University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
4
2020
10
01
Interleukin (IL)-1β Gene Expression Analysis After Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Challenge in Chicken Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
342
350
EN
Elya
Abbaszadeh
Department of Avian Diseases
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
Tehran, Iran
elyaabbaszadeh@ut.ac.ir
Jaleel
Mehrzad
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
mehrzad@ut.ac.ir
Seyed Mostafa
Peighambari
0000-0001-9166-1303
Department of Avian Diseases
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
Tehran, Iran
mpeigham@ut.ac.ir
Paniz
Zarghami
Department of Avian Diseases
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
Tehran, Iran
paniz.zarghami@ut.ac.ir
Vahid
Karimi
Department of Avian Diseases
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
Tehran, Iran
vkarimi2002@yahoo.com
Ramak
Yahyaraeyat
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
ryahya@ut.ac.ir
10.22059/ijvm.2019.290145.1005029
<br /> <strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></span></strong><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Salmonella enterica </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">serovar Typhimurium (ST) is a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium with the ability to infect a wide range of hosts. </span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This study aimed to provide a snapshot of the immune responses against ST challenge in primary chicken monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) by evaluating the transcriptional changes in inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">1β</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. </span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">After preparing blood MDMs, cell monolayers were challenged with ST at a multiplicity of infection of 50. Transcriptional analyses of inflammatory cytokine IL-</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">1β were performed by reverse transcription</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">-quantitative polymerase chain reaction using SYBR Green dye. </span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The results indicated that wildtype ST challenge in avian MDMs favors the differentiation of macrophages toward the alternatively activated M2-like cells through downregulating inflammatory IL-</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">1β</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. </span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The findings demonstrated the preferential differentiation of chicken macrophages toward the alterna-tively activated M2-like cells upon ST infection. Further improvement of the existing control measures, such as vaccination and molecular-based immunotherapeutic strategies against poultry salmonellosis requires a better understand-ing of mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory actions of </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Salmonella </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in immune cells in future studie </span></span></span>
immune response,Inflammatory cytokine,Interleukin-1β,Monocyte-derived macrophage,Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80240.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80240_50200657a52c3e891a8d232c09bf418e.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
4
2020
10
01
A Study on Latent Equine Salmonellosis Based on Phenotypic and Molecular Methods in Kurdistan Province of Iran
352
360
EN
Shahin
Fakour
Department of Clinical Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
fakours@yahoo.com
Seyed Ali
Musavi Rad
Department of Clinical Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
musavirad@yahoo.co
Elham
Ahmadi
Department of Pathobiology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
elham.ahmad.vet@gmail.com
10.22059/ijvm.2020.296678.1005058
<br /> <strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Equine salmonellosis is an important infection with a wide variety of consequences including develop-ment of acute salmonellosis in the cases of predisposing factors, nosocomial infections, public health risk, and environmental contaminations. </span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The aim of this study was to evaluate the fecal shedders of </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Salmonella </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">spp. in the horses of Kurdistan province of Iran using phenotypic and molecular approach. </span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 130 fresh feces were randomly collected from horses in four age groups and both sexes in four seasons from all over Kurdistan province. The samples were analyzed for the isolation of </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Salmonella </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">spp. with culture and biochemical method. An </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">invA</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was also carried out for detection of </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Salmo-nella </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">spp. in pooled fecal samples, simultaneously. The isolates were further serotyped and the antimicrobial profile of the isolates was determined using Kirby-Bauer method. </span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The results showed 1.53% (n=2) and 7.69% (n=10) by bacteriological methods and PCR method, respec-tively. There was no significant relation between the frequencies of Salmonella shedders and age, sex and season (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA">≥0.05). </span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The two isolates were recognized as </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Salmonella </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Typhimurium, showing 100% resistance against ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, sulphamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol, and 50% resistance against gentamycin. </span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Rapidity and accuracy of PCR versus phenotypic method makes it an appropriate procedure for the surveillance programs regarding </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Salmonella </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">detection in feces. Approximately high prevalence of subclinical form in equine salmonellosis or </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Salmonella </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">fecal carriers in the studied region is instigated to seriously apply strategies to manage and control the distribution of infection to susceptible hosts. </span></span></span>
Culture,Horse,Kurdistan,PCR,Salmonella
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80246.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80246_4b49e595924f8fcce3697e2f8853f771.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
4
2020
10
01
Mycoplasma Infection in the Lungs of Cattle: The First Identification of Mycoplasma dispar in Iran
362
370
EN
Saeed
Toutounchi Mashhour
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
stootoonchi@gmail.com
Alireza
Nourian
orcid.org/0000-0002-3567-8677
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
nourian@basu.ac.ir
Abdolmajid
Mohammadzadeh
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
mohammadzadeh4@gmail.com
Pezhman
Mahmoodi Koohi
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
mahmoodi_pezhman@yahoo.com
10.22059/ijvm.2020.295162.1005049
<br /> <strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Members of the genus </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Mycoplasma </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">are known as pathogens causing respiratory disease in cattle world-wide. </span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The present study aimed to investigate mycoplasmal infection in the lung tissue of cattle slaughtered in Hamadan industrial abattoir, Iran, using molecular and histopathological methods. </span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 108 tissue samples were collected from the cranioventral parts of the cattle lung during March 2015-February 2016. The specimens were subjected to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathological examinations. The PCR-positive samples were tested subsequently for </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Mycoplasma bovis </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Mycoplasma dispar </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">using nested PCR assay. </span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Nine (8.33%) samples contained the DNA of genus </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Mycoplasma</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">, among which, five and one showed the DNA sequences of </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">M. bovis </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">M. dispar</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">, respectively. Pathological changes, such as caseonecrotic lesions, interstitial pneumonia, lobar bronchopneumonia, and bronchial atelectasis were observed in 24 (22.22%) tissue samples. All the PCR-positive lungs demonstrated at least one pathological manifestation. However, not every pathognomonic tissue changes were concomitant with the presence of the DNA of </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Mycoplasma </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">spp. </span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">It could be concluded that </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">M. bovis </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and to a lesser extent </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">M. dispar </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">are relatively common in the cattle population of the western part of Iran. Therefore, these pathogens should be taken into consideration whenever respiratory problems are evident in cattle </span></span></span>
Mycoplasma,Mycoplasma bovis,Mycoplasma dispar,nested PCR,respiratory disease
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80244.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80244_b0e6aead766f2ee56929815ce7d1f12f.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
4
2020
10
01
Use of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) in Comparison to AscorbicAcid to Decrease Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome in Broiler Chickens
372
384
EN
Milad
Babaahmadi Milani
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
miladmilani_b@yahoo.com
Abdol Karim
Zamani Moghaddam
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
azaman2@yahoo.com
Zahra
Khosravi
Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran;
zkhosravi97@yahoo.com
Abdolnaser
Mohebi
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
abmoheb@yahoo.com
10.22059/ijvm.2020.293989.1005046
<br /> <strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Ascites syndrome is one of the most important metabolic disorders in growing broiler chickens world-wide. </span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This study investigated the effect of broccoli in comparison to ascorbic acid on controlling pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) in broiler chickens. </span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 144 one-day old chicks were randomly divided into four groups. Each group included 36 chicks with three replicates of 12 birds. Experimental treatments were control, ascorbic acid (500 mg/kg dietary), and two levels of broc-coli (0.5% and 1% dietary broccoli powder). Growth performance, hematocrit or packed cell volume (PCV), heterophil to lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, right ventricle to total ventricle weight ratio (RV:TV), serum biochemical factors, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, as well as humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated. </span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Growth performance parameters improved in experimental treatments compared to control, even though it was not statistically significant. The RV:TV ratio in treatment groups was lower than control, and it was significant in ascorbic acid and broccoli 1% (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA">≤</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">0.05). H:L ratio decreased in treatment groups than control (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA">≤</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">0.05). Nitric oxide and HDL-C levels increased at both broccoli levels than control (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA">≤</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">0.05), but LDL-C and triglyceride levels decreased (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA">≤</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">0.05). Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity were lower and higher in treatment groups than control, respectively (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA">≤</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">0.05). There were no significant changes in other parameters. </span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This research showed that addition of broccoli to the diet of broiler chickens, through improving anti-oxidant parameters, increasing serum nitric oxide levels, and decreasing blood pressure, blood lipids, RV:TV ratio, and mortality, could be effective to prevent PHS. </span></span></span>
ascites,Ascorbic acid,Broccoli,Broiler Chicken,syndrome
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80243.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80243_4a0f10f28a37edaaf1bcc8f39b65a1a2.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
4
2020
10
01
Evaluation of a Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Simultaneous Detection of Vibrio spp. in Vegetables and Water
386
392
EN
Hamed
Ahari
Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
dr.h.ahari@gmail.com
Sonia
Shoja Gharehbagh
Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
dr.sonia.sh@gmail.com
Seyed Amir Ali
Anvar
Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
saaa4824@gmail.com
Mahtab
Aftoom
Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
aftoom.m@gmail.com
Mohammadreza
Khani
Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
khanidvm@gmail.com
10.22059/ijvm.2020.305485.1005105
<br /> <strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Several foodborne outbreaks associated with the consumption of vegetables have been reported which involved </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Vibrio spp </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. as causative agents. Conventional methods of detecting these microorganisms are time-consuming. Therefore, the development of techniques for rapid detection seems to be of paramount importance. </span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The present study recommends a rapid and reliable method for the detection of </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Vibrio cholera (V. chol-era)</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">, </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">V. parahaemolyticus</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">, </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">V. vulnificus</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">, and </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">V. alginolyticus</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. Moreover, the results are compared with the conventional plate culture method. </span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The conventional bacteriological tests were conducted to detect </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Vibrio spp. </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in vegetables and their surrounding water. The samples were also subjected to a newly developed multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using five specific genes, including </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">VC-Rmm </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">V. cholerae</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">, </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">VP-MmR </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">V. parahaemolyticus</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">, </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">VV-Rmm </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">V. vulnificus, V.al2-MmR </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">of </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">V. alginolyticus, </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">VM-F </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">for all the four isolates. </span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The presence of </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">V. alginolyticus </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">V. vulnificus </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">was confirmed by amplifying the specific regions of 412 bp for </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">V. vulnificus </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and 144 bp for </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">V. alginolyticus</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. The results demonstrated that </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">V. cholerae </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">V. parahaemolyticus </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">were not detected in multiplex PCR, which was consistent with the findings of conventional plating methods. </span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Obtained results revealed that the designed multiplex PCR assay is a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective method for the simultaneous detection of </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Vibrio spp </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. </span></span></span>
Foodborne outbreaks,multiplex PCR,Simultaneous detection,Vegetables,Vibrio spp
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80249.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80249_eda4d54443fba72083beda931a8a11d6.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
4
2020
10
01
Comparison of Yogurt Test with Commercial Kit for Detection of Antibiotic Residues in Raw and Pasteurized Milk
394
401
EN
Mojtaba
Bonyadian
0000-0001-5970-9469
Department of Health and Food Quality Control, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
boniadian@sku.ac.ir
Farzaneh
Mahmoodi Kordi
Graduated in Food Quality Control, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
fmahmoudi6990@gmail.com
10.22059/ijvm.2020.284171.1005003
<br /> <strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Antibiotics are widely used for the treatment of livestock. Their inappropriate usage leads to various disorders in humans as a result of consuming animal products. Milk is among the foods that are significantly affected by consuming antibiotics. </span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The objective of this study was to compare Yoghurt Culture Test (YCT), Four- Plate Test (FPT), and the Copan test for detecting antibiotic residues in raw and pasteurized milk produced in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Iran. </span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 146 raw milk samples and 54 pasteurized milk samples were selected randomly from dairy farms and dairy products suppliers. The presence of antibiotics was evaluated by YCT, FPT, and Copan test. In addition, the sensi-tivity of the three tests for tetracycline and penicillin, as the two common antibiotics in the treatment of animals, was compared. </span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Our findings showed that 8.9% of raw milk and 11% of pasteurized milk samples contained antibiotics. However, the levels of antibiotic residues were higher in 2% of the positive samples than maximum residue levels (MRL). Moreover, significant differences were observed between FPT, YCT, and the Copan test (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><0.05). On the other hand, the positive results of YCT and Copan tests were not significantly different (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">>0.05). </span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The results of this study showed that a low percentage of milk samples contained antibiotic residues higher than the permissible limit. Furthermore, YCT could be used as an inexpensive, easy, and sensitive method for identifying the residues of penicillin and tetracycline in milk. </span></span></span>
antibiotic residue,Commercial kit,Milk,Yogurt test
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80239.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80239_ff80d667c077db865f3152955d19dff1.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
4
2020
10
01
Evaluation of the Razi Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale Vaccine by Experimental Challenge System Using LaSota Strain
403
410
EN
Navid
Ghasemipour
Poultry Diseases Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary School of Shiraz University, Shiraz. Iran.
naghasemipour48@gmail.com
Keramat
Asasi
0000000161804182
Poultry Diseases Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary School of Shiraz University, Shiraz. Iran.
asasi@shirazu.ac.ir
Hossein
Goudarzi
.2Department of Avian Diseases Research & Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, (AREEO) Karaj, Iran.
h.goudarzi46@gmail.com
Mansour
-
Banani
0000-0002-0504-5596
Department of Avian Diseases Research & Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, (AREEO) Karaj, Iran.
mbanani111@gmail.com
10.22059/ijvm.2020.290456.1005031
<br /> <strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND </span></span></strong><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(ORT) is a remarkable pathogen in the world poultry industry. The vaccine against this agent is used in poultry farms to prevent infection and reduce the incidence of disease. </span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In the present study, the efficacy of the first Iranian inactivated ORT vaccine produced by the Razi Vac-cine and Serum Research Institute was evaluated using the experimental challenge system . </span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Ninety day-old specific-pathogen-free White leghorn chickens were divided randomly into five groups of 18 chickens. The birds were housed in separate specific cages in isolation rooms. At the age of 14 days, the birds of two groups were vaccinated. Afterwards, at the age of 42 days, two groups of unvaccinated chickens and all of the vaccinated subjects were challenged with the LaSota strain of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and ORT. One group of unvaccinated birds was maintained as the negative control. Blood samples were taken from chickens on days 14 (before vaccination) and 42 (before challenge) of the experiment. In addition, blood samples were collected on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 after the challenge (AC). On days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 after challenging with ORT, the isolation and molecular detection of the bacteria were performed on samples from the trachea, lungs, air sacs, liver, and spleen. </span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Following vaccination with the Razi ORT vaccine, the titers of antibody in vaccinated chickens were shown to be significantly higher than those of unvaccinated birds. In vaccinated groups, the ORT was not recovered in cultures from lungs, trachea, and air sacs. In the unvaccinated birds challenged with ORT, bacteria were isolated from lungs, tra-chea, and air sacs. Using the polymerase chain reaction method, ORT was only detected from samples of lungs, trachea, and air sacs 2 days after challenge (DAC) in vaccinated groups. Meanwhile, ORT was detected in lungs, trachea, and air sacs until 4 days after challenge in unvaccinated birds. </span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">We concluded that the Razi ORT vaccine was effective in protecting layer chickens against infection with serotype A of the ORT. </span></span></span>
Challenge,chicken,ornithobacterium rhinotracheale,polymerase chain reaction,Vac-cine
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80242.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80242_6fe63090ce341058170cc99685f5db71.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
4
2020
10
01
Study of Human IgG and IgE Antibodies Against Bee (Apis mellifera) Venom
412
419
EN
Sedigheh
Nabian
4151 2350 0002 0000
Section of Honey Bee, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
nabian@ut.ac.ir
Mohammad
Taheri
Rastegar Reference Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
taherim@ut.ac.ir
Mina
Babai
Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
babai@ut.ac.ir
Parastoo
Yousefi
Rastegar Reference Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
yosefip@ut.ac.ir
Abbas
Gerami Sadeghian
Section of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
geramia@ut.ac.ir
Zahra
Asadollahi
Section of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
asadollahi.z@ut.ac.ir
Ramin
Mazaheri Nezhad Fard
Division of Food Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
raminmazaheri@ut.ac.ir
10.22059/ijvm.2020.260482.1004906
BACKGROUND:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">Bee venom contains various biomolecules, such as enzymes, peptides, and amines. The immune sys-tem produces IgG antibodies against bee venom proteins. However, IgE antibodies may also be developed in allergic individuals.</span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">In this study, immune responses, including IgG and IgE reactions to bee venom were assessed in vari-ous individuals, using the immunoblotting technique.</span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">Serum samples were collected from 20 people of three major groups, namely beekeepers, allergic individu-als, and normal people. Venom samples of honey bees and wild bees were collected from the suburbs of Tehran, Iran. Furthermore, commercial honey bee venom samples extracted from </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;">Apis mellifera </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">and samples of wild bees extracted from </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;">Polistes </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">and </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;">Vespula </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">were purchased from France. Immunoblotting was carried out using the sera of subjects and anti-human IgG and IgE coupled to horseradish peroxidase.</span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed similar protein bands in </span></span></span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">Iranian and European honey bee venoms, including α</span></span></span><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">-glucosidase (170 kDa), Api m (100 kDa), acid phosphatase (49 kDa), hyaluronidase (43 kDa), phospholipase A2 (17 kDa), and melittin (2 kDa). In wild bees, two bands were found with the molecular weights of 35 and 25 kDa belonging to antigen 5 and phospholipase A1, respectively. These were not observed in honey bee venoms. Immunoblot analysis revealed that all the mentioned proteins were immunogenic and al-lergenic in different individuals. Hyaluronidase, as well as phospholipases A1 and A2, were the major allergens in most individuals, while IgE reaction to melittin was only reported in one person.</span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">In conclusion, studies on antibodies against bee venoms can be useful in immunotherapy. Different people indicated distinct allergenic patterns. Therefore, further similar assays are recommended before, during, and after immunotherapy.</span></span></span>
Apis mellifera,Bee venom,IgG,IgE,Polistes,Vespula
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80234.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80234_70794345454077b663d32b6891f3dff8.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
4
2020
10
01
Computed Tomographic and Morphometric Study of Cervical Vertebrae in Healthy White New Zealand Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)
421
431
EN
Banafsheh
Shateri Amiri
Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
shateri@yahoo.com
Sarang
Soroori
Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
soroori@ut.ac.ir
Omid
Zehtabvar
https://orcid.org/00
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
ozehtabvar@ut.ac.ir
Amir
Rostami
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
arostami@ut.ac.ir
Reihaneh
Soflaei
Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
soflaei@yahoo.com
10.22059/ijvm.2020.296790.1005060
BACKGROUND:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">Nowadays, use of rabbits in research as laboratory animals is quite prevalent, however imaging modal-ities for producing anatomical illustrations are rare. Computed tomography (CT) is a nonaggressive modality which provides more anatomical detailed data.</span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">This study aimed to create a plenary and exact deliniation and morphometric evaluation of cervical ver-tebrae in rabbits.</span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">A CT scanner with two detectors was used in this study. Several parameters were measured in 10 healthy, adult female white New Zealand rabbits and the results were evaluated.</span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">Some parameters including VBH, SCH, PDL, PDW, VBL, EPH, and EPW had no significant difference through cervical vertebrae but other parameters such as SPH, TPL, TPW, SPA, and TPA were significantly different. In the fifth cervical vertebrae, transverse process had three parts, as well as having a big transverse foramen while in the sixth vertebra, transverse process resembled a wide plate</span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">VBH had an invariable measure from the second to seventh cervical vertebrae. SPH had an invariable measure from the second cervical vertebra to the sixth one, then once more it increased at the location of the seventh cervical vertebra and was invariable up to the first thoracic vertebra. This study presents a complete and precise description and morphometric evaluation of cervical vertebrae in rabbits using CT scan. As an important feature of this study, no specimen was killed and anatomical studies were performed using the CT scan technique .</span></span></span>
Anatomy,Cervical vertebrae,Computed tomography,Morphometry,Rabbit
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80247.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80247_d1869b5b5f5158c7d53d8e3363d91740.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
4
2020
10
01
Evaluation of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury Contents in Some Commercially Valuable Fish Species of Caspian Sea and Persian Gulf
433
441
EN
Poulin
Shohreh
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
p.shohreh@ausmt.ac.ir
Maryam
Azizkhani
Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
azizkhani.maryam@gmail.com
Shalaleh
Mousavi
Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
shalaleh.mousavi@tabrizu.ac.ir
10.22059/ijvm.2020.282944.1004994
BACKGROUND:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">Fish and fish products are consumed in many countries as a considerable source of nutrients. The heavy metals contents are known to increase drastically in the marine environment.</span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">The present study investigated the contents of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in four com-mercially valuable fish species of the Caspian Sea (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;">Rutilus frisii kutum</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">) and Persian Gulf (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;">Parastromateus niger</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">, </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;">Pomadasys kaakan</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">, and </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;">Scomberomorus commerson</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">).</span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">A total of 200 samples were collected randomly from fresh fish. A microwave-assisted digestion method was conducted to prepare fish samples and atomic absorption spectroscopy was used for determining heavy metals.</span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">The ranges obtained for heavy metals were 0.013-0.038, 0.127-0.352, and 0.007-0.067 mg/kg for Cd, Pb, and Hg, respectively. No fish species overpassed the standard concentrations of metals set by the national or international standards, except for the mean level of Pb in </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;">Parastromateus niger</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">.</span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">Results of the present study indicated that Pb, Cd, and Hg were found in Iranian fish species exclu-sively in trace levels except for the Pb content of the black pomfret of the Persian Gulf. The concentrations of these elements did not exceed the legal limits of the European Commission or the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran.</span></span></span>
Cadmium,Fish,Heavy metals,lead,mercury
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80238.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_80238_c2f5818d8e39c16e76d4adc3811a4d1d.pdf