ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An investigation on the possibility of using eCG for presynchronization prior to ovsynch in dairy cow
Background: Presynchronization could enhance fertility in timed breeding programs. The best presynchronization method has to justify biological requirements and to provide practical and economic advantages. OBJECTIVES: Present study investigated the effectiveness of presynchronization with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) before ovsynch (eCG-ovsynch) compared to conventional presynch-ovsynch program (2PG-ovsynch) in lactating cows. METHODS: Healthy lactating cyclic Holstein cows (n=110) without any particular pre, peri and post parturient problems were selected for this study. The first insemination following timed breeding program was conducted at 57 days after calving. Ovsynch (timed breeding program) consisted of two GnRH analogue injections, at 7 days before and 56 hours after PG, followed by insemination, 16 hours after the second GnRH. Cows in 2PG-Ovsynch group (n=55) received two PGs, 14 days apart, followed by ovsynch program 12 days later. Cows in eCG-Ovsynch group (n=55) received eCG (500 IU, IM), 84 hours before ovsynch program. Pregnancy was confirmed 40 d after insemination by rectal palpation. Progesterone concentrations were evaluated at presynchronization, at the first GnRH and at PG of ovsynch program. RESULTS: The respective first service conception rates, days open and service per conception were similar between 2PG-ovsynch (45.45%; 94.0±6.30 days; 1.95) and eCG-ovsynch (40%; 90.1±4.58 days; 1.81) groups (p>0.05). The percentage of cows with high progesterone concentrations increased significantly from the first GnRH (38.2%) until PG (85.4%) in eCG-ovsynch group (p<0.05). The percentage of cows with high progesterone concentrations at the time of PG injection of ovsynch program was greater in eCG-ovsynch (85.4%) compared to 2PG-ovsynch (69%). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of eCG (500 IU), 84 hours prior to ovsynch could optimize timed breeding program biologically, practically and economically in lactating dairy cows.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_66098_2409daad855a2f9ef6abd7aa3d5f7dae.pdf
2018-06-01
85
97
10.22059/ijvm.2018.247457.1004864
eCG
ovsynch
presynchronization
prostaglandin
timed breeding
Amir
Niasari-Naslaji
niasari@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hadi
Kavousi Nodar
hadi.kavousi@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Mahdi
Vojgani
vodjgani@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Theriogelogy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran
AUTHOR
Farid
Heidari
heidarif@gmail.com
4
National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ayres, H., Ferreira, R.M., Cunha, A.P., Araújo, R.R., Wiltbank, M.C. (2013) Double-Ovsynch in high-producing dairy cows: effects on progesterone concentrations and ovulation to GnRH treatments. Theriogenology. 79: 159-64.##
1
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2
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3
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55
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Passive protective effect of anti-K99 antibodies against enterotoxigenic E.coli infection in neonatal calves
BACKGROUND: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the main causative agents of neonatal calf diarrhea. Passive transfer of antibodies that is derived from the dams of the calves through their colostrum plays an important role in disease prevention. OBJECTIVES: To determine the presence of natural specific antibodies against K99 antigen in dam’s serum and colostrum as well as in calf’s serum and examined the association between bacteriological and serological aspects for ETEC K99+ and calf diarrhea. METHODS: A specific PCR assay was used to detect K99-positive E. coli in fecal samples from two groups of normal and diarrheic calves. Specific antibodies against K99 fimbriae in dam serum, colostrum and calf serum were studied using indirect ELISA. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between the antibody titer in normal and diarrheic groups. Significant differences were observed between normal and diarrheic calves in their serum anti-K99 titers (P =0.0005), their dams (P =0.0005) and colostrum (P =0.001), in which anti-K99 titer in dam’s serum and colostrum was higher in diarrheic group, but in calf’s serum was higher in normal group. CONCLUSIONS: Although anti-K99 antibody levels in diarrheic calves was less than normal calves, there is no correlation between the level of these antibodies and disease occurrence. This study suggests that anti-K99 antibodies do not solely promote immunity to ETEC infections.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_65826_c27bc127f427bc866842e0dd3dfbd37e.pdf
2018-06-01
97
107
10.22059/ijvm.2018.244346.1004855
calf diarrhea
Colostrum
enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Indirect ELISA
K99
Khaleel
Alo
khaleelalo@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Gholamraza
Nikbakhat
nikbakht@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Samad
Lotfollahzadeh
samadlzadeh@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Farhad
Moosakhani
fmoosakhani@kiau.ac.ir
4
Department of Microbiology Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Branch of Karaj, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
AUTHOR
Adel
Gharabaghi
gharebaghy_ir@yahoo.com
5
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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Roy, K., Bartels, S., Qadri, F., Fleckenstein, J. M. (2010) Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli elicits immune responses to multiple surface proteins. Infect Immun. 78: 3027-3035.##
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Salvadori, M. R., Valadares, G. F., Leite, D. D. S., Blanco, J., Yano, T. (2003) Virulence factors of Escherichia coli isolated from calves with diarrhea in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol. 34: 230-235.##
30
Shams, Z., Tahamtan, Y., Pourbakhsh, A., Hosseiny, M. H., Kargar, M., Hayati, M. (2012) Detection of enterotoxigenic K99 (F5) and F41 from fecal sample of calves by molecular and serological methods. Comp Clin Pathol. 21: 475-478.##
31
Sherwood, D., Snodgrass, D., Lawson, G. (1983) Prevalence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in calves in Scotland and Northern England. Vet Rec. 113: 208-212.##
32
Silverstein, A. M. (1996) History of Immunology: Paul Ehrlich: The founding of pediatric immunology. Cell Immun. 174: 1-6.##
33
Singh, M., Singh, R., Arora, A., Sandhu, K. (2007) Animal Health-Molecular characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrhoeic neonatal calves. Indian J Anim Sci. 77: 1063.##
34
Smith, P., Zurita, L., Canale, F., Ferreira, A., Toro, H. (1994) ELISA to determine anti-K99 pilus antibody in the sera of normal and diarrhoeic calves. Vet Microbiol. 40: 387-392.##
35
Vázquez, F., González, E. A., Garabal, J. I., Blanco, J. (2006) Characterization of fimbriae extracts from porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains carrying F6 (987P) antigen. Int Microbiol. 9: 241-246.##
36
Vilte, D. A., Larzábal, M., Cataldi, Á. A., Mercado, E. C. (2008) Bovine colostrum contains immunoglobulin G antibodies against intimin, EspA, and EspB and inhibits hemolytic activity mediated by the type three secretion system of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli. Clin Vaccine Immun. 15: 1208-1213.##
37
Wilson, R., Jutila, J. (1976) Experimental neonatal colibacillosis in cows: immunoglobin classes involved in protection. Infect Immun. 13: 100-107.##
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Xu, R.-J. (1996) Development of the newborn GI tract and its relation to colostrum/milk intake: a review. Reprod Fertil Dev. 8: 35-48.##
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Younis, E. E., Ahmed, A. M., El-Khodery, S. A., Osman, S. A., El-Naker, Y. F. (2009) Molecular screening and risk factors of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in diarrheic neonatal calves in Egypt. Res Vet Sci. 87: 373-379.##
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Zhang, W., Zhao, M., Ruesch, L., Omot, A., Francis, D. (2007) Prevalence of virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains recently isolated from young pigs with diarrhea in the US. Vet Microbiol. 123: 145-152.##
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Production of monoclonal antibodies against recombinant nucleoprotein of avian influenza virus, serotype H9N2
Background: Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) including the subtype H9N2 cause considerable financial losses to poultry industries. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of avian influenza (AI) infection is important in control and eradication programs. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the nucleocapsid protein )NP (of AIV H9N2 subtype to improve diagnostic assays. METHODS: Recombinant NP protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using amylose resin chromatography column and used as an antigen for mice immunization. Spleen cells of the immunized mice were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells. Next, culture supernatants of primary hybridoma clones were screened by indirect ELISA. After three rounds of sub cloning, the reactivity of the MAbs with recombinant and natural antigens was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS: Six MAbs showed specific binding to recombinant and natural NP from AIV H9N2 in Western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay. Cross-reactivity with genetically non-related including Newcastle viruse (Paramyxoviridae family) was not detected. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, the MAbs generated in this study could be used for the development of rapid diagnostic assays for recognition of AIV.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_66061_9b4e073e03236567e85cc5ff79d3d03a.pdf
2018-06-01
107
116
10.22059/ijvm.2018.245203.1004858
Antibody
avian
influenza
monoclonal
NP
Masoudreza
Seyfiabad Shapouri
masoudrs@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Azadeh
Yektaseresht
azadeh_neisi@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Masoud
Ghorbanpoor Najafabadi
mghorbanpour@yahoo.com
3
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Amin
Jaydari
jaidariam@gmail.com
4
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lorestan, Khorram Abad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahad, A., Thornton, R.N., Rabbani, M., Yaqub, T., Younus, M., Muhammad, K., Shabbir, M.Z., Kashem, M.A., Islam, M.Z., Mangtani, P., Burgess, G.W., Tun, H.M., Hoque, M.A. (2014) Risk factors for H7 and H9 infection in commercial poultry farm workers in provinces within Pakistan. Prev Vet Med. 117: 610-4.##
1
Anvar, E., Hosseini, S.M., Tavasoti Kheiri, M., Mazaheri, V., Fazaei, K., Shabani, M., Alizadeh, E., Tabatabaiean, M., Torabi, A. (2013) Serological Survey of Avian Influenza (H9N2) Among Different Occupational Groups in Tehran and Qazvin Provinces in IR Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 6: e5441.##
2
Ausubel, F.M., Brent, R., Kingston, R., Moore, D.D., Seidman, J.G., Smith, J.A., Struhl, K. (1995) Short Protocols in Molecular Biology, (2nd ed.) John Willey and Sons Inc, New York, USA.##
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Belshe, R., Smith, M.H., Hall, C.B., Betts, R., Hay, A..J (1988) Genetic basis of resistance to rimantadine emerging during treatment of influenza virus infection. J Virol. 62: 1508-12.##
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Pinette, M.M., Rodriguez-Lecompte, J.C., Pasick, J., Ojkic, D., Leith, M, Suderman, M., Berhane, Y. (2014) Development of a duplex Fluorescent Microsphere Immunoassay (FMIA) for the detection of antibody responses to influenza A and newcastle disease viruses. J Immunol Methods. 405: 167-177.##
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Wu, R., Hu, S., Xiao, Y., Li, Z., Shi, D., Bi, D. (2007) Development of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with nucleoprotein as antigen for detection and quantification of antibodies against avian influenza virus. Vet Res Commun. 31: 631-641.##
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Yang, C.J., Ge, j., Wu, S.Q., Chang, B., Xu, T., Wang, J.L. (2013) Preparation of monoclonal Antibodies against HA protein of H9 serotype avian influenza virus (AIV) and establishment an antigen capture ELISA. J Anim Vet Adv. 12: 1651-1656.##
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Yang, M., Berhane, Y., Salo, T., Li, M., Hole, K., Clavijo, A. (2008) Development and application of monoclonal antibodies against avian influenza virus nucleoprotein. J Virol Methods. 147: 265-274.##
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35
Zambon, M. (1998) Laboratory diagnosis of influenza. In: Textbook of Influenza. Nicholson, K.G., Webster, R.G., Hay, A.J. (eds.). Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, United Kingdom. p. 291–313.##
36
Zhou, E.M., Chan, M., Heckert, R.A. (1998) Evaluation of a competitive ELISA for detection of antibodies against avian influenza virus nucleoprotein. Avian Dis. 42: 517-522.##
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Study of Blastocystis frequency among IBD patients referred to a gastroenterology center
Background: Blastocystis is the most common anaerobic protozoa living in the large intestine of a broad spectrum of vertebrates. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the Blastocystis infection rate in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Methods: A total of 80 stool samples were collected from IBD-proved patients. All stool samples were cultivated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium and checked by light microscopy for detection of Blastocystis. The Correlation between demographic data of IBD patients and Blastocystis was calculated using SPSS 23. Results: The enrolled patients comprised of 52 (65%) men and 28 (35%) women. The study showed Blastocystis in 16/80 (20%) of the samples by microscopic examination and culture method. The parasite was seen among 12 (23.08%) and 4 (14.29%) men and women, respectively. No statistically significant correlation was found between infection with the parasite and animal contact. Fisher’s exact test represented that there was no correlation between gender and the presence of Blastocystis (p value= 0.397). Fisher’s exact test denoted that there was no statistical correlation between age and the presence of the parasite (p value= 0.130). Conclusions: In this study, Blastocystis was found in 20% of enrolled patients who suffered from IBD. This infection rate was significantly higher than the studies have previously described Blastocystis in this group of patients.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_65839_ba6e74dac13203fc430e47c4d9f2f911.pdf
2018-06-01
117
124
10.22059/ijvm.2017.241887.1004845
Blastocystis
demographic data
inflammatory bowel diseases
microscopy
stool cultivation
Sara
Mohammad Ali Gol
golsarah@yahoo.com
1
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Sedigheh
Nabian
nabian@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Arabkhazaeli
fateme1270@yahoo.com
3
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Hamed
Mirjalali
hamed-mirjalali@hotmail.com
4
Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Saied
Bokaie
sbokaie@ut.ac.ir
5
Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mostafa
Rezaeian
rezaiian@tums.ac.ir
6
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Zali
mrzali@ut.ac.ir
7
Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Hamid
Asadzadeh Aghdaei
hamidassadzade@yahoo.com
8
Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Alinaghizade, A., Mirjalali, H., M. Mohebali, M., Stensvold, C.R., Rezaeian, M. (2017) Inter- and intra-subtype variation of Blastocystis subtypes isolated from diarrheic and non-diarrheic patients in Iran. Infect Genet Evol. 50: 77-82.##
1
Amin, O. M. (2006) The epidemiology of Blastocystis hominis in the United States. Res J Parasitol. 1: 1-10.
2
Cassano, N., Scoppio, B. M., Loviglio, M. C., Vena, G. (2005) Remission of delayed pressure urticaria after eradication of Blastocystis hominis. Acta Derm Venereol. 1: 1-1.##
3
Cekin, A. H., Cekin, Y., Adakan, Y., Tasdemir, E., Koclar, F. G., Yolcular, B. O. (2012) Blastocystosis in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms: a case–control study. BMC Gastroenterol. 12: 122.##
4
Cian, A., El Safadi, D., Osman, M. Moriniere, R., Gantois, N., Benamrouz-Vanneste, S., Delgado-Viscogliosi, P., Guyot, K., Li, L.L., Monchy, S., Noël, Ch., Poirier, Ph., Nourrisson, C., Wawrzyniak, I., Delbac, F., Bosc, S., Chabé, M., Petit, Th., Certad, G., Viscogliosi, E. (2017) Molecular epidemiology of blastocystis sp. in various animal groups from two french zoos and evaluation of potential zoonotic risk. PloS one. 12: e0169659.##
5
Coskun, A., Malatyali, E., Ertabaklar, H., Yasar, M. B.,. Karaoglu, A. O., Ertug, S. (2016) Blastocystis in ulcerative colitis patients: Genetic diversity and analysis of laboratory findings. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 9: 916-919.##
6
Dagci, H., Kurt, O., Demirel, M., Mandiracioglu, A., Aydemir, S., Saz, U., Bart, A., Van Gool, T. (2014) Epidemiological and diagnostic features of blastocystis infection in symptomatic patients in izmir province, Turkey. Iran J Parasitol. 9: 519-529.##
7
Dogruman-Al, F., Simsek, Z., Boorom, K., Ekici, E., Sahin, M., Tuncer, C., Kustimur, S., Altinbas, A. (2010) Comparison of methods for detection of Blastocystis infection in routinely submitted stool samples, and also in IBS/IBD Patients in Ankara, Turkey. PloS one. 5: e15484.##
8
El Safadi, D., Gaayeb, L., Meloni, D., Cian, A., Poirier, P., Wawrzyniak, I., Delbac, F., Dabboussi, F., Delhaes, L., Seck, M., Hamze, M., Riveau, G., Viscogliosi, E. (2014) Children of Senegal river basin show the highest prevalence of Blastocystis sp. ever observed worldwide. BMC Infect Dis. 14: 164.##
9
El Safadi, D., Meloni, D., Poirier, P., Osman, M., Cian, A., Gaayeb, L., Wawrzyniak, I., Delbac, F., El Alaoui, H., Delhaes, L., Dei-Cas, E., Mallat, H., Dabboussi, F., Hamze, M., Viscogliosi, E. (2013) Molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis in Lebanon and correlation between subtype 1 and gastrointestinal symptoms. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 88: 1203-1206.##
10
Hunter, S. (2014) The integrated treatment of’Blastocystis hominis’ in a patient with ulcerative colitis: A case study. Aust J Herbal Med. 26: 29.##
11
Jalallou, N., Iravani, S., Rezaeian, M., Alinaghizade, A., Mirjalali, H. (2017) Subtypes distribution and frequency of Blastocystis sp., isolated from diarrheic and non-diarrheic patients. Iran J Parasitol. 12: 63-68.##
12
Jimenez-Gonzalez, D. E., Martinez-Flores, W. A., Reyes-Gordillo, J., Ramirez-Miranda, M. E., Arroyo-Escalante, S., Romero-Valdovinos, M., Stark, D., Souza-Saldivar, V., Martinez-Hernandez, F., Flisser, A., Olivo-Diaz, A., Maravilla, P. (2012) Blastocystis infection is associated with irritable bowel syndrome in a Mexican patient population. J Parasitol Res. 110: 1269-1275.##
13
Lee, L. I., Chye, T. T., Karmacharya, B. M., Govind, S. K. (2012) Blastocystis sp.: waterborne zoonotic organism, a possibility? Parasite Vector. 5: 130.##
14
Mattiucci, S., Crisafi, B., Gabrielli, S., Paoletti M., Cancrini, G. (2016) Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of Blastocystis infection in humans in Italy. Epidemiol Infect. 144: 635-646.##
15
Mirjalali, H., Abbasi, M., Naderi, N., Hasani, Z., Mirsamadi, E., Stensvold, C., Balaii H., Aghdaei, A., Zali, M.R. (2017) Distribution and phylogenetic analysis of Blastocystis sp. subtypes isolated from IBD patients and healthy individuals in Iran. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 12: 63-8.##
16
Nagel, R., Traub, R. J., Kwan, M. M., Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H. (2015) Blastocystis specific serum immunoglobulin in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) versus healthy controls. Parasite Vector. 8: 453.##
17
Nourrisson, C., Scanzi, J., Pereira, B., NkoudMongo, C., Wawrzyniak, I., Cian, A., Viscogliosi, E., Livrelli, V., Delbac, F., Dapoigny, M., Poirier, P. (2014) Blastocystis is associated with decrease of fecal microbiota protective bacteria: comparative analysis between patients with irritable bowel syndrome and control subjects. PLoS One. 9: e111868.##
18
Petersen, A. M., Stensvold, C. R., Mirsepasi, H., Engberg, J., Friis-Møller, A., Porsbo, L. J., Hammerum, A.M., Nordgaard-Lassen, I., Nielsen, H.V., Krogfelt, K.A. (2013) Active ulcerative colitis associated with low prevalence of Blastocystis and Dientamoeba fragilis infection. Scand J Gastroenterol. 48: 638-639.##
19
Roberts, T., Stark, D., Harkness J., Ellis, J. (2014) Update on the pathogenic potential and treatment options for Blastocystis sp. Gut Pathog. 6: 17.##
20
Rossen, N. G., Bart, A., Verhaar, N., van Nood, E., Kootte, R., de Groot, P. F., D’Haens, G.R., Ponsioen, C.Y., van Gool, T. (2015) Low prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in active ulcerative colitis patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 34: 1039-1044.##
21
Satsangi, J., Silverberg, M., Vermeire, S., Colombel, J. (2006) The Montreal classification of inflammatory bowel disease: controversies, consensus, and implications. Gut. 55: 749-753.##
22
Stensvold, C. R., Clark, C.G. (2016) Current status of Blastocystis: A personal view. Parasitol Int. 65: 763-771.##
23
Stensvold, C. R., Nielsen, H. V., Mølbak, K., Smith, H. V. (2009) Pursuing the clinical significance of Blastocystis–diagnostic limitations. Trends Parasitol. 25: 23-29.##
24
Wang, L. J., Cao, Y., Shi, H. N. (2008) Helminth infections and intestinal inflammation. World J Gastroenterol. 14: 5125.##
25
Yamamoto-Furusho, J. K., Torijano-Carrera, E. (2010) Intestinal protozoa infections among patients with ulcerative colitis: prevalence and impact on clinical disease course. Digestion. 82: 18-23.##
26
Yoshikawa, H., Abe, N., Wu, Z. (2004) PCR-based identification of zoonotic isolates of Blastocystis from mammals and birds. J Microbiol. 150(Pt 5): 1147-1151.##
27
Zhang, X., Qiao, J., Wu, X., Da, R., Zhao, L., Wei, Z. (2012) In vitro culture of Blastocystis hominis in three liquid media and its usefulness in the diagnosis of blastocystosis. Int J Infect Dis. 16: e23-e28.##
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The use of methylphenidate for emergence from propofol and ketamine anesthesia in dogs
Background: Methylphenidate (MPH) has been used to induce emergence from general anesthesia. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of MPH on recovery from propofol and ketamine anesthesia in dogs. METHODS: Six healthy male mix-breed dogs weighing 21.9 ± 3.9 kg were used in a randomized crossover design. Thirty minutes after premedication with acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg; IM), anesthesia was induced with either IV propofol or ketamine (8 and 15 mg/kg, respectively). Dogs, six minutes after induction, received either IV normal saline or methylphenidate (1 mg/kg) (propofol-saline; propofol-methylphenidate; ketamine-saline; ketamine-methylphenidate). Each dog was anesthetized four times randomly with at least one week interval. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between propofol-saline and propofol-methylphenidate as well as between ketamine-saline and ketamine-methylphenidate in the times needed for various chronological sequences of recovery (p>0.05). Recovery in the dogs that received methylphenidate was eventful and associated with some adverse effects. Heart rate showed a decrease in propofol-methylphenidate group compared to the base (p<0.05). Respiratory rate after administration of methylphenidate was more stable than that of saline. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that methylphenidate at 1 mg/kg could not shorten recovery time in the dogs premedicated with acepromazine and anesthetized with either propofol or ketamine. Testing lower doses of methylphenidate and using a different premedication agent are recommended for future studies.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_65588_bfda8676bddf9acd71fa5b8b6178fb4e.pdf
2018-06-01
125
135
10.22059/ijvm.2018.238819.1004829
anesthesia
emergence
ketamine
methylphenidate
propofol
Hadi
Imani Rastabi
h.imani@scu.ac.ir
1
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Reza
Avizeh
r.avizeh@scu.ac.ir
2
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Narges
Kavosi
n_kavosi64@yahoo.com
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Soroush
Sabiza
soroush-sabiza@yahoo.com
4
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Berry, S.H. (2015) Injectable Anesthetics, In: Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. The Fifth Edition of Lumb and Jones. Grimm, K.A., Lamont, L.A., Tranquilli, W.J., Greene, S.A., Robertson, S.A. (eds.). John Wiley & Sons Inc., Pondicherry, India. p. 277-296.##
1
Bortoluzzi, E., Roella, C., Bortoluzzi, S.L., Montoli, E. (1963) Methylphenidate in the treatment of shivering. Anesth Analg. 42: 325-331.##
2
Chemali, J.J., Van Dort, C.J., Brown, E.N., Solt, K. (2012) Active emergence from propofol general anesthesia is induced by methylphenidate. Anesthesiology. 116: 998.##
3
Clarke, K.W., Trim, C.M., Hall, L.W. (2014) Veterinary Anaesthesia, (11th ed.) Elsevier Ltd., China. p. 71-100.##
4
Dobkin, A.B. (1960) Drugs which stimulate affective behaviour. Anaesthesia. 15: 146-153.##
5
Dodson, M., Fryer, J. (1980) Postoperative effects of methylphenidate. Br J Anaesth. 52: 1265-1270.##
6
Evers, W., Malik, K., Dobkin, A.B. (1965) Influence of doxapram hydrochloride on recovery from Thiopental anaesthesia. Can Anaesth Soc J. 12: 281-287.##
7
Ferguson, J.T., Linn, F.V., Sheets, J.A., Nickels, M.M. (1956) Methylphenidate (Ritalin) hydrochloride parenteral solution: preliminary report. J Am Med Assoc. 162: 1303-1304.##
8
Gale, A. (1959) The clinical use of methylphenidate for central stimulation in oversedated patients. Anesth Analg. 38: 406-413.##
9
Giorgi, M., Prise, U., Soldani, G., Neri, D., Lavy, E. (2010) Pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate following two oral formulations (immediate and sustained release) in the dog. Vet Res Commun. 34: 73-77.##
10
Haskins, S., Farver, T., Patz, J. (1986) Cardiovascular changes in dogs given diazepam and diazepam-ketamine. Am J Vet Res. 47: 795-798.##
11
Heal, D., Cheetham, S., Smith, S. (2009) The neuropharmacology of ADHD drugs in vivo: insights on efficacy and safety. Neuropharmacology. 57: 608-618.##
12
Horner, W.E., Johnson, D.E., Schmidt, A.W., Rollema, H. (2007) Methylphenidate and atomoxetine increase histamine release in rat prefrontal cortex. Eur J Pharmacol. 558: 96-97.##
13
Jiménez, C.P., Mathis, A., Mora, S.S., Brodbelt, D., Alibhai, H. (2012) Evaluation of the quality of the recovery after administration of propofol or alfaxalone for induction of anaesthesia in dogs anaesthetized for magnetic resonance imaging. Vet Anesth Analg. 39: 151-159.##
14
Kennedy, M.J., Smith, L.J. (2014) A comparison of cardiopulmonary function, recovery quality, and total dosages required for induction and total intravenous anesthesia with propofol versus a propofol‐ketamine combination in healthy Beagle dogs. Vet Anesth Analg. 42: 350-359.##
15
Kerenyi, A., Koranyi, E., Sarwer-Foner, G. (1959) The use of intravenous methylphenidate (ritalin) in psychiatric interviewing. Can Med Assoc J. 80: 963.##
16
Kushikata, T., Hirota, K. (2014) Mechanisms of Anesthetic Emergence: Evidence for Active Reanimation. Curr Anesthesiol Rep. 4: 49-56.##
17
Martin, W., Sloan, J., Sapira, J., Jasinski, D. (1970) Physiologic, subjective, and behavioral effects of amphetamine, methamphetamine, ephedrine, phenmetrazine, and methylphenidate in man. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 12: 245-258.##
18
Muir, W., Lerche, P., Wiese, A., Nelson, L., Pasloske, K., Whittem, T. (2008) Cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects of clinical and supraclinical doses of alfaxalone in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg. 35: 451-462.##
19
Petrenko, A.B., Takamatsu, M., Baba, H. (2012) Should we use psychostimulant drugs to boost the emergence from general anesthesia? Anesthesiology. 117: 1393-1394.##
20
Pillay, S., Vizuete, J.A., McCallum, J.B., Hudetz, A.G. (2011) Norepinephrine Infusion into Nucleus Basalis Elicits Micro-Arousal in Desflurane-anesthetized Rats. Anesthesiology. 115: 733.##
21
Plourde, G., Chartrand, D., Fiset, P., Font, S., Backman, S. (2003) Antagonism of sevoflurane anaesthesia by physostigmine: effects on the auditory steady‐state response and bispectral index. Br J Anaesth. 91: 583-586.##
22
Rankin, D.C. (2015) Sedatives and Tranquilizer. In: Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. The Fifth Edition of Lumb and Jones. Grimm, K.A., Lamont, L.A., Tranquilli, W.J., Greene, S.A., Robertson, S.A. (eds.). John Wiley & Sons Inc., Pondicherry, India. p. 196-206.##
23
Roberts, H. (1961) Postoperative administration of methylphenidate. Can Anaesth Soc J. 8: 257-264.##
24
Shirasaka, T., Yonaha, T., Onizuka, S., Tsuneyoshi, I. (2011) Effects of orexin-A on propofol anesthesia in rats. J Anesth. 25: 65-71.##
25
Solt, K., Cotten, J.F., Cimenser, A., Wong, K.F., Chemali, J.J., Brown, E.N. (2011) Methylphenidate actively induces emergence from general anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 115: 791.##
26
Tose, R., Kushikata, T., Yoshida, H., Kudo, M., Furukawa, K., Ueno, S., Hirota, K., Orexin, A. (2009) Orexin A decreases ketamine-induced anesthesia time in the rat: the relevance to brain noradrenergic neuronal activity. Anesth Analg. 108: 491-495.##
27
Wang, Q., Fong, R., Mason, P., Fox, A.P., Xie, Z. (2014) Caffeine accelerates recovery from general anesthesia. J Neurophysiol. 111: 1331-1340.##
28
Wong, D.H., Jenkins, L.C. (1974) An experimental study of the mechanism of action of ketamine on the central nervous system. Can Anaesth Soc J. 21: 57-67.##
29
Ying, S.-W., Goldstein, P.A. (2005) Propofol suppresses synaptic responsiveness of somatosensory relay neurons to excitatory input by potentiating GABA. Mol pain. 1: 2.##
30
Zapata, M., Hofmeister, E. (2013) Refinement of the dose of doxapram to counteract the sedative effects of acepromazine in dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 54: 405-408.##
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Macroscopic and histopathological examinations of liver lesions in slaughtered cattle in Zabol City, Iran
Background:Liver lesions in cattle not only have negative effects on the cattle breedingindustry, but also lead to loss of animal protein production, and in particularto endanger the consumers’ health. OBJECTIVES:This study was carried out to examine the macroscopic and histopathologiclesions of liver in slaughtered cattle of Zabol City. METHODS:Livers of 281 cattle slaughtered at the industrial slaughterhouse of Zabol Citywere collected from March to September 2015 for gross and microscopicinvestigation. Tissue processing was conducted from specimens inspected totissue lesions with routine protocol and histopathological changes of liverswere examined under light microscopy. RESULTS:Macroscopic investigation of 281 cases showed 90 livers (32.02%) with gross lesions.In histopathological examination, there were 83 cases (29.53%) withhydatidosis, 3 cases (1.07%) with fasciolosis, 2 cases (0.71%) withperihepatitis and 2 cases (0.71%) with lipidosis. CONCLUSIONS:Based on the results of this study, the most frequent liver lesion in cattleslaughtered in Zabol City was hydatidosis indicating the active life cycle of Echinococcusguanulosus and the outbreak of this parasitic disease in dogs and othercarnivores in Sistan region
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_66137_8cf620c6e91ba27d9b9b7bcfbd9147db.pdf
2018-06-01
135
144
10.22059/ijvm.2018.248683.1004869
Cattle
Histopathology
liver
macroscopic
slaughtered cattle
Abolghasem
Sanjari
aboalghasem.sanjari@gmail.com
1
Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyedeh Ayda
Davari
davari.aida1@gmail.com
2
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehdi
Rasekh
mrasekh@gmail.com
3
Department of clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
AUTHOR
Bobe, G., Young, J.W., Beitz, D.C. (2004) Invited review: pathology, etiology, prevention, and treatment of fatty liver in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 87: 3105-3124.##
1
Borji, H., Azizzadeh, M., Afsai, A. (2012) An abattoir-based study on the prevalence of hydatidosis in livestock in Mashhad, Iran. J Helminthol. 86: 233-236.###
2
Doré, E., Fecteau, G., Hélie, P., Francoz, D. (2007) Liver abscesses in Holstein dairy cattle: 18 cases (1992-2003). J Vet Intern Med. 21: 853-856.##
3
Ezatpour, B., Hasanvand, A., Azami, M., Mahmoudvand, H., Anbari, K. (2014) A slaughterhouse study on prevalence of some helminths of cattle in Lorestan provience, west Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 4: 416-420.##
4
Fallah, M., Matini, M., Beygomkia, E., Mobedi, I. (2010) Study of zoonotic tissue parasites (hydatid cyst, fasciola, dicrocoelium and sarcocystis) in Hamadan abattoir. Scientific J Hamadan Univ Med Sci. 17: 5-12. [In Persian]##
5
Ghadrdan-Mashhadi, A.R., Mazaheri, Y., Rastegar, Gh. (2007) A survey on frequency and kinds of foreign bodies of rumen and reticulum and reticular adhesion in buffaloes slaughtered in Ahvaz abattoir. J Vet Res. 62: 39-43. [In Persian]##
6
Hajighahremani, S.H., Ghane, M. (2010) Traumatic reticuloperitonitis in cattle of Khorramabad (center of Lorestan provenience, west of Iran). Glob Vet. 5: 135-139.##
7
Hosseini, S.H., Vaezi, V., Jafari, G., Rezaei, A., Carami, G. (2004) Epidemiological study of fasciolosis in Kermanshah province. J Vet Res. 59: 201-206. [In Persian]##
8
Hosseini, S.H., Meshgi, B., Abbassi, A., Eslami, A. (2012) Animal fascioliasis in coastal regions of the Caspian Sea, Iran (2006-2007). Iran J Vet Res. 13: 64-67.##
9
Kara, M., Gicik, Y., Sari, B., Bulut, H., Arslan, M.O. (2009) A slaughterhouse study on prevalence of some helminthes of cattle and sheep in Malatya province, Turkey. Asian J Anim Vet Adv. 8: 2200-2205.##
10
Magaji, A.A., Ibrahim, K., Salihu, M.D., Saulawa, M.A., Mohammed, A.A., Musawa, A.I. (2014) Prevalence of fascioliasis in cattle slaughtered in Sokoto Metropolitan abattoir, Sokoto, Nigeria. Adv Epidemiol. Article ID: 247258, 5 pages. DOI: 10.1155/2014/247258.##
11
Mekuriaw, E., Walelign, B., Awukew, A. (2016) Prevalence of gross pathological lesion in lung and liver of cattle slaughtered at Gondar Elfora abattoir, North West, Ethiopia. Int J Appl Res. 2: 475-480.##
12
Mellau, L.S.B., Nonga, H.E., Karimuribo, E.D. (2010) A slaughterhouse survey of liver lesions in slaughtered cattle, sheep and goats at Arusha, Tanzania. Res J Vet Sci. 3: 179-188.##
13
Moshfe, A.A., Bagheri, M., Mohebi Nobandeghany, Z. (2003) Prevalence of Fasciola Hepatica in slaughtered livestock in Yasuj’s slaughterhouse 1381-1382. Armaghan-e-Danesh. 8: 25-32. [In Persian]##
14
Mungube, E.O., Bauni, S.M., Tenhagen, B.A., Wamae, L.W., Nginyi, J.M., Mugambi, J.M. (2006) The prevalence and economic significance of Fasciola gigantica and Stilesia hepatica in slaughtered animals in the semi-arid coastal Kenya. Trop Anim Health Prod. 38: 475-483.##
15
Oryan, A., Goorgipour, S., Moazeni, M., Shirian, S. (2012) Abattoir prevalence, organ distribution, public health and economic importance of major metacestodes in sheep, goats and cattle in Fars, southern Iran. Trop Biomed. 29: 349-359.##
16
Ramin, A.G., Tajic, H., Nozad, S.H., Jelodari, B., Ashtab, G.H., Jelodary, M., et al. (2012) Evaluation of the liver lipid and liver dry matter and their relationship in ruminants slaughtered in Urmia slaughterhouse. J Pajouhesh & Sazandegi. 25: 35-40. [In Persian]##
17
Raoofi, A., Bazargani, T.T., Tabatabayi, A.H. (2001) An abattoir survey on the frequency of fatty liver syndrome in dairy cows from the suburbs of Tehran. Trop Anim Health Prod. 33: 15-19.##
18
Rezaei Saber, A.P., Nouri, M. (2009) Assessment of triacylglycerole level of hepatic cells and total bilirubin and glucose of serum in hybrid dairy cows slaughtered in Ahwaz abattoir. J Vet Clin Pathol. 2: 327-336. [In Persian]##
19
Rostami Nejad, M., Jahani-Sherafat, S., Cheraghipour, K., Nazemallhoseini Mojarad, E., Taghipour, N., Zali, M.R. (2012) Hydatic cyst prevalence in slaughtered animals, a neglected health problem. JPS. 3: 25-29.##
20
Sohair, I.B., Eman, M.N. (2009) Histopathological and bacteriological studies on livers affected with fascioliasis in cattle. Egypt J Comp Pathol Clin Pathol. 22: 19-45.##
21
Taghavi, M., Mirzaei, M., Fartashvand, M. (2013) An abattoir survey of liver and lung hydatidosis in northwest Iran. J Nov Appl Sci. 2: 710-712.##
22
Yakhchali, M., Gargi, B. (2006) A survey on prevalence of hydatidosis in slaughtered ruminant in Baneh (Kurdistan province) in 2001. Iran Vet J. 10: 88-95. [In Persian]##
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of computerized digital and analog radiography for detection of bronchial pattern in dogs
Background: Analog radiography has been replaced with digital radiography for canine diagnostic imaging in many veterinary clinics. There is no data comparing these modalities in a veterinary clinical setting to detect bronchial pattern signs in dogs. Objectives: In this study, computerized digital radiography (CR) and analog radiography were compared for diagnosis of bronchial pattern in dogs. Methods: Forty-five healthy (based on clinical examination and history taking) mixed breed dogs were divided into 3 age groups: up to two, two-six and more than 6 years old. Each group contained fifteen dogs. DR and FSR in right to left lateral (RL) and ventrodorsal (VD) views were taken. Two expert radiologists interpreted the radiographs based on counting bronchial ring and tram line signs in a double blinded scheme. Results: The statistical analysis of results, with Sign Test, shows that more bronchial ring and tram-like signs were counted with both radiologists using digital radiography. In addition, countable bronchial signs on right lateral position by digital and analog radiography were significantly more than in ventrodorsal view. In comparison with analog images, a greater number of bronchial ring and tram-like signs are associated with greater diagnostic confidence in digital modality. Conclusions: This study shows superior ability of digital radiography for detecting details in thoracic radiography of normal dogs in comparison with analog radiography. Since digital radiography is getting to be more commonly used by veterinary practitioners, it is necessary to understand the shortcomings of current classification of pulmonary pattern approach in digital radiology.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_66062_e7bab53b037d60482287d2542cb3228b.pdf
2018-06-01
145
152
10.22059/ijvm.2018.226261.1004795
Analog
bronchial pattern
digital
Dog
Radiography
Amir
Tavakoli
tavakoli.amir.ir@gmail.com
1
Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Vajhi
avajhi@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Molazem
mmolazem@ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sarang
Soroori
soroori@ut.ac.ir
4
Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir
Rostami
arostami@ut.ac.ir
5
Department of Small Animal Internal Medicinel, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Hassankhani
mhassankhani@gmail.com
6
Department of Internal Medicinel, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Davood
Faskhoodi
faskhoodi@ut.ac.ir
7
Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Alexander, K., Joly, H., Blond, L., D’Anjou, M. A., Nadeau, M. È., Olive, J., Beauchamp, G. (2012) A comparison of computed tomography, computed radiography, and film‐screen radiography for the detection of canine pulmonary nodules. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 53: 258-265.##
1
Donald E.Thrall (a) (2013) Principles of radiographic interpretation of the Thorax, In Thrall, Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology. 6TH ed. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. U.S.A. p. 474-488.##
2
Donald E.Thrall (b) (2013) The Canine and Feline Lung, In Thrall, Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology. 6TH ed. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. U.S.A. p. 608-631.##
3
Drost, W. T. (2011) Transitioning to digital radiography. J Vet Emerg Crit Care. 21: 137-143.##
4
DuNWortH, D. (1993) The respiratory system. In: Pathology of Domestic Animals. Jubb, K.V.F., Kennedy, P.C., Palmer, N., (eds.) Academic Press, San Diego, USA. p. 538-699.##
5
Farrow, C. S. (1995) Critical thinking: the perils of pattern recognition. Can Vet J. 36: 57-58.##
6
Ganten, M., Radeleff, B., Kampschulte, A., Daniels, M.D., Kauffmann, G.W., Hansmann, J. (2003) Comparing image quality of flat-panel chest radiography with storage phosphor radiography and film-screen radiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 181: 171-176.##
7
Konen, E., Greenberg, I., Rozenman, J. (2005) Visibility of normal thoracic anatomic landmarks on storage phosphor digital radiography versus conventional radiography. IMAJ. 7: 495-497.##
8
Mathieson, J. R., Mayo, J. R., Staples, C. A., Müller, N. L. (1989) Chronic diffuse infiltrative lung disease: comparison of diagnostic accuracy of CT and chest radiography. Radiology, 171: 111-116.##
9
Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Ebermaier, C., Wolvekamp, P., Tellheim, B., Meutstege, F.J., Lang, J., Hartung, K., Fehr, M., Nolte, I. (2008) Comparative evaluation of analog and digital radiographs of six different body-regions of the dog. Berl Munch Tierarztl J. 121: 216-227. (in German).##
10
Niesterok, C., Köhler, C., Ludewig, E., Alef, M., Oechtering, G., Kiefer, I. (2013) Comparison of projection radiography and computed tomography for the detection of pulmonary nodules in the dog and cat. Tieraerztl Prax K H. 41: 155-162. (in German).##
11
Reed, J.C. (1997) Chest radiology: plain film patterns and differential diagnoses. 6TH ed. Elsevier Health Sciences, Philadelphia. U.S.A. p. 185-432.##
12
Reeder M., Felson B. (2003) Reeder and Felson’s Gamuts in Radiology: Comprehensive Lists of Roentgen Differential Diagnosis. 4th ed. Springer-Verlag, New York. U.S.A. p, 493-530.##
13
Reif, J.S., Rhodes, W.H. (1966) The Lungs of Aged Dogs: A Radiographic‐Morphologic Correlation. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 7: 5-11.##
14
Scrivani, P.V. (2009) Nontraditional interpretation of lung patterns. Veterinary Clinics of North America: J Small Anim Pract. 39: 719-732.##
15
Suter, P. F., Chan, K. F. (1968) Disseminated Pulmonary Diseases in Small Animals: A Radiographic Approach to Diagnosis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 9: 67-79.##
16
Suter, P.F., Lord, P.F. (1984) Thoracic Radiography: A Text Atlas of Thoracic Diseases of the Dog and Cat. Peter, F. (ed.). Suter. Wettswil, Switzerland. p. 1-45.##
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of fish oil supplementation and forage source on performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion and chewing behaviour of Holstein bulls
Background: Fat supplementation in ruminants ration often adversely affect dry matter intake (DMI), rumen fermentation and nutrients digestion. Basal diet ingredients is an undeniable determinant of ruminants responses including performance, chewing behaviour and nutrient digestibility to fat supplementation. Objective: Current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Fish oil (FO) supplementation under different proportion of alfalfa hay (AH) and corn silage (CS) in ration on performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility and chewing behaviour of Holstein young bulls. Methods: Thirty six Holstein young bulls were used in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with 2 levels of AH proportion (10 and 20 % of AH versus 20 and 10 % of dietary CS) combined with 3 levels of FO supplement (0, 1 and 2.1% of dietary dry matter). Calves were fed TMR consisting of 30 % of forage and 70 % of barley grain-based concentrate mix (dry matter basis). The experiment lasted for 90 days. Results: Dry matter intake was not affected by interaction of AH proportion and FO supplementation. Higher dietary CS proportion caused more DMI regardless of FO supplementation (8.71 versus 8.00 kg/d respectively for treatments with high and low CS proportion; P < 0.01). Highest level of FO reduced DMI regardless of AH proportion (8.65, 8.52 and 7.90 kg/d respectively for 0, 1 and 2.1 % of FO; P < 0.01). Rumen fermentation and nutrients digestibility were not affected by dietary treatments. Rumination times per kg of dry matter (DM) and physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) > 1.18 were increased in response to FO supplementation regardless of AH proportion (P < 0.01). High AH proportion showed lower total chewing activity and total rumination time (P < 0.01), higher chewing activity per kg of peNDF > 1.18 intake and eating times per kg of DM and peNDF > 1.18 intake (P < 0.01) regardless of FO supplementation. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that AH can be replaced by CS to prevent depression in DMI and stimulate chewing activity in the case of fat supplementation.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_65823_e5f6b2a9011042e7c606086de9a66bfe.pdf
2018-06-01
153
166
10.22059/ijvm.2017.241303.1004841
chewing behaviour
fat supplementation
forage type
nutrient digestibility
performance
Hossein
Zakariapour Bahnamiri
h.zakariapour@ut.ac.ir
1
Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahdi
Ganjkhanlou
ganjkhanlou@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Abolfazl
Zali
zalia@can.ut.ac.ir
3
Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Sara
Ataei Nazari
saraattaee@ut.ac.ir
4
Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Alizadeh, A., Alikhani, M., Ghorbani, G., Rahmani, H., Rashidi, L., Loor, J. (2012) Effects of feeding roasted safflower seeds (variety IL‐111) and fish oil on dry matter intake, performance and milk fatty acid profiles in dairy cattle. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 96: 466-473.##
1
AOAC, W.H. (1990) Official methods of analysis. Arlington, VA,USA.##
2
Beauchemin, K., Eriksen, L., Nørgaard, P., Rode, L. (2008) Short communication: Salivary secretion during meals in lactating dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. 91: 2077-2081.##
3
Bhatt, R., Soren, N., Tripathi, M., Karim, S. (2011) Effects of different levels of coconut oil supplementation on performance, digestibility, rumen fermentation and carcass traits of Malpura lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 164: 29-37.##
4
Council, N.R. (1996) Nutrient requirements of beef cattle, National Academy Press Washington, DC, USA.##
5
Czerkawski, J., Clapperton, J. (1984) Fats as energy-yielding compounds in the ruminant diet. In: Fats in animal nutrition. Wiseman, J. (ed.). Bullerwo rth, Londonm, Uk.##
6
Harvatine, K., Allen, M. (2005) The effect of production level on feed intake, milk yield, and endocrine responses to two fatty acid supplements in lactating cows. J Dairy Sci. 88: 4018-4027.##
7
Harvatine, K., Allen, M. (2006) Effects of fatty acid supplements on feed intake, and feeding and chewing behavior of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 89: 1104-1112.##
8
Kadkhoday, A., Riasi, A., Alikhani, M., Dehghan-Banadaky, M., Kowsar, R. (2017) Effects of fat sources and dietary C18: 2 to C18: 3 fatty acids ratio on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and some blood components of Holstein calves. Livest Sci. 204: 71-77.##
9
Kargar, S., Khorvash, M., Ghorbani, G., Alikhani, M., Yang, W. (2010) Effects of dietary fat supplements and forage: concentrate ratio on feed intake, feeding, and chewing behavior of Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 93: 4297-4301.##
10
Kirovski, D., Blond, B., Katić, M., Marković, R., Šefer, D. (2015) Milk yield and composition, body condition, rumen characteristics, and blood metabolites of dairy cows fed diet supplemented with palm oil. Chem Biol Technol Agric. 2: 6.##
11
Kononoff, P., Heinrichs, A., Buckmaster, D. (2003) Modification of the Penn State forage and total mixed ration particle separator and the effects of moisture content on its measurements. J Dairy Sci. 86: 1858-1863.##
12
Kowsar, R., Ghorbani, G., Alikhani, M., Khorvash, M., Nikkhah, A. (2008) Corn silage partially replacing short alfalfa hay to optimize forage use in total mixed rations for lactating cows. J Dairy Sci. 91: 4755-4764.##
13
Mach, N., Devant, M., Díaz, I., Font-Furnols, M., Oliver, M., García, J., Bach, A. (2006)Increasing the amount of n-3 fatty acid in meat from young Holstein bulls through nutrition. J Anim Sci. 84: 3039-3048.##
14
Martínez Marín, A.L., Pérez Hernández, M., Alba, P., Luis, M., Carrión Pardo, D., Garzón Sigler, A.I., Gómez Castro, G. (2013) Fat addition in the diet of dairy ruminants and its effects on productive parameters. Rev Colomb Cienc Pec. 26: 69-78.##
15
Messana, J.D., Berchielli, T.T., Arcuri, P.B., Ribeiro, A.F., Fiorentini, G., Canesin, R.C. (2012) Effects of different lipid levels on protozoa population, microbial protein synthesis and rumen degradability in cattle. Acta Sci Anim Sci. 34: 279-285.##
16
Nawaz, H., Ali, M. (2016) Effect of supplemental fat on dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, milk yield and milk composition of ruminants. Pak J Agr Sci. 53: 271-275.##
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18
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Onetti, S., Shaver, R., McGuire, M., Palmquist, D., Grummer, R. (2002) Effect of supplemental tallow on performance of dairy cows fed diets with different corn silage: alfalfa silage ratios. J Dairy Sci. 85: 632-641.##
20
Patra, A.K. (2013) The effect of dietary fats on methane emissions, and its other effects on digestibility, rumen fermentation and lactation performance in cattle: A meta-analysis. Livest Sci. 155: 244-254.##
21
Pirondini, M., Colombini, S., Mele, M., Malagutti, L., Rapetti, L., Galassi, G., Crovetto, G. (2015) Effect of dietary starch concentration and fish oil supplementation on milk yield and composition, diet digestibility, and methane emissions in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 98: 357-372.##
22
Salem, H.B., Krzeminski, R., Ferlay, A., Doreau, M. (1993) Effect of lipid supply on in vivo digestion in cows: comparison of hay and corn silage diets. Can J Anim Sci. 73: 547-557.##
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Smith, W., Harris, B., Van Horn, H., Wilcox, C. (1993) Effects of Forage Type on Production of Dairy Cows Supplemented with Whole Cottonseed, Tallow, and Yeast1. J Dairy Sci. 76: 205-215.##
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28
Yang, W., Beauchemin, K., Rode, L. (2000) Effects of barley grain processing on extent of digestion and milk production of lactating cows. J Dairy Sci. 83: 554-568.##
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pastry cream products sold in Amol (Iran)
Abstract Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been recognized as a matter of antibiotic resistance that is largely developed amongst common foodborne pathogens. MRSA is being considered as an important worldwide health threat and causes considerable concern to clinicians, food products manufacturers, governments and also consumers. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to detect MRSA isolated from 360 samples of pastry cream products sold in the local markets in Amol, June 2016- May 2017, by plate count method and molecular technique. METHODS: The conventional plate counting method was conducted through inoculating appropriate dilutions of samples onto the Baired Parker Agar plates. MRSA isolates were detected by PCR method using mecA primers set. The resistance of isolated MRSA strains against some antibiotics was determined. RESULTS: Out of 360 pastry cream samples tested, 41.6% (150 samples) were contaminated by S. aureus with an average count of 4.94 log CFU/g in summer; 4.72 log CFU/g in autumn, 2.74 log CFU/g in winter and 3.62 log CFU/g in spring. Eleven samples out of 360 tested (3.05%) showed positive results for the mecA gene. No MRSA isolate was identified amongst winter samples. 56% of isolated strains showed sensitivity to oxacillin, 7% of isolates were sensitive to penicillin, 23 to ampicillin, 82% to gentamicin and 33% to tetracycline. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, monitoring and improving the hygienic conditions of food production chain and educating food handlers and staff involved in food preparation is recommended in order to prevent MRSA prevalence.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_66017_0e9245b301bc4e78660db9e854a39bca.pdf
2018-06-01
167
174
10.22059/ijvm.2018.239306.1004831
Antibiotic
methicillin-resistant
pastry products
PCR
Staphylococcus aureus
Maryam
Azizkhani
azizkhani.maryam@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fahimeh
Tooryan
f.tooryan@umz.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
AUTHOR
Asao, T., Kumeda, T., Kawai, T., Shibata, H., Oda, H., Haruki, K., et al. (2003) An extensive outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning due to low-fat milk in Japan: estimation of enterotoxin A in the incriminated milk and powdered skim milk. Epidemiol Infect. 130: 30-40.##
1
Basanisi, M.G., La Bella, G., Nobili, G., Franconieri, I., La Salandra, G. (2017) Genotyping of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from milk and dairy products in South Italy. Food Microbiol. 62: 141-146.##
2
Caruso, M., Latorre, L., Santagada, G., Fraccalvieri, R., Miccolupo, A., Sottili, R., Palazzo, L., Parisi, A. (2016) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in sheep and goat bulk tank milk from Southern Italy. Small Rumin Res. 135: 26–31.##
3
Cho, S.H., Kim, J.H., Kim, J.C., Shin, H.H., Kang, Y.H., Lee, B.K. (2006) Surveillance of bacterial pathogens associated with acute diarrheal disease in the Republic of Korea during one year, 2003. J Microbiol. 44: 327–335.##
4
Cho, S.H., Shin, H.H., Choi, Y.H., Park, M.S., Lee, B.K. (2008) Enteric bacteria isolated from acute diarrheal patients in the Republic of Korea between the year 2004 and 2006. J Microbiol. 46: 325–330.##
5
Herrera, F.C., García-López, M.L., Santos, J.A. (2016) Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk fresh cheese in Colombia. J Dairy Sci. 99: 1–5.##
6
Hosseini Jazani, N., Babazadeh,H. (2012) Prevalence of enterotoxigenic and methicillin resistant S. aureus in several types of cream filled pastries in Uromia confectionaries. Med J Uromia. 24: 45-51.##
7
Jones, T. F., Kellum, M. E., Porter, S. S., Bell, M., Schaffner, W. (2002) An outbreak of community-acquired foodborne illness caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Emerg Infect Dis. 8: 82-84.##
8
Jorgensen, H. J., Mork, T., Hogasen, H. R., Rovik, L. M. (2005) Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in bulk milk in Norway. J Appl Microbiol. 99: 158-166.##
9
Kakar, N., Kumar, V., Mehta, G., Sharma, R.C., Koranne, R.V. (1999) Clinico-bacteriological study of pyodermas in children. J Dermatol. 26: 288–293.##
10
Kamal, R.M., Bayoumi, M.A., Abd El Aal. S.F.A. (2013) MRSA detection in raw milk, some dairy products and hands of dairy workers in Egypt, a mini-survey. Food Control. 33: 49-53.##
11
Labrou, M., Michail, G., Ntokou, E., Theodore, E., Pournaras, P. S., Tsakris, A. (2012) Activity of oxacillin versus vancomycin against oxacillin-susceptible mecA positive Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates by population analyses, time-kill assays and a murine thigh infection model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 56(6): 3388-3391.##
12
Leekha1, S., Diekema, D. J., Perencevich, E. N. (2012) Seasonality of staphylococcal infections. Clin Microbiol Infect. 18: 927–933.##
13
Lim, S. K., Nam, J. M., Park, H. J., Lee, H. S., Choi, M. J., Jung, S. C., et al. (2010). Prevalence and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in raw meat in Korea. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 20: 775-778.##
14
Lozano, C., Lopez, M., Gomez-Sanz, E., Ruiz-Larrea, F., Torres, C., Zarazaga, M. (2009) Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in food samples of animal origin in Spain. J Antimicrob Chemother. 64: 1325-1326.##
15
Mancini, F., Monaco, M., Basanisi, M.G., La Salandra, G., Pantosti, A. (2015) An unusual PVL-positive MRSA strain in milk and dairy products from a region of South Italy. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 3: 151-152.##
16
Normanno, G., Corrente, M., La Calandra, G., Dambrosio, A., Quaglia, N.C., Parisi, A., et al. (2007) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in foods of animal origin product in Italy. Int J Food Microbiol. 117: 219–222.##
17
Petinaki, E., Spiliopoulou, L. (2012) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among companion and food-chain animals: impact of human contacts. Clin Microbiol Infect.18: 626-634.##
18
Pu, S., Han, F., Ge, B. (2009) Isolation and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Louisiana retail meats. Appl Environ Microbiol. 75: 265-267.##
19
Riva, A., Borghi, E., Cirasola, D., Colmegna, S., Borgo, F., Amato, E., et al. (2015) Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk: prevalence, SCCmec typing, enterotoxin characterization, and antimicrobial resistance patterns. J Food Prot. 78: 1142-1146.##
20
Weese, J. S., Avery, B. P., Reid-Smith, R. J. (2010) Detection and quantification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones in retail meat products. Lett Appl Microbiol. 51: 338-342.##
21
Weese, J.S., Reid-Smith, R., Rousseau, J., Avery, B. P. (2010) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) contamination of retail pork. Can Vet J. 51: 749-752.##
22
Wehr, H. M., Frank, J. F. (2004) Staphylococcus aureus direct plate count. In: Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products. (17th ed). American Public Health Press.Washington D.C, USA. p. 132-135.##
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparative histomorphometric study of the various segments of the spinal cord in the adult male and female mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii)
Background: Anatomical and histological studies of the spinal cord have always garnered anatomists’ attention because of their high importance in various fields of veterinary medicine, zoology and behavioral science. OBJECTIVES: This work was conducted to understand the detailed histomorphometric aspects of the spinal cord of Indian gray mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii). METHODS: Six adult Indian grey mongooses in the terminal stages of disease and the status of approaching death were used in the present study. The spinal cords were dissected and fixed in 10% buffer formalin then paraffinized and sections of 6 μm thick were cut and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. In this study, the vertical and transverse diameters of the spinal cord, central canal, the length of the ependymal cells and the ratio of gray matter to white matter in the selected spinal cord segments, were measured with standard micrometric method using light microscope. RESULTS: In male and female mongooses, the longest transverse and vertical diameters of spinal cord segments were observed in the lumbar region. Although this stability and readability of the data were not seen in the transverse and vertical diameters of the central channel. Also, the highest ependymal cells in both sexes were observed in the lumbar region. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the transverse diameter of spinal cord is larger than the vertical one and the largest measured diameter and ratio of gray matter to white matter were identified in lumbosacral area.
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_65556_ef182cf470e4d6fcf9982e86ffeba76c.pdf
2018-06-01
175
181
10.22059/ijvm.2018.235692.1004817
comparative
histomorphomtery
mongoose
segments
spinal cord
Babak
Rasouli
babrs32@yahoo.com
1
Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Soghra
Gholami
gholami@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Choudhury, A., Wozencraft, C., Muddapa, D. Yonzon,. P., Jennings, A., Geraldine, V. (2011) Herpestes edwardsii. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. www.iucnredlist.org.##
1
Chandna, I.S., Tyagi, R.P.S. (1981) Radiographic and topographic anatomy of the vertebral column and the spinal cord of caprines. Indian Vet J. 58: 649-651. ##
2
Farag, F.M., Elayat, M.A., Wally, Y.R., Elkarmoty, A.F. (2012) Morphometric studies on the spinal cord segments of the gomestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) J Vet Anat. 2: 33-47.##
3
Ghazi, S.R., Gholami, S. (1994) Allometric growth of the spinal cord in relation to the vertebral column during prenatal and postnatal life in the sheep (Ovis aries) J Anat. 185: 427-431. ##
4
Ghazi, S.R., Gholami, S., Khaksar, Z. (1998) Allometric growth of the spinal cord in relation to the vertebral column during postnatal life in one humped male camel (Camelus dromedarius). J Camel Pract Res. 5: 75-79.##
5
Ghazi, S.R., Khaksar, Z., Gholami, S. (2001) Comparative study of the allometric growth rate of the spinal cord in relation to the vertebral column in newborn male and female laboratory animals: rabbit, guinea pig and rat. Iran J Vet Res. 2: 18-24.##
6
Khaksar, Z., Ghazi, S.R., Gholami, S. (2002) Quantitative study of the vertebral column and spinal cord in adult male and female pigeons. University of Tehran, J Fac Vet Med. 57: 39-42.##
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Malinska,, J., Hubackova, E., Malinsky., J. (1976)A topographical and quantitative anatomical study of the spinal cord in the mole. Acta University Palacky Olomus Faculty Med. 76: 169-178.##
8
Mansouri, S.H., Ghazi, S.R., Ai, J. (2002) Histomorphometric study of the various segments of the spinal cord in prenatal and postnatal ages of the male dog. Iran J Vet Res. 3: 141-149.##
9
Rasouli, B., Gholami, S., Ahrari, M.S. (2015) Topographic and morphometric studies on the spinal cord of the male and female indian gray mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii), Cibtech Journal of Zoology. 4: 75-82.##
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Sharma, D.N., Rao, G.S. (1971) Anatomy of the spinal cord segments of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Acta Anat. 79: 51-59.##
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Shil, S.K., Das, B.C., Uddin, M., Rahman, M.L., Quasem, M.A. (2012) Anatomy of digestive and respiratory system of Indian grey mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii) Univ. J Zool Rajshahi Uni. 31: 83-84.##
12
Williams, P., Warwick, R., Dyson, M., Bannister, L. (2015) Gray’s Anatomy. (41st ed.) Churchill Livingston. London, UK. p. 922.##
13
Wu, Y., Satkunendrarajah, K., Teng, Y., Chow, D.S., Buttigieg, J., Fehlings, M.G. (2013) Delayed post-injury administration of riluzole is neuroprotective in a preclinical rodent model of cervical spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 30: 441-52.##
14