb5526fe41fe25e3ec7b5b4b671878f.pdf
2017-01-01
85
95
10.22059/ijvm.2017.60684
Echinacea purpurea
Immunological parameters
Probiotic
Turkey
VG/GA vaccine
Mohammad
Hasanzadeh
mhzadeh@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
tohid
tolouei
tohid_toloie@yahoo.com
2
Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
gholamreza
nikbakht
nikbakht@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
hassan
Alkaragoly
hassank_ulaiwi@yahoo.com
4
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
arya
Rezaei Far
a_rezaeifar@yahoo.com
5
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.
AUTHOR
hassan
ghahri
gahri_hassan@yahoo.com
6
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.
AUTHOR
Abdel-Fattah, S.A., El-Sanhoury, MH., El-Mednay, N.M., Abdel-Azeem, F. (2008) Thyroid activity, some blood constituents, organs morphology and performance of broiler chicks fed supplemental organic acids. Int J Poult Sci. 7: 215-222.##
1
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Davison, F., Kaspers, B., Schat, K.A. (2008) Avian immunology. Elsevier Ltd. London, UK.##
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27
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28
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32
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33
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34
Seifert, S., Fritz, C., Carlini, N., Barth, S.W., Franz, C.M.A.P., Watzl, B. (2011) Modulation of innate and adaptive immunity by the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum PCB133 in turkeys. Poult Sci. 90: 2275-2280.##
35
Talazadeh, F., Mayahi, M., Zeinali, S. (2016) The effect of Aquablend Avian probiotic® including Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium on systemic antibody response against Newcastle and Influenza disease vaccine in broiler chickens. Int J Enteric Pathog. 4: e35689.##
36
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37
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38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Light and scanning electron microscopic study of the lingual structure in the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)
BACKGROUND: The tongue, which plays a very important role in food intake by vertebrates, exhibits significant morphological variations that appear to represent adaptation to the current environmental conditions of each respective habitat. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present investigation was to investigate lingual structure in adult budgerigar. METHODS: Tongues of 12 adult budgerigars were used in the investigations. Samples of the apex, body and root of the tongue were studied using light and electron microscopy. RESULTS: The tongue in budgerigar is about 5 mm in length. The deep concave rostral portion of the lingual apex is devoid of any glandular structure and is continuous with a semicircular caudal portion. The caudal portion of the lingual apex is divided into two symmetrical halves by a median longitudinal fissure. The rostral part of the lingual corpus is distinctly divided by fissures of varying depth into many irregular raised areas with different sizes. Several large caudally directed conical papillae are situated on the posterior end of the lingual corpus and along the thick border region between the lingual body and root. There are also some giant conical papillae on the laryngeal mound. According to their positions, the PAS-positive compound tubuloalveolar salivary glands can be classified as dorsal and dorsolateral salivary glands. The dorsal lingual salivary glands are situated beneath the dorsal lingual epithelium. They extended from the caudal end of the fissure on the caudal lingual apex to the front of the laryngeal cleft. The dorsolateral salivary glands on each side extend from the beginning of the body of the tongue to the level of the laryngeal cleft. The ventral side of the tongue is devoid of any glandular structure. Neither the morphology nor the dimensions of the tongue show sex-specific differences. CONCLUSIONS: lingual structure shows considerable differences in budgerigars in comparision to other birds studied so far.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_60543_99c1fcb90d9ea9bb78d4e89d07d250c9.pdf
2017-01-01
97
104
10.22059/ijvm.2017.60543
budgerigar
light microscopy
salivary glands
scanning electron microscope
tongue
Ali
Parchami
parchami431@yahoo.com
1
Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahdi
Salimi
salimi1348@yahoo.com
2
Graduated Student of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Campbell, B., Lack, E. (1985) A Dictionary of Birds. (1st ed.) The British Ornithologists’ Union, T. & A. D. Poyser, Calton. Buteo Book, London, UK.##
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14