University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
15
2
2021
04
01
Nanotechnology in Food Packaging and Storage: A Review
122
153
EN
Farideh
Peidaei
Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
f.p168@yahoo.com
Hamed
Ahari
Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
dr.h.ahari@gmail.com
Seyed Amir Ali
Anvar
Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
saaa4824@gmail.com
Maryam
Ataee
Department of Food hygiene, Science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
maryamvetmed@yahoo.com
10.22059/ijvm.2021.310466.1005130
Moving towards globalization, food packaging requires longer storage time, quality control, and hygienic measures based on international standards. Nanotechnology can meet all these needs and implement the essential factors for packaging, storage, protection, marketing, distribution, and communications. Polymer nanotechnology can provide new food packag-ing materials with suitable mechanical, inhibitory, and antimicrobial properties along with nanosensors to track and control food conditions during transportation and storage. In this survey, the latest innovations and applications of nanomaterials in food packaging using improved, active, and smart nanotechnology are reviewed. Moreover, the current business situation, understanding of the health concept in these technologies, as well as the limitations of recently advanced polymer nano-materials that can effectively change the food packaging industry are discussed
antimicrobial properties,Active packaging,Industry,Food packaging,Nanotechnology
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82239.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82239_a1588d8307c22779bbd66323340f01a2.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
15
2
2021
04
01
Molecular and in vivo Characterization of an Iranian Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Containing a Mixed Virus Population
155
167
EN
Amir
Ghorbani
Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
amirghorbani@ut.ac.ir
Seyed Mostafa
Peighambari
0000-0001-9166-1303
Department of Avian Diseases
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
Tehran, Iran
mpeigham@ut.ac.ir
Jamshid
Razmyar
0000-0002-1247-4591
Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
jrazmyar@ut.ac.ir
10.22059/ijvm.2020.305989.1005108
<br /><strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease of young chickens caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). IBDV consists of a two-segmented double-stranded RNA genome which can easily undergo genomic recombination or reassortment during mixed infections. </span></span></span><br />OBJECTIVES:<br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The objectives of this study were aimed to characterize a previously identified Iranian IBDV strain (JRMP29IR) in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, evaluate the presence of a mixed and/or reassortant virus popula-tion in this strain, and examine the frequency of genomic recombination and reassortment in publicly available IBDV genomes through bioinformatics study. </span></span></span><br />METHODS:<br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The SPF chickens were challenged with the JRMP29IR strain via oral and intraocular routes. Bursal tissues were extracted for histopathological evaluation and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by Sanger sequencing. Putative recombinations and reassortments were evaluated using the Recombination Detection Program 5. </span></span></span><br />RESULTS:<br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Through genomic sequencing of the viruses from the bursas of infected chickens, the JRMP29IR strain was found which contained viruses from the classic, variant and very virulent IBDV genotypes. Through bioinformatics, nu-merous putative recombination and reassortment events were identified that naturally occur throughout the IBDV genome. </span></span></span><br />CONCLUSIONS:<br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Parental JRMP29IR appears to be derived from a flock undergoing a mixed IBDV infection. High frequency of recombination and reassortment among IBDVs suggests that these events are evolutionarily beneficial for the virus </span></span></span>
Bursal Disease,Mixed Virus,immunosuppressive
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82238.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82238_e01accada68abf3f92d8dee1de5d37cb.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
15
2
2021
04
01
Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Iran
169
173
EN
Arash
Ghalyanchilangeroudi
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
arashghalyanchi@gmail.com
Zahra
Ziafati Kafi
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
zahra.ziafati@gmail.com
Ali
Rajeoni
0000-0002-8474-7536
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
ahrscience@gmail.com
Jamil
Ataii
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
jamilataii1394@gmail.com
Naser
Sadri
0000-0002-5200-2820
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
naser.sadri@ymail.com
Niusha
Hajizamani
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
niushahajizamani@yahoo.com
Leila
Aghaeean
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
mahsaaghaee@gmail.com
Sanaz
Majidi
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
majidisanaz69@gmail.com
Hafez
Sadeghi
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
ghalyanchilab@gmail.com
Mohammadreza
Ghorani
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
mo_gh66@yahoo.com
10.22059/ijvm.2020.299359.1005071
<br /> <strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a significant viral disease of cattle sometimes found in Iran. </span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The aim of this study was the molecular detection of LSD virus (LSDV) and the determination of their relationship with other Iranian isolates. Moreover, the origin and spread of these viruses were evaluated. </span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The lymph node samples taken from clinically affected cattle from the Kurdistan province of Iran were tested for LSDV using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). </span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The partial </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">P32 </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">gene of LSDV was detected by PCR, sequenced, and phylogenetically analyzed. The LSDVs detected in the present study were 42.98%-100% similar to other LSDVs of Iran. </span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Iranian LSDV isolates in this research had the highest similarity to the isolates found in the Indian regions. However, they showed the lowest nucleotide identity with the countries located in the west and southwest of Iran, namely Turkey and Saudi Arabia LSDVs. It could be concluded that these viruses have entered Iran from the eastern borders. It seems that the monitoring of the country borders should be taken into consideration. Further studies should be carried out on LSDV pathogenesis and molecular epidemiology. </span></span></span>
Cattle,Lumpy skin disease,PCR,P32 gene,Phylogenetic analysis
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82202.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82202_ee9999a583f2e49341fcba90f4bc6aea.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
15
2
2021
04
01
Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field as a Supplement to Topical Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Controlled Exercise in Treatment of Equine SDF Tendonitis
175
185
EN
Seyed Reza
Javadi
Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
saboorapartovi@yahoo.com
Fereidoon
Saberi Afshar
Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
saberiafshar@ut.ac.ir
Mohammad Mehdi
Dehghan
0000-0002-8825-9070
Department of Surgery &amp; Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran
mdehghan@ut.ac.ir
Majid
Masoudifard
0000-0001-9087-6919
Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
mmfard@ut.ac.ir
Ehsan
Torki Baghbaderani
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
torki.ehsan@varantavan.com
Javad
Rabiei
Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Garmsar, Garmsar, Iran
javad.rabiee@yahoo.com
Setare
Banani
Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
sbanani1375@gmail.com
10.22059/ijvm.2020.296949.1005061
<br /> <strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Equine superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendonitis is a very common cause of lameness in athletic horses inducing long lameness and prolonged recovery. Multiple treatment protocols have been proposed for this injury none of which have been able to solve the problem completely. Therefore, an affordable, widely available, and non-invasive thera-peutic protocol is sought in the horse industry. </span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The present study aimed to compare the use of topical dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with a combination of topical DMSO and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF). </span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The subjects were divided into two groups of five polo ponies. The animals in the control group were treated by topical DMSO and controlled exercise, while the ponies in the experiment group received the same protocol plus PEMF on the injured tendon. </span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The ultrasonographic factors evaluated in the current study were mostly similar between the two groups except for fiber alignment and echogenicity. The latter variables were shown to have a slightly better improvement in the test group indicating the minimal positive effects of PEMF. In clinical evaluation, both groups were almost identical sug-gesting no impacts for PEMF. </span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In conclusion, applying PEMF using different protocols, such as more extended application at differ-ent frequencies is deemed necessary to elicit a favorable outcome of PEMF for the treatment of SDF tendonitis. </span></span></span>
Dimethyl sulfoxide,Equine tendonitis,Lameness,Pulsed electromagnetic field
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82198.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82198_6255202fc9dc466e2c25be90b291b435.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
15
2
2021
04
01
Improvement of First-Service Conception Rate in Dairy Cows after the Injection of Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin Six Days Postpartum
187
195
EN
Hafez
Sadeghi
0000-0003-1409-0118
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
hafezsadeghi@ut.ac.ir
Faramarz
Gharagozloo
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
faramarz@ut.ac.ir
Mahdi
Vodjgani
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
vodjgani@ut.ac.ir
Vahid
Akbarinejad
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
v_akbarinejad@alumni.ut.ac.ir
Hamid
Dehghan Harati
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
hmdehghan@ut.ac.ir
Ali
Salimi Viyari
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran
a.salimiviyari@urmia.ac.ir
10.22059/ijvm.2020.298705.1005067
<br /> <strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Early resumption of ovarian activity after parturition could positively influence the fertility of dairy cows. Ovulation of the first postpartum follicular wave and formation of corpus luteum that secretes progesterone can sub-stantially benefit the resumption of ovarian cyclicity in cows. In this regard, the presence of a dominant follicle in the ovary before day 10 postpartum could enhance ovulation rate in the first postpartum follicular wave. Pregnant mare serum gon-adotropin (PMSG) is one of the hormones with the potential to improve the growth of follicles. </span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Accordingly, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PMSG injection six days after parturition on reproductive parameters in dairy cows. </span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The subjects were randomly assigned to the two groups of control (N=74) and treatment (N=79). Cows in the control group received no treatment, while animals in the treatment group received 500 IU PMSG on day six postpartum. In both experimental groups, cows were subjected to Presynch-Ovsynch protocol 30-35 days postpartum. The subjects that experienced estrus during the Presynch-Ovsynch protocol were inseminated. On the other hand, the cows that were not in estrus during this period were subjected to fixed-time insemination at the end of the Presynch-Ovsynch protocol. Pregnancy was diagnosed 45 days after artificial insemination using the rectal examination. </span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In the control group, 66.22% of cows were inseminated based on estrus detection and 33.78% of cows were inseminated at fixed times. In the intervention group, 68.35% of cows were inseminated based on estrus detection and 31.65% of cows were inseminated at fixed times. The first-service conception rate (FSCR) was 27.03% and 48.1% in the control and treatment groups, respectively (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">=0.01). </span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The present study showed that the injection of 500 IU PMSG six days after parturition could enhance FSCR in dairy cows. </span></span></span>
Dairy Cows,Estrus synchronization,PMSG,Postpartum,Presycnh-Ovsynch
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82199.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82199_ced7da7a6a878e6636481129bde80486.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
15
2
2021
04
01
The Effects of Cytopathic and Non-cytopathic Biotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus on Sperm Vitality and Viability of Holstein Dairy Bulls in Vitro
197
206
EN
Mehran
Dabiri
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
mrndabiri@gmail.com
Massoud
Talebkhan Garoussi
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
garoussi@ut.ac.ir
Jalil
Mehrzad
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
mehrzad@ut.ac.ir
Parviz
Tajik
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran. Tehran-Iran.
ptajik@ut.ac.ir
َAbbas
Barin
0000-0001-7685-7623
Section of Clinical Pathology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran. Tehran, Iran
abarin05@gmail.com
10.22059/ijvm.2020.305268.1005103
<br /> <strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important pathogens. </span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cytopathic (CP) and non-cytopathic (NCP) biotypes of BVDV on vital status, membrane integrity, and motility of sperm cells in Holstein dairy bulls </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in vitro</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. </span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">BVDV-free frozen semen samples were counted after thawing and centrifuged to separate live sperms. A sample containing 10</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">5 </span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">spermatozoa/mL was prepared. CP and NCP BVDV with 3 different doses of 10</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">5 </span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(high dose), 10</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">4 </span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(medium dose), and 10</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">3 </span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(low dose) tissue culture infectious dose (TCID) 50/mL were challenged to sperm cells. After 2 hours of incubation at 38.5°C, eosin-nigrosine staining and hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test were performed to assess the sperm viability and plasma membrane integrity. Computer assisted semen analysis (CASA) was used to evaluate the sperm motility parameters. The obtained data were analyzed using GLM method in SAS software. </span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The percentage of live spermatozoa in the control group was 72±3.60%. However, it decreased significantly with the increase of virus concentration in both groups (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA">≤0.05). Sperm </span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">integrity in the control group showed that the quality of semen was 65± 3.21. But the effect of virus biotypes resulted in a significant decrease in both high (10</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">5</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">) and low (10</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">3</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">) concentrations (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA">≤0.05). BVDV biotypes are able to reduce different sperm mov</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">ements as their concentration-increases. </span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">We concluded that CP and NCP biotypes of BVDV had a significant effect (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;" lang="JA">≤0.05) on survival, </span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">plasma membrane integrity, and motility of sperm cells </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">in vitro</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. </span></span></span>
BVDV,in vitro,Motility,Sperm,viability
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82237.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82237_51cb77b044f93fe5887a7068dd8134e0.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
15
2
2021
04
01
Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of HydroalcoholicExtract of Ferulago angulta in Experimental Hyperlipidemic Rats
208
219
EN
Mohammad
Abbasi
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
mohammadabbasi586@gmail.com
Jahangir
Kaboutari Kataj
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
kabutari-j@sku.ac.ir
Javad
Cheraghi
Department of Veterinary Laboratory Sciences,Faculty of paraveterinary Medicine, University of Ilam
j.cheraghi@ilam.ac.ir
Morteza
Zendehdel kheibari
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
zendehdel@ut.ac.ir
10.22059/ijvm.2020.292328.1005042
<br /> <strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Metabolic disorders, and their consequences, are among the most important hygienic problems of mod-ern life. </span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Due to the increased global interest in natural remedies and their importance in the treatment of diseases, </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Ferulago angulata, </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">as one of the oldest known medicinal plants of folk medicine, was evaluated its hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects. </span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 147 adult male rats were randomly divided into seven groups, each with three replicates (n=7): control group, untreated hyperlipidemia group, three treated hyperlipidemia groups, treated with 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg of the </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">F. angulata </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">hydroalcoholic extract (FAHE)</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">, </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">two hyperlipidemia groups treated with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), and metfor-min (500 mg/kg). After 21 days, serum glucose and total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and the ratios of LDL/HDL and TC/LDL, were measured. </span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In all hyperlipidemia groups treated with different doses of FAHE, glucose, TG, TC, LDL-C, and LDL/HDL ratios were significantly reduced, while significant increases in HDL-C and cholesterol/LDL ratios were observed com-pared to the untreated hyperlipidemia group; however, a significant reduction of VLDL was only observed at the dose of 500 mg/kg FAHE. Hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of FAHE at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses were comparable to atorvastatin and metformin. </span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">These results indicated the hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of FAHE, which may be due to the high phenolic, flavonoids, and trace element contents, providing powerful antioxidant potential and affecting the en-zymatic pathways of lipid and glucose synthesis and metabolism </span></span></span>
Atorvastatin,Ferulago angulata,hyperglycemia,Hyperlipidemia,Metformin
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82197.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82197_2dee7439fe43623d12895ad94db7ba0a.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
15
2
2021
04
01
Morphological Variations in the Skulls of Male and Female Persian Fallow Deer (Dama dama mesopotamica)
221
232
EN
Behrokh
Marzban Abbasabadi
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
behrokh_ma@yahoo.com
Fariborz
Ghojoghi
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran
fariborzghojoghi@yahoo.com
Saber
Rahmati
Veterinary School, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad Universities, Babol, Iran
dr.saberrahmati@yahoo.com
Omid
Hajian
Veterinary School, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran
omid.hajian@hotmail.com
10.22059/ijvm.2020.299875.1005075
BACKGROUND:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">Persian fallow deer (PFD), </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: small;">Dama dama mesopotamica</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">, is one of the rarest members of the Cervidae family currently listed as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.</span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">Morphological variations in the skulls of male and female PFDs were evaluated in this investigation.</span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">In cooperation with the Department of Environment, skulls and mandibles were obtained from five male and four female animals. After the usual practices of bone cleaning, the specimens were evaluated for morphological differences. Next, 29 parameters were measured on the skulls and mandibles by a digital Vernier caliper for morphometric studies. In addition, ten, six, and nine landmark points were defined on the left lateral photos of mandibles, dorsal, and left lateral photos of skulls, respectively. The points were digitized on two-dimensional images using the TpsDig2 software. The shape differ-ences between the two genders were analyzed using discriminate function analysis in the MorphoJ software.</span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">The interfrontal ridge was more prominent in male PFDs than in female animals. Moreover, there were some significant differences in the measured parameters, mostly in the mandible. The geometric morphometric evaluations showed no significant differences between the two genders.</span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #231f20; font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: small;">The findings of the present investigation revealed some morphological differences between the skulls of male and female PFDs</span></span></span>
Dimorphism,Head,Mandible,Persian fallow deer,skull
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82285.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82285_3bd1fa0ee62e10b4cb26bbb9c330ad62.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
15
2
2021
04
01
Effect of Ziziphora clinopodioides Essential Oil Stress on Viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum Microencapsulated with Alginate-Chitosan and Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Probiotic Yoghurt
234
252
EN
Nafise
Alighazi
Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
nafise.alighazi@yahoo.com
Negin
Noori
0000-0002-4707-845X
Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
nnoori@ut.ac.ir
Hassan
Gandomi
0000-0003-0846-6633
Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
gandomih@ut.ac.ir
Afshin
Akhondzadeh
0000-0002-8532-5757
Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
aakhond@ut.ac.ir
10.22059/ijvm.2020.303329.1005092
<br /> <strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The probiotics must be alive in sufficient numbers and one of the main stress factors that probiotic strains should tolerate is food preservatives, like herbal essential oils (EOs). To provide a balance between sensory accept-ability and antimicrobial efficacy, the use of sub-lethal concentrations of EOs in combination with other preservation methods has been proposed. </span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sub-lethal level of </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Ziziphora clinopodioides </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">essential oil (ZEO) stress on viability of microencapsulated </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Lactobacillus acidophilus, </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Bifidobacterium bifidum</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">, and examine physicochemical and sensory properties of probiotic yoghurt during 28 days of storage. Moreover, the survival of probi-otics was evaluated in gastrointestinal conditions. </span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The sub-lethal and lethal levels of ZEO were determined for </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Lactobacillus acidophilus </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Bifidobacterium bifidum</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. Both probiotics (10</span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">9 </span></span></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">CFU/mL) were exposed to sub-lethal dose of ZEO on MRS broth for about 2 h and then microencapsulated with alginate-chitosan. First, viability of encapsulated probiotics was estimated in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. After preparation of yoghurt, enumeration of free and encapsulated probiotics in yoghurt was done. Finally, physicochemical and sensory properties of probiotic yoghurt were measured. </span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">According to the GC-MS, Thymol (41.70%), alpha-terpineol (7.31%) and carvacrol (5.39%) were the most commonly detected components in the ZEO. The lethal doses of ZEO for </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">L. acidophilus </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">B. bifidum </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">probiotic bacteria were 1750 and 1500 ppm, respectively. Encapsulation and exposure of probiotics to sub-lethal dose of </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Z</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">EO increased significantly the survival of probiotics in both gastrointestinal conditions and during 28 days of yoghurt storage (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><0.05). Furthermore, encapsulation and exposure of probiotics to sub-lethal dose of ZEO did not significantly change the pH of yoghurt samples (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">>0.05). On the other hand, syneresis was not significantly different in all samples (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">>0.05). The group exposed to ZEO obtained the lowest score for flavor. However, significant differences were observed between the exposed and other groups in the term of flavor, texture and overall acceptability (</span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">p </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><0.05). </span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Exposure to sublethal concentration of ZEO could be used as a prebiotic in probiotic yoghurt contain-ing probiotics so as to improve the survival and viability of microcapsulated probiotics and enhance some of the physico-chemical and sensory properties. </span></span></span>
Bifidobacterium bifidum,Encapsulation,lactobacillus acidophilus,Probiotic yoghurt,Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82235.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82235_50be111bd7f7acbd7981d2abe5de345b.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
15
2
2021
04
01
Zinc Phosphide Intoxication in Three Horses: A Case Repor
254
258
EN
Ali
Sadeghinasab
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
sadeghinasabali@basu.ac.ir
Farhad
Mahra
Equine Veterinary Practitioner, Hamedan, Iran
mahrafarhad@yahoo.com
Reza
Solgi
Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran.
rezasolgui@gmail.com
Alireza
Nourian
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
nourian.ar@gmail.com
Aliasghar
Bahari
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
aliasghar.bahari@basu.ac.ir
10.22059/ijvm.2020.302634.1005088
<br /> <span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">Three adult crossbred Thoroughbred horses died in June 2018 at a ranch near Hamedan, Iran. Rigor mortis was evident with no signs of post-mortem bloating in the carcasses. The neck muscles appeared excessively cyanotic in necropsy. In addition, widespread petechiae were observed on the inner surface of the thoracic intercostal muscles. Dropsy was visible in the inner surface of the abdominal wall and peritoneum. The stomach content was watery and dark gray. Furthermore, gastric mucosa was also gray. The livers had a dark appearance and the adjacent duodenum was gaseous and blackened. The kidneys showed autolysis with areas of medullary hyperemia. In addition to decomposition, a specific odor similar to the garlic aroma or natural gas could be smelled from the carcasses. Tissues and contents of various organs, as well as food and water samples, were collected for diagnostic tests. Preliminary toxicological studies showed detectable amounts of phosphide in the samples collected from gastric contents of the animals, and complementary tests confirmed the presence of zinc phosphide in the concentrate feed. </span></span>
equine,Histopathology,phosphine,poison,rodenticide
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82280.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82280_8f6c80b88df8841bf8e655403b7d0af3.pdf