2015 9 3 3 73

1 مقایسه متابولیت های وابسته به انرژی در دوره حوالی زایش در میش های آبستن تک قلو و دوقلو از نژاد لری-بختیاری Comparison of energy related metabolites during peri-parturition period in single and twin-bearing Lori-Bakhtiari ewes https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_55282.html 10.22059/ijvm.2015.55282 1 Background: The Lori-Bakhtiari sheep breed is one of the most common native breed in the south-western parts of Iran. The peri-parturition period (2 weeks before to, 2 weeks after parturition), is generally of critical importance regarding the health, production and profitability of the ewes. OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to compare the serum concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and calcium (Ca) during peri-parturition period in 30 single and 30 twin-bearing Lori-Bakhtiari ewes. METHODS: All blood profiles were determined in healthy ewes on days 14, 7 prepartum, and days 7 and 14 postpartum. RESULTS: Serum glucose levels were lower in twin-bearing ewes, compared to single-bearing ewes on prepartum and day 7 after lambing. Serum NEFA, BHBA and cholesterol levels were higher in twin-bearing ewes compared to single-bearing ewes during the peri-parturition period. Lower serum Ca levels were recorded 7 days before and after parturition in twin-bearing ewes, compared to single-bearing ewes. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that NEFA and BHBA recorded significant (p<0.05) changes during the peri-parturition period in twin-bearing ewes. These significant differences could be related to increased metabolic demands of the fetuses in twin-bearing ewes.  0 زمینه مطالعه: نژاد لری-بختیاری یکی از متداولترین نژادهای بومی گوسفند در بخش‌های جنوب غربی ایران است. به طور کلی دوره حوالی زایش (از 2 هفته قبل تا 2 هفته بعد از زایمان) از نظر سلامتی، تولید و سودآوری میش‌ها اهمیتی بحرانی دارد. هدف: این تحقیق با هدف مقایسه غلظت سرمی گلوکز، اسیدهای چرب غیراستریفیه (NEFA)، بتا هیدروکسی بوتیرات (BHBA)، کلسترول، نیتروژن اوره خون (BUN) و کلسیم در دوره حوالی زایش در 30 رأس میش آبستن تک قلو و 30 رأس میش آبستن دوقلو از نژاد لری-بختیاری انجام گردید. روش کار: تمامی پارامترهای خونی در میش‌های سالم و در روزهای 14 و 7 قبل از زایمان و روزهای 7 و 14 بعد از زایمان اندازه گیری شد. نتایج: میزان گلوکز سرم در میش‌های با آبستنی دوقلو در مقایسه با میش‌های با آبستنی تک قلو در قبل از زایمان و روز 7 بعد از زایمان کمتر بود. مقادیر سرمی NEFA، BHBA و کلسترول در میش‌های آبستن دوقلو در دوره حوالی زایش بیشتر از میش‌های آبستن تک قلو بود. میزان کلسیم سرم در روزهای 7 قبل و بعد از زایمان در میش‌های با آبستنی دوقلو کمتر از میش‌های آبستن تک قلو بود. نتیجه گیری نهایی: نتایج نشان داد که تغییرات در میزان NEFA و BHBA در دوره حوالی زایش در میش‌های آبستن دوقلو معنی‌دار (05/0>p) هستند. این تفاوت‌های معنی‌دار می‌تواند ناشی از افزایش نیازهای متابولیک جنین‌ها در میش‌های آبستن دوقلو باشد. 149 154 افشین رئوفی Afshin Raoofi Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran raoofi@ut.ac.ir محسن جعفریان Mohsen Jafarian Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran m.jafariand@yahoo.com شهاب الدین صافی Shahabeddin Safi Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran safishahab@yahoo.com محمود وطنخواه Mahmoud Vatankhah Department of Animal Sciences, Agriculture and Natural Resources Center, Shahre-Kord, Iran Iran vatankhah_mah@yahoo.com Energy metabolites Lori-Bakhtiari sheep peri-parturition period twin-bearing Balıkcı, E., Yıldız, A., Gurdogan, F. (2007) Blood metabolite concentrations during pregnancy and postpartum in Akkaraman ewes. Small Rumin Res. 67: 247-251.##Edmondson, M.A., Pugh, D.G. (2009) Pregnancy toxemia in sheep and goats. In: Current Veterinary Therapy Food Animal Practice 5. Anderson, D. E., Rings, D. M.  (eds.). Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, USA. p. 144-145.##El-Sherif, M.M.A., Assad, F. (2001) Changes in some blood constituents of Barki ewes during pregnancy and lactation under semi arid conditions. Small Rumin Res. 40: 269-277.##Fırat, A., Özpınar, A. (2002) Metabolic profile of pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and early lactation in multiple lambing Sakiz ewes 1. Changes in plasma glucose, 3-hydroxybutyrate and cortisol levels. Ann Nutr Metab. 46: 57-61.##Goff, J.P. (2009) Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus: in Large Animal Internal Medicine, (4th ed.) Smith B.P.  (ed.). Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis, USA. p. 1369-1377.##Hamadeh, M.E., Bostedt, H., Failing, K. (1996) Studies on relevant metabolism parameters in blood plasma of highly pregnant and nonpregnant ewes. Berl. Munch. Tierärztl. Wochenschr. 109: 81–86.##Harmeyer, J., Schlumbohm, C. (2006) Pregnancy impairs ketone body disposal in late gestating ewes: Implications for onset of pregnancy toxemia. Res Vet Sci. 81: 254-264.##Henze, P., Bickhardt, K., Fuhrmann, H. (1994) The influences of insulin, cortisol, growth hormone and total oestrogen on the pathogenesis of ketosis in sheep. Deutsch. Tierärztl. Wochensch. 101: 61–65.##Moallem, U., Rozov, A., Gootwine, E., Honig, H. (2012) Plasma concentrations of key metabolites and insulin in late-pregnant ewes carrying 1 to 5 fetuses. J Anim Sci. 90: 318-324.##Moghaddam, G., Hassanpour, A. (2008) Comparison of blood serum glucose, beta hydroxybutyric acid, blood urea nitrogen and calcium concentrations in pregnant and lambed Ewes. J Anim Vet Adv. 7: 308-311.##Nazifi, S., Saeb, M., Ghavami, S.M. (2002) Serum lipid profile in Iranian fat-tailed sheep in late pregnancy, at parturition and during the post-parturition period. J Vet Med Ser A. 49: 9-12.##Radostits, O.M., Gay, C.C., Hinchcliff, K.W., Constable, P.B. (2007) Veterinary Medicine, (10th ed.) Saunders, Edinburgh, UK.##Rodriguez, M.N., Tebot, I., Bas, A., Niievas, C., Leng, L., Cirio, A., Le Bas, A. (1996) Renal functions and urea handling in pregnant and lactating Corriedale ewes. Can J Anim Sci. 76: 469-472.##Schlumbohm, C., Harmeyer, J. (2003) Hypocalcemia reduces endogenous glucose production in hyperketonemic  sheep. J Dairy Sci. 86: 1953- 1962.##Schlumbohm, C., Harmeyer, J. (2004) Hyperketonemia impairs glucose metabolism in pregnant and nonpregnant ewes. J Dairy Sci. 87: 350-358.##Schlumbohm, C., Harmeyer, J. (2008) Twin- pregnancy increases susceptibility of ewes to hypoglycemic stress and pregnancy toxemia. Res Vet Sci. 84: 286-299.##Schlumbohm, C., Sporleder, H.P., Gurtler, H., Harmeyer, J. (1997) The influence of insulin on metabolism of glucose, free fatty acids and glycerol normo- and hypocalcemic ewes during different reproductive states. Deutsch. Tierärztl. Wochenschr. 104: 359-365.##Shadnoush, G.H., Ghorbani, G.R., Edris, M.A. (2004) Effect of different energy levels in feed and slaughter weights on carcass and chemical composition of Lori-Bakhtiari ram lambs. Small Rumin Res. 51: 243-249.##Sigurdsson, H. (1988) The effects of flock, number of fetuses and age on some biochemical blood constituents in ewes in late pregnancy under field conditions.  J Vet Med Ser A.  35: 417-423.##Takarkhede, R.C., Gondane, V.S., Kolte, A.Y., Rekhate, D.H. (1999) Biochemical profile during different phases of reproduction in ewes in comparison to rams. Indian Vet J. 76: 205–207.##Vatankhah, M., Zamani, F. (2007) Phenotypic and genetic characteristics of longevity in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep. Biotechnol Anim Husb. 23: 323-329.##Vernon, R.G., Clegg, R.A., Flint, D.J. (1981) Metabolism of sheep adipose tissue during pregnancy and lactation. Biochem J. 200: 307-314.##

1 تآثیر تغذیه روغن کنجد بر عملکرد، فراسنجههای خون و تخمیر شکمبهای برههای پرواری Effect of sesame oil feeding on performance, plasma lipids and ruminal fermentation of growing lambs https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_55283.html 10.22059/ijvm.2015.55283 1 Background: In recent years, dietary fat supplementation has become a common practice and fat supplemented diets have had variable effects on animal performance and carcass characteristics. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to determine the effect of  increasing the levels of sesame oil on performance, rumen parameters and plasma lipid profile in finishing Chal lambs. METHODS: Eighteen male lambs were fed with control (C; without sesame oil) and the diets contained low level (LSO; 2.5%) and high level (HSO; 5%) of sesame oil. RESULTS: The addition of fat had no effect on dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and carcass weight. Treatments with sesame oil had no effect on rumen ammonia concentration and total protozoal count. Ruminal pH was numerically smaller (p=0.14) for control compared to lambs fed diets containing 2.5 and 5% sesame oil. Treatments had no effect on total VFA, acetate, butyrate, valerate and isovalerate concentrations. The propionate concentration decreased (p=0.04) by supplementation of sesame oil compared with the control. Total cholesterol (TC) and HDL increased and the tendency for VLDL and triglyceride (p=0.13) to increase was observed by treatment groups when compared with the control. Glucose concentration and LDL were not affected by treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Sesame oil had no effect on the performance and carcass weight of lambs but there was decrease in blood cholesterol concentration. 0 زمینه مطالعه:  در سالیان اخیر استفاده از مکمل‌های غذایی در جیره نشخوارکنندگان گسترش یافته است. در این زمینه استفاده از مکمل‌های چربی بر عملکرد تأثیرات متفاوتی داشته است. هدف: این مطالعه به منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف روغن کنجد بر عملکرد، فراسنجه‌های خون و تخمیر شکمبه در بره‌های پرواری نژاد شال انجام شد. روش کار: هیجده رأس بره نر شال با  سه جیره آزمایشی حاوی مقادیر صفر (شاهد)، 5/2 و 5٪ روغن کنجد در طول دوره پروار تغذیه شدند. نتایج: افزودن مکمل چربی تأثیری بر میانگین خوراک مصرفی، میانگین افزایش وزن روزانه، ضریب تبدیل غذایی و وزن لاشه نداشت. همچنین اعمال تیمارهای آزمایشی تأثیری بر غلظت آمونیاک شکمبه و جمعیت پروتوزایی آن نداشت. افزودن روغن کنجد تأثیر معنی‌داری بر غلظت کل اسیدهای چرب فرار و همچنین غلظت اسیدهای چرب فرار استات، بوتیرات، والرات و ایزووالرات شکمبه نداشت. امام غلظت پروپیونات در جیره‌های حاوی روغن کنجد کمتر از تیمار شاهد بود (04/0=p). غلظت کلسترول و HDL در بره‌هایی که از جیره‌های حاوی روغن استفاده کردند، نسبت به بره‌های تیمار شاهد کمتر بود. غلظت گلوکز و LDL تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت. نتیجه‌گیری‌نهایی: افزودن روغن کنجد تأثیری بر عملکرد و وزن لاشه بره‌های شال نداشت اما باعث کاهش معنی‌دار غلظت کلسترول خون شد. 155 161 هادی غفاری Hadi Ghafari Department of Animal Sciences, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran hadighafari@alumni.ut.ac.ir علی اکبر خادم Ali Akbar Khadem Department of Animal Sciences, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran akhadem@ut.ac.ir محمد رضائیان Mohammad Rezaeian Department of Animal Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran mrezaee@ut.ac.ir احمد افضل زاده Ahmad Afzalzadeh Department of Animal Sciences, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran aafzal@ut.ac.ir داود شریفی Davood Sharifi Department of Animal Sciences, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran sdsharifi@ut.ac.ir محمدعلی نوروزیان Mohammad Ali Norouzian Department of animal Science, College of Abouraihan, University of Tehran Iran manorouzian@ut.ac.ir animal performance cholesterol finishing lamb sesame oil VFA concentration Beaulieu, A.D., Drackley, J.K., Merchen, N.R. (2002) Concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic acid) are not increased in tissue lipids of cattle fed a high- concentrate diet supplemented with soybean oil. J Anim Sci. 80: 847–861.##Castro, T., Manso, T., Mantecón, A.R.,  Guirao, J., Jimeno, V. (2005) Fatty acid composition and carcass characteristics of growing lambs fed diets containing palm oil supplements. Meat Sci. 69: 757–764.##Clinquart, A., Micol, D., Brundseaux, C., Dufrasne, I., Istasse, L. (1995) Utilisation des matieres grasses chez les bovinsa lengraissement. INRA Production Animal 8: 29–42.##Demirel, G., Wachira, A.M., Sinclair, L.A., Wilkinson, R.G., Wood, J.D., Enser, M. (2004) Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, breed and dietary Vitamin E on the fatty acids of lamb muscle, liver and adipose tissue. British J Nutr. 91: 551–565.##Dohme, F., Machmuller, A., Estermann, B.L., Pfister, P., Wasserfallen, A., Kreuzer, M. (1999) The role of the rumen ciliate protozoa for methane suppression caused by coconut oil. Lett Appl Microbiol. 29: 187–192.##Doreau, M., Ferlay, A. (1995) Effect of dietary lipids on nitrogen metabolism in the rumen: A review. Livest Prod Sci. 43: 97–110.##Duckett, S.K., Andrae, J.G., Owens, F.N. (2002) Effect of high oil corn or added corn oil on ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid formation in beef steers fed finishing diets. J Anim Sci. 80: 3353–3360.##Haddad, S.G., Younis, H.M. (2004) The effect of adding ruminally protected fat in fattening diets on nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Awassi lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 113: 61–69.##Hristovm, A.N., Vander Pol, M., Agle, M., Zaman, S., Schneider, C., Ndegwa, P., Vaddella, V.K., Johnson, K., Shingfield, K.J., Karnati, S.K.R. (2009) Effect of lauric acid and coconut oil on ruminal fermentation, digestion, ammonia losses from manure, and milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows. J Dairy Sci. 92: 5561–5582.##Ivan, M.,  Mir, P.S.,  Koenig, K.M.,  Rode, L.M., Neill, L.,  Entz, T.,  Mir, Z. (2001) Effects of dietary sunflower seed oil on rumen protozoa population and tissue concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in sheep. Small Rumin Res. 41: 215–227.##Kott, R.W., Hatfield, P.G., Bergman, J.W., Flynn, C.R., Van Wagoner, H., Boles, J.A. (2003) Feedlot performance, carcass composition, and muscle and fat CLA concentration of lambs fed diets supplemented with safflower seeds. Small Rumin Res. 41: 11–17.##Lough, D.S., Solomon, M.B., Rumsey, T.S., Kahl, S., Slyter, L.L. (1993) Effects of high-forage diets with added palm oil on performance, plasma lipids, and carcass characteristics of ram and ewe lambs. J Anim Sci. 71: 1171–1176.##Manso, T., Castro, T., Mantecon, A.R., Jimeno, V. (2006) Effects of palm oil and calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids in fattening diets on digestibility, performance and chemical body composition of lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 127: 175–186.##Manso, T., Bodas, R., Castro, T., Jimeno, V., Mantecon, A.R. (2009) Animal performance and fatty acid composition of lambs fed with different vegetable oils. Meat Sci. 83: 511–516.##Marinova, P., Banskalieva, V., Alexandrov, S., Tzvetkova, V., Stanchev, H. (2001) Carcass composition and meat quality of kids fed sunflower oil supplemented diets. Small Rumin Res. 42: 219.##National research council (1985) Nutrient requirements of sheep. (6th ed.) National research council, National academy of sciences. Washington, DC, USA.##Saqhir, S., Jamal Abo, O., Omar, N., Ibrahim, G., Jihad, A. (2012) Performance and carcass characteristics of finishing black goat kids fed oil supplemented diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 175: 1–7.##Ueda, K., Ferlay, A., Chabrot, J., Loor, J.J., Chilliard, Y., Doreau, M. (2003) Effect of linseed oil supplementation on ruminal digestion in dairy cows fed diets with different forage concentrate ratios. J Dairy Sci. 86: 3999–4007.##Zinn, R.A. (1989) Influence of level and source of dietary fat on its comparative feeding value in finishing diets for steers: feedlot cattle growth and performance. J Anim Sci. 67: 1029–1037.##

1 تأثیر محیط کشت های مختلف بر روی بهینه سازی کشت اولیه سلول های عصبی برای ارزیابی مدل های برون تنی Effects of different culture media on optimization of primary neuronal cell culture for in vitro models assay https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_55284.html 10.22059/ijvm.2015.55284 1 Background: In vitro model studies are becoming increasingly popular for experimental research designs. They include isolation and expansion of cells of a particular tissue, such as the nervous tissue which contributes to understanding the underlying mechanisms in many pathologies. It enables  the scrutinization of intracellular signaling pathways responsible for cell death. OBJECTIVES: In the literature, there are different methods for the isolation and culture of rat embryonic cortical neurons. However, this study developed a feasible, rapid and easily performable method. METHODS: Isolation of neurons was performed without using enzymatic digestion. Primary cortical cultures neurite outgrowth and neuron numbers per field of common mediums were compared for neuronal cells isolation and expansion. In this study, three different culture mediums were considered: Medium I: Neurobasal medium, B-27 and L-glutamine; Medium II: DMEM, FBS and L-glutamine; and Medium III: DMEM/F-12, FBS and L-glutamine. RESULTS: High survival rate and number of neurons was obtained with the current method. The best neuronal growth was achieved by Medium I, while Medium II and III had moderate effect on the neurite outgrowth. CONCLUSIONS: Enzyme-free treatment was introduced and Medium I was used as an alternative method for optimal neuron isolation and expansion. The neuronal cultures are similar to nervous tissue in physiological aspects. Hence, Medium I is more similar to the in vivo condition compared to Mediums II and III. 0 زمینه مطالعه:  مطالعه مدل‌های برون‌تنی برای طراحی تحقیقات تجربی رو به افزایش است. از جمله این نوع مطالعات جداسازی و کشت سلول‌ها از بافت‌های مختلف مانند بافت‌های عصبی می‌باشد، که در شناخت مکانیسم‌های اساسی آسیب‌ها می‌تواند بسیار کمک کننده باشد و ما را قادر می‌سازد تا مسیرهای سیگنالینگ درون سلولی مسئول مرگ سلولی را به دقت مورد بررسی قرار دهیم. هدف: اگر چه تا کنون، روش‌های مختلفی برای کشت نورون‌های قشری جنین رت توصیف شده است. با این حال، مطالعه موجود روش عملی و سریعی را معرفی می‌کند که می‌تواند در این نوع مطالعات مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. روش کار: در این مطالعه، از سه محیط کشت مختلف، به ترتیبی که توضیح داده می‌شود برای جداسازی و کشت نورون‌ها در کشت اولیه قشری بدون استفاده از هضم آنزیمی استفاده گردید: محیط‌های مورد استفاده عبارت بودند از: محیط I: محیط نوروبازال، B-27 و ال-گلوتامین؛ محیط II: DMEM، FBS و ال-گلوتامین؛ و محیط III:رFBS،ز12-DMEM/F، و ال-گلوتامین. نتایج: میزان زنده مانی نورونی در این مطالعه بسیار قابل توجه بود و بهترین رشد نورونی در محیط I مشاهده گردید، در حالیکه محیط‌های II و III اثر متوسطی بر روی رشد نوریت داشتند. نتیجه‌گیری نهایی: نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد محیط I بیشترین تشابه با شرایط برون تنی را در مقایسه با محیط‌های II و III ایجاد نموده و سلول‌های نورونی بیشتر قادر به حفظ خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک خود در این محیط می‌باشند. 163 170 محمد حسین گرانمایه Mohammad Geranmayeh Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran mhgeranmayeh@ut.ac.ir علی باغبان زاده Ali Baghbanzadeh Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran mhgeranmayeh@gmail.com عباس برین Abbas Barin Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran abarin05@yahoo.com جمیله سالار آملی Jamileh Salar-Amoli Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran jsalaramoli@yahoo.com محمد مهدی دهقان Mohammad Dehghan Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran mdehghan@ut.ac.ir cortical neurons isolation primary cell culture rat Barclay, D.C., Hallbergson, A.F., Montague, J.R., Mudd, L.M. 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1 مطالعه بر گلوکوز، انسولین، اسیدهای چرب غیر استریفیه، بتاهیدروکسی بوتیریک اسید و پروفایل چربی سرم در دورههای مختلف Study on serum glucose, insulin, NEFA, BHBA and lipid profile in different productive status of high producing Holstein dairy cows https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_55285.html 10.22059/ijvm.2015.55285 1 Background: Metabolic profiles have been used in efforts to predict pre parturient problems and fertility, to diagnose metabolic diseases, and to assess nutritional status in dairy cows. These profiles may help to confirm the diagnosis of sub clinical diseases, to be aware of possible causes of infertility in the herds, or to monitor improvement in herd animals. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated changes in the metabolic profile of high producing Holstein dairy cows from early lactation to close-up dry periods. The results of the current research can provide useful guidelines for management strategies during different physiological phases of high producing Holstein dairy cows. METHODS: Twenty-five multiparous high producing Holstein dairy cows were selected from a high producing industrial dairy farm. Cattle were divided into 5 equal groups of early, mid and late lactation and far-off and close-up dry cows. Blood samples were collected from all cows and sera were separated to evaluate glucose, insulin, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high, low and very low density lipoproteins (HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol). RESULTS: The highest levels of insulin were detected in mid lactation and close-up dry periods. The changing patterns of BHBA and NEFA were significant and the highest levels of these biomarkers were detected in the early lactation group. The decreasing pattern of BHBA and NEFA were seen from early lactation to far-off dry cows. Significant elevations were seen in these biomarkers from far-off to close-up dry cows. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study show that metabolic biomarkers change in high producing Holstein dairy cows, under different physiological states. These changes are induced commonly by negative energy balance, lactogenesis and fetal growth in each state. 0 زمینه مطالعه:  پروفایل متابولیک به منظور پیش بینی مسائل حوالی زایمان و وضعیت باروری، تشخیص بیماریهای متابولیک و دستیابی به شرایط تغذیه‌ای در گاوهای شیری مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. این پروفایل ممکن است در تأیید تشخیص بیماریهای تحت بالینی، آگاهی از عوامل محتمل ناباروری در گله‌ها یا بهبود نظارت بر حیوانات گله یاری رسان باشد. هدف: مطالعه حاضر به منظور دستیابی به تصویری از تغییرات پروفایل متابولیک در جریان گردش خون گاوهای هلشتاین شیری پرتولید از ابتدای شیردهی تا انتهای دوره خشکی و آبستنی طراحی شد. نتایج این مطالعه می‌تواند الگویی مفید در اتخاذ استراتژی‌های مدیریتی در خلال دوره‌های مختلف فیزیولوژیک گاوهای هلشتاین شیری پرتولید فراهم کند. روش کار: تعداد 25 رأس گاو هلشتاین شیری پرتولید چند شکم زاییده از یک واحد گاوداری شیری صنعتی پرتولید انتخاب شدند. گاوها به 5 گروه مساوی شامل ابتدا، میانه و انتهای شیرواری و ابتدا و انتهای خشکی تقسیم شدند. نمونه‌های خون از تمام گاوها اخذ شد و سرم‌ها به منظور ارزیابی گلوکوز، انسولین، بتا-هیدروکسی بوتیریک اسید (BHBA)، اسید‌های چرب غیر استریفیه (NEFA)، کلسترول، تری گلیسیرید (TG)، لیپوپروتئین‌ها با چگالی بالا، کم و بسیار کم (HDL، LDL و VLDL) جداسازی شدند. نتایج: بالاترین غلظت انسولین در گروه‌های میانه شیرواری و انتهای خشکی مشاهده شد. الگوی تغیرات BHBA و NEFA در خلال دوره‌های مختلف معنی‌دار بود و بیشترین غلظت این بیومارکرها در گروه ابتدای شیرواری تشخیص داده شد. الگوی کاهشی غلظت BHBA و NEFA از ابتدای شیرواری تا ابتدای خشکی مشاهده شد. افزایش این بیومارکرها از گاوهای ابتدای خشکی تا انتهای خشکی معنی‌دار بود. نتیجه‌گیری‌نهایی: نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که بیومارکرهای متابولیک در خلال دوره‌های مختلف فیزیولوژیک گاوهای هلشتاین شیری پرتولید تغییر می‌کند. این تغییرات عمدتا به واسطه توازن منفی انرژی، شیرواری و رشد جنین در هر دوره القا می‌شوند. 171 178 علی اصغر چالمه Aliasghar Chalmeh Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Iran achalmeh81@gmail.com مهرداد پورجعفر Mehrdad Pourjafar Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Iran dmp4m@yahoo.com سعید نظیفی Saeed Nazifi Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Iran nazifi@shirazu.ac.ir فروغ مومنی فر Foroogh Momenifar Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Iran forooghmomenifar@yahoo.com محبوبه محمدی Mahboobeh Mohamadi Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Iran mahgol000@yahoo.com changing pattern lactogenesis fetal growth Holstein dairy cows metabolic profile Abell, L.L., Levy, B.B., Brodie, B.B., Kendall, F.E. 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1 تأثیر سه عصاره گیاه دارویی آویشن، سیر و زیره سیاه بر فراسنجه های خونی، عملکرد تولید، کیفیت تخم، قدرت جوجه درآوری Effect of thyme, garlic and caraway herbal extracts on blood parameters, productivity, egg quality, hatchability and intestinal bacterial population of laying Japanese quail https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_55286.html 10.22059/ijvm.2015.55286 1 Background: In the current Iranian poultry industry, antibiotics are the most frequently used additive in poultry feeds to increase productivity. The negative effects on human health, resulting from the consumption of chicken whose feeds contain antibiotics, makes finding an appropriate alternative of great importance. As a result of their nature, herbal extracts could be specifically considered for this purpose. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to find an appropriate and harmless feed additive to increase the quality and quantity of poultry eggs. METHODS: A completely randomized design including 4 treatments, 4 replications and 4 birds in each experimental unit was applied. Herbal extracts were added to drinking water of treatments in ratio of 1:1000, with the control group containing no additives in their water. The number and weight of produced eggs were measured on a daily basis, feed consumption on weekly basis and the egg quality, yolk cholesterol, hatchability and intestinal bacterial population were measured at the end of experiment after 8 weeks. RESULTS: Herbal extract treatments showed no overall effect on quality and quantity of produced eggs in comparison with control; however, the thyme and garlic extracts reduced the cholesterol of serum and yolk relative to the control. Herbal extracts did not significantly affect the hatchability of fertile eggs. The herbal extracts caused a significant decrease in the intestinal bacterial population of laying quails. CONCLUSIONS: The garlic extract had the most decreasing effect on the cholesterol of serum and egg yolk. Furthermore, thyme extract had the most decreasing effect on the intestinal bacterial population. 0 زمینه مطالعه:  در حال حاضر در صنعت دام و طیور کشور، آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها به عنوان پرکاربردترین افزودنی به منظور افزایش تولید در خوراک دام و طیور به کار می‌روند که با توجه به اثرات سوء ایجادشده در انسان از مصرف محصولات دامی که در تغذیه آنها از آنتی‌بیوتیک استفاده شده است، یافتن یک جایگزین مناسب برای آنها از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار بوده که در این میان گیاهان دارویی به دلیل ماهیتشان می‌توانند به طور ویژه‌ای مورد توجه قرار گیرند. هدف: هدف از این مطالعه یافتن یک افزودنی غذایی مناسب و بی‌ضرر برای افزایش کمیت و کیفیت تخم‌های تولیدی در طیور تخم‌گذار است. روش کار: از طرحی کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تیمار، 4 تکرار و 4 پرنده در هر واحد آزمایشی استفاده شد. عصاره‌های گیاهان دارویی به نسبت 1 به 1000 به آب آشامیدنی تیمارهای مربوطه اضافه گشت و آب آشامیدنی گروه شاهد بدون هیچ افزودنی در اختیار پرندگان قرار گرفت. مقدار و وزن تخم‌های تولیدی به صورت روزانه، مصرف خوراک به صورت هفتگی و کیفیت تخم‌های تولیدی و کلسترول زرده و قدرت جوجه درآوری و جمعیت باکتریایی روده در انتهای دوره‌ آزمایشی بعد از هشت هفته اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج:  تیمارهای گیاهان دارویی به طور کلی تأثیری بر کمیت و کیفیت تخم‌های تولیدی نسبت به تیمار شاهد نداشتند، ولی عصاره آویشن و سیر باعث کاهش کلسترول سرم و زرده در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شدند. همچنین عصاره‌های گیاهان دارویی تأثیر معنی‌داری بر درصد جوجه درآوری بلدرچین‌های مولد نداشتند. گیاهان دارویی به طور معنی‌داری باعث کاهش جمعیت باکتریایی روده‌های بلدرچین‌های مولد شدند. نتیجه گیری نهایی: عصاره گیاه دارویی سیر باعث بیشترین اثر کاهشی بر کلسترول سرم بلدرچین‌ها و زرده تخم‌های تولیدی و عصاره گیاه دارویی آویشن باعث بیشترین اثر کاهشی جمعیت باکتریایی شدند. 179 187 علی رضا بهنامی فر Alireza Behnamifar Department of Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran–Iran Iran behnamialireza@gmail.com شعبان رحیمی Shaban Rahimi Department of Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran–Iran Iran rahimi_s80@yahoo.com محمد امیر کریمی ترشیزی Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi Department of Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran–Iran Iran karimitm@yahoo.com سعید حسن پور Saeed Hasanpor Department of Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran–Iran Iran s.hasanpoor@modares.ac.ir زهرا محمدزاده Zahra Mohamadzade Department of Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran–Iran Iran mohamadzadez@ymail.com Blood parameters eggs quality and quantity herbal extracts Japanese quail Adler, A. 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J Agric Food Chem. 46: 3590-3595.##Isaacsohn, J.L., Moser, M., Stein, E.A., Dudley, K., Davey, A., Liskov, E., Black, H.R. (1998) Garlic powder and plasma lipids and lipoproteins: A multicenter, randomized, placebo controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 158: 1189-1194.##Kamel, C., Garnsworthy, P.C., Wiseman, J. (2001) Tracing modes of action and the roles of plant extracts in non-ruminants. Recent Adv Anim Nutr. 2001: 135-150.##Khajeali, Y., Kheiri, F., Rahimian, Y., Faghani, M. (2013) Effect of use different levels of Caraway (Carum carvi L) Powder on Performance, some blood parameters and intestinal morphology on broiler chicks. World Appl Sci J. 19: 1202-1207.##Khan, S.H., Hasan, S., Sardar, R., Anjum, M. A. (2008) Effects of dietary garlic powder on cholesterol concentration in Native Desi laying hens. Am J Food Technol. 3: 207-213.##Lee, K.W., Everts, H., Beynen, A.C. (2004) Essential oils in broiler nutrition. Int J Poult Sci. 3: 738-752.##Liu, L., Yeh, Y.Y. 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1 پارامترهای عملکرد پرورشی طیور در کوکسیدیوز تجربی درمان شده با دیکلازوریل و کلوپیدول، نیاز به ارزیابی منابع جدید Growth performance parameters in chicken experimental coccidiosis treated with Diclazuril and Clopidol: The need for assessing new anticoccidial resources https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_55287.html 10.22059/ijvm.2015.55287 1 Background: Coccidiosis is recognized as the parasitic disease that has the greatest economic impact on poultry production. Modern poultry production is largely dependent upon anticoccidials. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the efficacy of two chemical anticoccidials (Clopidol and Diclazuril) on oocyst shedding and their probable effects on growth performance and feed efficiency of broilers in experimental coccidiosis. Methods: One hundred and twenty Ross 308 one day old broilers were randomly assigned into 4 groups: CON+, infected with Eimeria mixed oocysts but not medicated; CON-, not infected and not medicated; CLO, infected and medicated with Clopidol; DIC, infected and medicated with Diclazuril. Chickens in all groups except negative control were inoculated by mixed sporulated oocysts of pathogenic Eimeria at the end of the 3rd week of age. Oocyst shedding was counted using a Mc Master counting chamber. Body weights, body weight gains, and feed conversion ratio were determined on weekly basis. Results: Obtained results showed that Diclazuril was more effective in reducing oocyst shedding than Clopidol. As expected, mean body weight in the positive control group was lower than other groups. But surprisingly, no significant difference was found between Diclazuril or Clopidol treated birds and positive control group, at the end of the experiment. In comparison of weight gain in different treatment groups except for the 4 and 5th week, no significant difference was found in different groups. In the last week of the experiment, difference in weight gain between groups was not significant. According to feed conversion ratio (FCR)  results, anticoccidial supplementation did not have any significant effect on improving FCR. ConclusionS: It is reported that some anticoccidials reduce feed consumption and feed conversion. It seems that neither of the present synthetic anticoccidials is completely satisfactory in controlling coccidiosis economic losses and new strategies are urgently required.  0 زمینه مطالعه: کوکسیدیوز به عنوان یک بیماری انگلی که بیشترین تأثیر اقتصادی را بر تولید طیور دارد، شناخته شده است. صنعت مدرن پرورش طیور به میزان زیادی وابسته به ترکیبات ضد کوکسیدیوز است. هدف: مطالعه حاضر جهت تعیین و مقایسه کارایی دو ضد کوکسیدیوز شیمیایی (کلوپیدول و دیکلازوریل) بر دفع اووسیست و همچنین اثرات احتمالی آنها بر عملکرد پرورشی و کارایی تغذیه‌ای طیور گوشتی در کوکسیدیوز تجربی انجام شده است. روش کار: تعداد 120 قطعه جوجه یک روزه نژاد Ross 308 بطور تصادفی گروه‌بندی شدند: کنترل مثبت؛ آلوده به کوکسیدیوز بدون درمان، گروه کنترل منفی؛ بدون آلودگی و بدون درمان، گروه  CLO؛ آلوده و درمان شده باکلوپیدول، گروه DIC؛ آلوده و درمان شده با دیکلازوریل. برای ایجاد کوکسیدیوز تمامی گروه‌ها بجز کنترل منفی با اووسیست اسپوروله عفونی در انتهای هفته سوم تلقیح شدند. میزان دفع اووسیست با استفاده از لام مک مستر شمارش گردید. وزن بدن، وزنگیری و ضریب تبدیل غذایی هر هفته اندازه‌گیری و محاسبه گردید. نتایج: شمارش اووسیست نشان داد که دیکلازوریل در کاهش تعداد اووسیست کارآمدتر از کلوپیدول بود. میانگین وزن بدن در گروه کنترل مثبت از سایر گروه‌ها پایین‌تر بود. ولی در انتهای مطالعه میانگین وزن در گروه‌های درمان شده با کلوپیدول و دیکلازوریل با گروه کنترل مثبت تفاوت معنی‌داری را نشان نداد. در مقایسه وزنگیری میان گروه‌های مختلف بجز در هفته چهارم و پنجم در سایر هفته‌ها تفاوت معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. بر پایه نتایج بدست آمده از FCR اضافه نمودن ترکیبات آنتی کوکسیدیال اثر معنی‌داری بر بهبود آن نداشت. نتیجه‌گیری‌نهایی: گزارش شده است که برخی از ترکیبات ضدکوکسیدیوز منجر به کاهش مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل غذایی می‌شوند. به نظر می‌رسد هیچکدام از ضدکوکسیدیوزهای شیمیایی مورد استفاده در مطالعه حاضر در کنترل زیان‌های اقتصادی کوکسیدیوز به طور کامل مؤثر نمی‌باشند و ارائه استراتژی‌های جدید مورد نیاز می‌باشد. 189 194 حامد اسدی ایرائی Hamed Asadi Iraee DVM, Private Veterinarian Practitioner, Amol, Iran Iran hasadi@gmail.com محمد اسدی ایرایی Mohammad Asadi Iraee Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran Iran mohamadasadi@gmail.com محمدرضا یوسفی Mohammad Reza Youssefi Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Babol Branch, Babol, Iran Iran youssefi929@hotmail.com محدثه ابوحسینی طبری Mohaddeseh Abouhosseini Tabari Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran Iran m_abuhoseini@yahoo.com coccidiosis Diclazuril Clopidol growth performance Broilers Allen, P.C., Fetterer, R.H. (2002) Recent advances in biology and immunobiology of Eimeria species and in diagnosis and control of infection with these coccidian parasites of poultry. Clin Microbiol Rev. 15: 58-65.##Abbas, R.Z., Iqbal, Z., Khan, M.N., Hashmi, N., Hussain, A. (2009) Prophylactic efficacy of diclazuril in broilers experimentally infected with three field isolates of Eimeria tenella. Int J Agric Biol. 11: 606-610.##Arabkhazaeli, F., Modrisanei, M., Nabian, S., Mansoori, B., Madani, A. (2013) Evaluating the resistance of Eimeria spp. field isolates to anticoccidial drugs using three different indices. Iran J Parasitol. 8: 234-241.##Bahadoran, S., Hassanpour, H., Pirali kheirabadi, K., Shekarchian, S. (2014) Effect of clopidol and amprolium/ethopabate on performance and intestinal morphology of chickens with experimental coccidiosis. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 20: 571-576.##Bell, D.D., Weaver, D.W. (2002) Commercial chicken meat and egg production, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, The Netherlands.##Conway, D.P., Mathis, G.F., Johnson, J., Schwartz, M., Baldwin, C. (2001) Efficacy of diclazuril in comparison with chemical and ionophorous anticoccidials against Eimeria spp. in broiler chickens in floor pens. Poult Sci. 80: 426-430.##Lillehoj, H.S., Hong, Y., Kim, C. (2010) Quantitative genetic and functional genomics approaches to investigating parasite disease resistance and protective immune mechanisms in avian coccidiosis. Genomics for Animal Health. Dev Biol (Basel). Basel, Karger. 132: 67–75.##Mathis, F.G. (2001)  New organic anticoccidial can safely be used in feed. World Poultry. 17: 50-52.##Peeters, J.E., Derijcke, J., Verlinden, M., Wyffels, R. (1994) Sensitivity of avian Eimeria spp. to seven chemical and five ionophore anticoccidials in five Belgian integrated broiler operations. Avian Dis. 38: 483-493.##Pirali-kheirabadi, K., Zamani-Moghadam, A., Abdi, F., Bahonar, A.R. (2008) The effect of administration of anti-coccidial drugs on oocyst shedding and performance in experimental coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Int  J Vet Res 2: 67-73.##Rahbari, S., Mehrabani, M., Hesami, A. (1995) Resistance development of field isolated Eimeria SPP. against some anticoccidial drugs. J Vet Res (University of  Tehran). 50: 45-51.##Vancraeynest, D., De Gussem, M., Marien, M.,  Maertens, L. (2010) The anticoccidial efficacy of robenidine hydrochloride in Eimeria challenged rabbits. World Rabbit Sci. 18: 65-75.##Williams, R.B. (2006) Tracing the emergence of drug-resistance in coccidia Eimeria spp. of commercial broiler flocks medicated with decoquinate for the first time in the United Kingdom. Vet parasitol. 135: 1-14.##

1 - Comparison of broiler performance, blood biochemistry, hematology and immune response when feed diets were supplemented with ginger essential oils or mannan-oligosaccharide https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_55288.html 10.22059/ijvm.2015.55288 1 Background: Nutritional strategies targeting improvement of poultry performance and disease prevention are currently being developed and in this respect the dietary intake of spiced essential oils and pre-biotics in raising broilers is receiving attention. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to compare the effects of diet containing ginger essential oils (GEO) and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) on growth performance,  biochemical and hematological parameters, lymphoid organ weights and antibody response of broilers. METHODS: A total of 375 day old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments (five replicates per treatment). Dietary treatments included basal diet as control, GEO-supplemented diets with inclusion levels of 50 (GEO1), 100 (GEO2) or 200 (GEO3) mg/kg, and MOS supplemented diet with an inclusion level of 2 g/kg. RESULTS: The birds fed on MOS and GEO3 diets exhibited better feed conversion ratio and higher body weight gain from 1 to 42 day of age compared with control birds (p<0.05). Serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol level in the MOS, GEO2 or GEO3 groups was lower than that of the control group (p<0.05). Serum cholesterol level was also lower in the GEO2 and MOS groups (p<0.05). Feeding on GEO3 and MOS diets significantly increased relative bursa weight and secondary antibody titer against infectious bursal disease (IBD) and infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccines as compared with control diet (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that higher level of GEO (200 g/kg) similar to MOS supplementation, improved feed efficiency and immune response. This could meet consumers’ demand for a safe feed additive. 0 زمینه مطالعه:  استراتژی‌های تغذیه‌ای با هدف بهبود عملکرد طیور و پیشگیری از بیماریها در حال حاضر رو به توسعه است و در این راستا استفاده از مکمل‌های سودمند مانند اسانس ادویه‌ها یا پربیوتیک‌ها در پرورش جوجه‌های گوشتی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. هدف: این مطالعه به منظور مقایسه اثرات جیره‌های غذایی حاوی اسانس زنجبیل (GEO) و مانان-الیگوساکارید (MOS) بر عملکرد رشد، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی و هماتولوژی خون، وزن اندام‌های لنفاوی و پاسخ آنتی بادی در جوجه‌های گوشتی انجام شد. روش کار: در مجموع 375 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر یک روزه به طور تصادفی به پنج تیمار (پنج تکرار در هر تیمار) تخصیص یافتند. جیره‌های غذایی شامل جیره پایه به عنوان شاهد، جیره‌های غذایی مکمل شده با GEO در سطوح mg/kg 50 (GEO1)، mg/kg‌100 (GEO2) و mg/kg 200 (GEO3)، و جیره غذایی مکمل شده با MOS در سطح g/kg‌2 بود. نتایج: پرنده‌های تغذیه شده با جیره‌های GEO3 و MOS ضریب تبدیل غذایی بهتر و افزایش وزن بدن بالاتری از 1 تا 42 روزگی در مقایسه با گروه شاهد نشان دادند (05/0>p). سطح کلسترول لیپوپروتئین با چگالی کم سرم در گروه‌های GEO2، GEO3 و MOS کمتر از گروه شاهد بود (05/0>‌p). سطح کلسترول سرم نیز در گروه‌های GEO2 و MOS کمتر بود (05/0>‌p). تغذیه جیره‌های GEO3 و MOS به طور معنی‌داری وزن نسبی بورس و تیتر ثانویه آنتی بادی در برابر واکسن‌های بیماری بورس عفونی (IBD) و برونشیت عفونی (IB) را در مقایسه با جیره شاهد افزایش داد (05/0>p). نتیجه‌گیری نهایی: نتایج نشان داد که سطح بالاتر GEOر(g/kg‌200)، شبیه به مکمل MOS، بازده خوراک و پاسخ ایمنی را بهبود بخشید. این می‌تواند تقاضای مصرف‌کننده‌ها برای افزودنی‌های خوراک بی خطر را تأمین کند. 195 205 حسینعلی قاسمی Hossein Ali Ghasemi Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran Iran haghasemi89@gmail.com کامران طاهرپور Kamran Taherpour Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran Iran k.taherpour@ilam.ac.ir ginger essential oils Prebiotic performance immune response Broilers Ali, B.H., Blunden, G., Tanira, M.O., Nemmar, A. 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1 مطالعه آناتومی، هیستولوژی و هیستومورفومتری روده اردک ماهی (Esox lucius) Anatomical, histological and histomorphometric study of the intestine of the northern pike (Esox lucius) https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_55289.html 10.22059/ijvm.2015.55289 1 Background: The northern pike Esox lucius is a fresh water species belonging to the Esocidae family. It is a carnivorous fish which mostly feeds on invertebrates and fishes. The morphology of its intestine is very useful for understanding the fish’s digestive physiology, diagnosing some intestinal diseases and formulating suitable feeds. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the anatomical, histological and histomorphometric properties of the intestine of E. lucius. METHODS: The intestines of five E. lucius were examined in this study. After anatomical dissection, the histological specimens were taken and fixed in 10% formalin. Then, tissue passages were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and Masson’s trichrome. RESULTS: The anatomical examination showed the short intestine with intestinal coefficient 0.68±0.09 in E. lucius which is a characteristic of the carnivorous species. The histological study revealed that the intestinal wall of E. lucius is composed of tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The muscularis mucosa was not visible in the intestine. The stratum compactum is present between tunica mucosa and tunica submucosa. The histomorphometric results differentiated between three parts in the intestine of E. lucius namely anterior, middle and posterior. The maximum height of mucosal folds was observed in the anterior intestine due to its role in nutrient absorption. The mucosal fold’s height then decreased towards the posterior intestine. The tunica muscularis is significantly thicker in the anterior intestine, and the circular muscle layer is thicker than the longitudinal muscle layer throughout the entire length of the intestine. The posterior intestine possessed large numbers of goblet cells in comparison with other parts of the intestine, to promote elimination of unabsorbed particles. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study revealed adaptation for the species feeding habits, so as to protect the intestine and increase absorptive processes. 0 زمینه مطالعه:  اردک ماهی (Esox lucius) یک گونه آب شیرین است که متعلق به خانواده Esocidae می‌باشد. این گونه گوشتخوار بوده و از بی مهرگان و ماهیان تغذیه می‌کند. مورفولوژی روده ماهیان برای درک فیزیولوژی گوارش، تشخیص بیماریهای روده‌ای و فرمولاسیون مواد غذایی بسیار سودمند است. هدف: این مطالعه به منظور بررسی خصوصیات آناتومیکی، یافت‌شناسی و هیستومورفومتری روده اردک ماهی صورت گرفت. روش کار: در این مطالعه از تعداد 5 روده اردک ماهی استفاده شد. بعد از بررسی آناتومیکی، نمونه‌های بافت شناسی برداشت و در فرمالین 10٪ ثابت سازی شد و پس از پاساژ بافتی، رنگ‌آمیزی مقاطع به کمک هماتوکسیلین-ائوزین و تری کروم ماسون صورت گرفت. نتایج: بررسی آناتومیکی، روده کوتاه اردک ماهی با ضریب روده‌ای 09/0±68/0 را نشان داد که از خصوصیات ماهیان گوشتخوار محسوب می‌شود. مطالعه بافت شناسی نشان داد که جدار روده اردک ماهی از لایه‌های مخاطی، زیر مخاطی، عضلانی وسروزی تشکیل شده است. عضله مخاطی در جدار روده مشاهده نشد. لایه متراکم مابین لایه‌های مخاطی و زیرمخاطی دیده شد. نتایج هیستومورفومتری سه قسمت قدامی، میانی و خلفی روده اردک ماهی را از هم تفکیک نمود. بیشترین ارتفاع چین‌های مخاطی در روده قدامی بواسطه نقش آن در جذب مواد غذایی مشاهده شد. ارتفاع چین‌های مخاطی بطرف روده خلفی کاهش یافت. لایه عضلانی در روده قدامی ضخیم‌تر بوده و ضخامت لایه عضلانی حلقوی از لایه عضلانی طولی در سراسر طول روده ضخیم تر بوده است. روده خلفی نسبت به سایر قسمت‌های روده دارای تعداد بیشتری از سلول‌های جامی جهت حذف مواد غیرقابل جذب بوده است. نتیجه گیری نهایی: نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه، یک نوع سازگاری این گونه با عادت غذایی را نشان می‌دهد که منجربه حفاظت روده  و افزایش مراحل جذب می‌شود. 207 211 جواد صادقی نژاد Javad Sadeghinezhad Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran sadeghinezhad@ut.ac.ir ریحانه هوشمند عباسی Reyhaneh Hooshmand Abbasi Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Iran reyhaneh.hooshmand@yahoo.com الهه هوشمند عباسی Elahe Dehghani Tafti Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Iran e.dehghani24@yahoo.com زهرا بلوکی Zahra Boluki Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran z_boluki@yahoo.com Esox lucius Intestine Anatomy Histology histomorphometry Bakke, A.M., Tashjian, D.H., Wang, C.F., Lee, S.H., Bai, S.C., Hung, S.S. (2010) Competition between selenomethionine and methionine absorption in the intestinal tract of green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris). Aquat Toxicol. 96: 62–69.##Cao, X.J., Wang, W.M., Song, F. (2011) Anatomical and histological characteristics of the intestine of the topmouth culter (Culter alburnus). Anat Histol Embryol. 40: 292–298.##Carrassón1, M., Grau, A., Dopazol, L.R., Crespo1, S. 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1 ویژگیهای برخی از آنزیم های گوارشی در ماهی صبیتی Sparidentex hasta Characteristics of some digestive enzymes in sobaity, Sparidentex hasta https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_55290.html 10.22059/ijvm.2015.55290 1 Background: Determination of digestive enzymes activity would provide critical information in the design of appropriate diet. Sobaity, Sparidentex hasta is found in the Persian Gulf and  cultured in countries adjacent to it. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated proteolytic, amylase and lipase activities in the intestine of Sparidentex hasta captured from the  Persian Gulf. METHODS: 60 immature S. hasta (mean weight: 520 ± 50g) were captured during summer and autumn of 2012 from Mussa Creek, North West of the Persian Gulf. After euthanization, fish were dissected and the complete digestive tracts (from stomach to anus) were removed. The intestines were separated for each fish and divided to 3 parts; proximal, mid portion and distal. After homogenization, supernatants were removed and enzymes activities were assayed chemically. RESULTS: The highest activity of protease (395.2 ± 32.6 mU mg-1 protein) was recorded in the proximal portion of the intestine compare to the 2 other parts (p<0.05) but amylase and lipase activities did not show a significant difference in 3 parts of the intestine (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the pattern of activity of digestive enzymes in S. hasta is consistent with the overall pattern of digestive enzymes activity in carnivorous fish. These data can be used to design special diets for this species. 0 زمینه مطالعه:  فعالیت آنزیم‌‌های گوارشی نقش مهمی در جذب مواد مغذی و رشد ماهیان دارد. با این وجود اطلاعات موجود در زمینه فعالیت این آنزیم‌ها در ماهیان دریایی خلیج فارس اندک می‌باشد و مطالعات جامعی در این زمینه انجام نگرفته است. هدف: این مطالعه فعالیت آنزیم‌های پروتئولیتیک، لیپاز و آمیلاز در روده ماهی صبیتی، Sparidentex hasta صید شده در خلیج فارس را مورد بررسی قرار می‌دهد. روش کار: در این مطالعه برای دست یابی به اطلاعات پایه در زمینه فعالیت این آنزیم‌ها در روده ماهی صبیتی، تعداد 60 ماهی نابالغ با میانگین وزن g‌50±520 از خور موسی صید گردید. بعد از آسان کشی ماهیان، دستگاه گوارش از دهان تا مخرج جدا و روده به 3 قسمت ابتدایی، میانی و انتهایی تفکیک شد. پس از هموژن سازی روده‌ها، نمونه‌ها سانتریفیوژ و مایع رویی جدا گردید. سپس فعالیت آنزیم‌ها به روش شیمیایی و با استفاده از اسپکتروفتومتر اندازه‌گیری گردید. نتایج: بیشترین فعالیت لیپاز و پروتئاز در قسمت ابتدایی روده ثبت گردید که در مقایسه با دو قسمت دیگر اختلاف معنی‌داری نشان داد (05/0>p) اما فعالیت پروتئاز در 3 بخش روده اختلاف معنی‌داری نشان نداد. نتیجه‌گیری‌نهایی: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که الگوی فعالیت آنزیم‌های گوارشی در این ماهی از الگوی کلی فعالیت آنزیم‌های گوارشی در ماهیان گوشتخوار پیروی می‌کند. 213 218 مهدی جهان تیغ Mahdi Jahantigh Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Iran jahantighm@gmail.com Amylase Lipase protease Sparidentex hasta Persian Gulf Bier, M., (1955) Lipases. 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1 تشخیص و درمان کیست فولیکولار فعال در گربه پرشین: گزارش موردی Diagnosis and treatment of a functional follicular cyst in a Persian queen cat: A case report https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_55291.html 10.22059/ijvm.2015.55291 1 In the present report, diagnosis and treatment of a case with follicular ovarian cysts in a 5-year-old Persian queen cat is described. In response to palpation of spines, the queen cat presented herself in lordosis and danced up and down with her rear legs. Trans-abdominal ultrasonography examination showed 2 cysts  in the left ovary of the queen. Serum estrogen assay indicated elevated level of 17 β-estradiol concentration (105 pg/ml). However, progesterone concentration was normal (0.3 ng/ml). Accordingly, the queen was diagnosed with functional follicular cysts. The queen was treated with an administration of hCG intra-muscularly. Thirty (30) days after the administration of hCG, an injection of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) (50 IU) was given intra-muscularly. Natural mating was done with a fertile Persian tom cat. In conclusion, it seems that treatment of functional follicular cysts can be applied to preserve fertility in cats.  0 در این گزارش، تشخیص و درمان یک مورد کیست تخمدانی فولیکولی در یک گربه پرشین ماده 5 ساله شرح داده می‌شود.  گربه مورد نظر در ملامسه ناحیه پشت کمر، موقعیت لوردوزیس را به خود گرفته و پاهای عقب را بالا و پایین حرکت می‌داد.بررسی سونوگرافی ناحیه شکم دو کیست در تخمدان چپ گربه نشان داد. ارزیابی استروژن سرم خون، غلظت بالای 17 بتا_استرادیول (pg/mL 105) را نشان داد. با این حال غلظت پروژسترون نرمال (ng/mL 3/0) بود. بر این اساس، گربه مبتلا به کیست فولیکولار فعال تشخیص داده شد. حیوان مذکور با گنادوتروپین جفتی انسان (hCG) به صورت داخل عضلانی تحت درمان قرار گرفت. 30 روز پس از تجویز hCG، یک تزریق گنادوتروپین جفتی اسب (eCG) (50 واحد بین المللی) به صورت داخل عضلانی انجام شد. جفت‌گیری طبیعی با یک گربه نر پرشین بارور انجام گرفت. در نتیجه، به نظر می‌رسد که درمان دارویی کیست‌های فولیکولار فعال را می‌توان به منظور حفظ باروری در گربه سانان به ک ار گرفت. 219 221 رضا یوسفی Reza Youssefi 1Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 2Theriogenology Association, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran youssefi.dvm@gmail.com رضا یوسفی Parviz Tajik Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran ptajik@ut.ac.ir وریا توحیدی Vrya Tohidi Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran Iran youssefi.dvm@ut.ac.com وحید اکبری نژاد Vahid Akbarinejad 1Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 2Theriogenology Association, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Iran youssefi.dvm5@ut.ac.ir Follicular ovarian cyst cystic ovarian disease Cat Boomsma, R.A., Jaffe. 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