University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
10
4
2016
12
01
Molecular characterization of recent Iranian infectious bronchitis virus isolates based on S2 protein gene
245
252
EN
Kamran
Nazemi
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN.
kamran.nazemi@gmail.com
Arash
Ghalyanchi Langeroudi
0000-0001-7914-0863
Department of Microbiology and immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran - IRAN
ghalyana@ut.ac.ir
Masoud
Hashemzadeh
Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, IRAN.
hashemzadehma@gmail.com
Vahid
Karimi
Department of Avian Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN.
vkarimi2002@yahoo.com
Waleed
Seger
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IRAN.
dr.validmajeed@gmail.com
Mohammad Reza
Ehsan
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
m_reza_ehsan@yahoo.com
10.22059/ijvm.2016.59716
<strong>Background:</strong> Avian infectious bronchitis (IB), with avian<br />infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) as the causing agent, is a ubiquitous endemic<br />disease of the chicken with devastating effects on its industry. A viral<br />membrane surface protein called S not<br />only induces neutralizing antibodies but also plays an important role in virus<br />binding and entry to host cells. Technically, S1 protein gene sequencing also<br />helps greatly in IBV genotyping. <strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> The aim of this study was<br />to characterize Iranian IBV based on S2 gene. <strong>METHODS:</strong> After RT-PCR<br />amplification, the S2 gene of nine Iranian IBV isolates were sequenced and then<br />compared with reference strains. <strong>RESULTS: </strong>The isolates were classified<br />into genotype I as Massachusetts like IB Vs, genotype VII which clustered into<br />two branches, VIIa (IS-1494 like IB viruses), and VIIb, and was related to QX-<br />like viruses and Genotype VIII as 793/B like IBVs. <strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> As far<br />as we know, this is the first S2-based classification study on Iranian IBV<br />isolates providing a firm experimental basis to correlate with genotypic<br />characterization
Characterization,infectious bronchitis virus,genotyping,Phylogenetic study,spike
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59716.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59716_e2dbadcdc9b2b79a1ead717a12002201.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
10
4
2016
12
01
Molecular evaluation of M2 protein of Iranian avian influenza viruses of H9N2 subtype in order to find mutations of adamantane drug resistance
253
262
EN
Mohammad
Malekan
1Department of Avian Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
dr.m.malekan@gmail.com
Mehdi
VasfiMarandi
Department of Avian Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
mvmarand@ut.ac.ir
abas
Barin
0000-0001-7685-7623
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
abarin05@gmail.com
Talat
Mokhtari azad
Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
mokhtari@hotmail.com
Mohammad Mehdi
Ranjbar
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
mm.ranjbar.phd@gmail.com
Mohsen
Bashashati
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
mohsenbashashati@gmail.com
10.22059/ijvm.2016.59718
<strong>Background:</strong> The H9N2 subtype of influenza A viruses is considered to be widespread in poultry industry. Adamantane is a group of antiviral agents which is effective both in prevention and treatment of influenza A virus infections. These drugs inhibit M2 protein ion channel which has role on viral replication. <strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> The main objective of this study is to evaluate M gene of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of H9N2 subtype in order to find adamantane drug resistance mutations. <strong>METHODS:</strong> Over 100 suspected samples were collected from different geographical regions of Iran during 2012-2013. Samples were injected via allantoic sac of 9-11 day-old chicken embryos. A total of 11 out of 100 were AIV. The H9N2 subtype was confirmed by specific RT-PCR. The RT-PCR was conducted for full length M gene. PCR amplified products were purified and then conducted for commercial direct sequencing. Finally, sequences were checked for possible sites of adamantane resistance mutations. <strong>RESULTS:</strong> Overall, 8 out of 11 viruses harbored the adamantane resistance-associated mutations. Of which, four viruses were isolated in 2013 and four viruses in 2012. Two different resistance-associated mutations were observed during different years. <strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> The present study provided clear evidence concerning resistance AIVs of H9N2 subtype that were circulating in Iranian poultry sector. This concern is always present as M segment might be introduced into human influenza viruses by reassortment phenomenon.
adamantane drug resistance,Avian influenza virus,H9N2,M2 protein,Poultry
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59718.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59718_477cd11643431e68f0e86c4bfeab6a20.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
10
4
2016
12
01
Antimicrobial activity of Zatacin against bacterial diarrheal pathogens
263
268
EN
Mohaddese
Mahboubi
Department of Microbiology, Biology Center, Medicinal Plant Center of Barij, Km. 5 Mashhad-Ardehal, 87135-1187 Kashan, Iran
mahboubi1357@yahoo.com
Tahereh
Falsafi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran.
falsafi.tahereh@yahoo.com
Majid
Torabi Goodarzi
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute (Central Area branch), Arak, Iran
torabi14@gmail.com
10.22059/ijvm.2016.59720
<strong>Background:</strong> Calf diarrhea is an important disease that is caused by different pathogens including bacteria, virus and parasites and is associated with economic losses. <strong>Objectives: </strong>In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activities of Zatacin (<em>Z. multiflora</em> aerial part ethanol extract), colistin, co-Trimoxazole and enrofloxacin against clinical isolates of <em>Salmonella</em> sp, <em>E. coli</em> and <em>Campylobacter</em> sp isolated from diarrheic calves. <strong>Methods:</strong> Disc diffusion method and microbroth dilution assay were used for antimicrobial evaluation. <strong>Results: </strong>In disc diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of Zatacin increased dose dependently. The sensitivity of different isolates of <em>E. coli</em>, <em>Salmonella</em> sp and <em>Campylobacter</em> sp to Zatacin was almost the same. The antibacterial activity of Zatacin was lower than that of enrofloxacin but it was higher than co-Trimoxazole and colistin. The means of MIC values of Zatacin for <em>E.coli</em> were higher than that of <em>Campylobacter</em> sp and <em>Salmonella</em> sp but its means of MBC values for <em>E. coli</em> were lower than that of two other bacteria. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Zatacin can be used as an antimicrobial agent in treatment of infectious causes of calf scours instead of antibiotics with undesired adverse effects on animal and humans.
Antibacterial,Calf,Diarrhea,zatacin,Zataria multiflora
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59720.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59720_8d530b3ff5104dd4e91095d5e472a8a0.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
10
4
2016
12
01
Changes in electrocardiographic, hematologic and biochemical indices of Markhoz goat breed in experimental hypocalcemia
269
276
EN
Shahin
Fakour
Department of clinical sciences,Faculty of veterinary medicine ,Branch Sanandaj Islamic Azad university
fakours@yahoo.com
payam
Hajizadeh
Graduated of faculty of veterinary medicne , Branch sanandaj Islamic Azad University
hajizade@yahoo.com
10.22059/ijvm.2016.59727
<strong>Background:</strong> Milk fever in cattle, sheep and goats occurs around the time of parturition and is caused by hypocalcemia. <strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological effects of experimental hypocalcemia on electrocardiography, hematology and serum biochemical changes in Markhoz goat breed. <strong>METHODS:</strong> Ethylene diamine tetra- acetate solution 4.6% was intravenously infused to 5 healthy goats (experimental group) and 5 healthy goats received 0.9% saline solution (IV) as control group. In both groups, electrocardiogram was recorded in base apex lead and serum was collected before and after infusion. Electrocardiography, biochemical and hematologic parameters were measured. Clinical signs of hypocalcaemia were caused by EDTA infusion. <strong>RESULTS: </strong>The results in experimental group showed a significant decrease in calcium, lactate dehydrogenase, potassium, and increase in glucose concentration, (p<0.05).The white blood cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils decreased significantly (p<0.05). Magnesium concentration, creatine phosphokinase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, phosphorus, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, Mean cell volume, Mean cell hemoglobin did not show significant change (p>0.05), heart rate change, presence of arrhythmias and its type were significant (p<0.05). But, QRS pattern, T shape, P, QRS and T amplitude, S-T and Q-T interval waves had no significant change (p>0.05). No significant change was seen in control group. <strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> The results indicate that evaluating some biochemical, enzymatic, hematological and electrocardiography changes can be helpful in the diagnosis of hypocalcemia.<br />
Biochemical,electrocardiography,experimental hypocalcemia,Hematology,Markhoz goat
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59727.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59727_53e09719bd2762fb54068ee757b4c450.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
10
4
2016
12
01
Circulating metabolic hormones in different metabolic states of high producing Holstein dairy cows
277
284
EN
Ali Asghar
Chalmeh
D.V.M; Ph.D; Assistant Professor of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Division of Large Animal Internal Medicine; Department of Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Shiraz University; Shiraz; Iran
achalmeh81@gmail.com
Ali
Hajimohammadi
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
ali.hadjimohammadi@gmail.com
10.22059/ijvm.2016.59721
<strong>Background:</strong> Information regarding the metabolic hormones in different metabolic states of high producing dairy cows can aid high producing herds to manage and resolve the metabolic and production problems. Furthermore, it can be considered as a tool to evaluate metabolic status of dairy cows. Herd managers can also evaluate the energy input-output relationships by assessing the metabolic profile to prevent and control negative energy balance, metabolic disorders and nutritional insufficiencies. <strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> The present study was performed to clarify the metabolic hormone profile in each metabolic state of high producing Holstein dairy cows. The results of this research can reveal the normal metabolic state of these animals. <strong>METHODS:</strong> 25 multiparous Holstein dairy cows were divided to 5 equal groups containing early, mid and late lactations, far-off and close-up dry periods. Blood samples were collected from all cows and sera were analyzed for concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free T3 (fT3), free T4 (fT4), cortisol and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). <strong>RESULTS:</strong> Serum T3 concentration in early lactation group was significantly higher than other ones (p<0.05). T4 levels in early and mid lactation dairy cows were lower than other studied groups, significantly. The cows in early lactation and close-up dry periods had the highest and the lowest serum fT3 concentrations, respectively (p<0.05). fT4 in far-off dry cows was significantly higher than others. The highest and the lowest circulating levels of cortisol were detected in mid and late lactation periods, respectively (p<0.05). The lowest concentrations of IGF1 were detected in early lactation period and its highest levels were seen in mid and late lactation and far-off dry cows (p<0.05). <strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>Metabolic hormones change in different metabolic states of high producing Holstein dairy cows. The presented metabolic hormone profile can be considered as criteria to monitor the metabolic status of dairy cows at different metabolic states.
Dairy Cows,herd management,metabolic hormones,normal value,physiologic states
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59721.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59721_ab1688889c636f344f3e0ed78e0923dc.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
10
4
2016
12
01
Tissue distribution of artemisinin in broiler chickens following single or multiple oral administration
285
294
EN
Saied
Habibian Dehkordi
Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University
habibian_dehkordi@yahoo.com
Hossein Ali
Arab
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran
harab@ut.ac.ir
Motahareh
Esmaeili
Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University
m.esmaili.dvm@gmail.com
Jahangir
Kabutari
Department of Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University
kaboutari-j@vet.sku.ac.ir
Amir Ali
Shahbazfar
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz
shahbazfar@tabrizu.ac.ir
10.22059/ijvm.2016.59724
<strong>Background:</strong> Artemisinin is commonly used for the treatment of malaria, but recently has been considered as a potential substance to control poultry coccidiosis. <strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>The aim of the present study was to determine the tissue distribution of artemisinin following single or multiple oral administration of different doses in broiler chickens.<strong> METHODS: </strong>A total number of 390 one day old Ross broiler chicks were divided randomly into two main groups, in the first group 0, 1, 5, 25, 125, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg artemisinin as a single oral dose was administered on day 44, but the second group were treated with 0, 17, 34, 68 or 136 ppm artemisinin from day 8 to day 44. The HPLC system was used to determine the level of artemisinin in different tissue samples. Data were assessed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey’s test (p<0.05). <strong>RESULTS: </strong>Maximum concentrations of artemisinin were found in the liver of chickens in both groups in a dose dependent manner. While, the minimum level was determined in the brain and the kidney of chickens received multiple artemisinin administration; in the spleen of those chickens a single oral dose was administered. The concentration of artemisinin in the brain reached a plateau at 68 ppm in multiple administration and 125mg/kg at single dose, no shift was found with dose increment. <strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> It can be concluded that tissue accumulation of artemisinin is time and dose dependent. Moreover, redistribution, saturation effect and tissue selectivity were also observed.
artemisinin,biodisposition,Broilers,multiple oral intake,single dose
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59724.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59724_447554246dff069487f3ff223d0fa3ea.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
10
4
2016
12
01
Preparation and evaluation of a thermosensitive liposomal hydrogel for sustained delivery of danofloxacin using mesoporous silica nanoparticles
295
306
EN
Katayoun
Kiani
PhD student, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
katiekiani@yahoo.com
Ali
Rassouli
0000-0001-6591-2404
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
arasooli@ut.ac.ir
Yalda
Hosseinzadeh Ardakani
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
yh-ardakani@tums.ac.ir
Hamid
Akbari Javar
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
hamidakbari44@yahoo.com
Sakineh
Khanamani Falahatipour
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
falahatipour@yahoo.com
Pegah
Khosraviyan
0000-0002-4802-8534
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
pegah.khosraviyan@gmail.com
Taghi
Zahraee Salehi
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
tzahraee@ut.ac.ir
10.22059/ijvm.2016.59731
<strong>Background:</strong> Sustained release delivery system can reduce the dosage frequency and maintain the therapeutic level of drugs for a longer time. Biodegradable, biocompatible and thermosensitive chitosan-beta-glycerophosphate (C-GP) solutions can solidify at body temperature and maintain their physical integrity for a longer duration. <strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> To develop a novel delivery system based on the integration of liposomes in hydrogel using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) for sustained release of danofloxacin in farm animals. <strong>METHODS:</strong> The MSNs were prepared using N-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and tetraethylortho silica. The liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration method. C-GP solution containing danofloxacin-loaded MSN liposomes underwent different in-vitro tests, including evaluation of the entrapment efficiency, gelation time, morphology, drug release pattern as well as antimicrobial activities against <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em>. <strong>RESULTS:</strong> The mean pore size of MSNs was 2.8 nm and the mean MSN entrapment efficiency was 45%. Kinetics of danofloxacin release from liposomal hydrogel followed the Higuchi’s model. This formulation was capable of sustaining the danofloxacin release for more than 96 h. The FTIR studies showed that there were no interactions between danofloxacin and hydrogel excipients. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the formed gel had a continuous texture, while the swelled gel in the phosphate buffer had a porous structure. Microbiological tests revealed a high antibacterial activity for lipomosal hydrogel of danofloxacin-loaded MSN comparable with danofloxacin solution. <strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> The liposomal hydrogel solidified at body temperature, effectively sustained the release of danofloxacin and showed in vitro antibacterial effects.
danofloxacin,drug delivery,liposome,mesoporous silica nanoparticles,thermosensitive
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59731.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59731_8d45fdd04f57184aaef29a17062328bb.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
10
4
2016
12
01
Effect of Lipia Citridora leaves powder on growth performance, carcass traits, blood metabolites and meat quality of broilers
307
318
EN
Marziyeh
Mehrparvar
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
marzi.mehrparvar@yahoo.com
Mozhgan
Mazhari
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
mozhgan.mazhari@gmail.com
Omidali
Esmaeilipour
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
esmaeili25@gmail.com
Masoud
Sami
Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
masoud.sami2@gmail.com
10.22059/ijvm.2016.59728
<strong>Background:</strong> Since the prohibition of antibiotic growth promoter in poultry ration by the European Union, poultry producers have been trying to replace them by other growth promoters like medicinal herbs. <em>Lipia citridora</em> is a medicinal herb enriched by several powerful phenolic compounds and with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties which lead to enhancing appetite and growth performance of broiler. <strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of <em>Lipia citridora</em> leaves powder (LCLP) on growth performance, carcass traits, blood metabolites, and meat quality of broilers. <strong>METHODS: </strong>The experiment was carried out with 160 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens in a completely randomized design. The chicks were allocated to four diets including basal diet and treatment diets which were supplemented with 3 levels of LCLP (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0% of diet) in 16-floor pens with 10 chickens each. At the end of the experiment, 2 chicks/pen were selected and the assigned parameters were evaluated. <strong>RESULTS: </strong>All levels of LCLP improved (p<0.01) feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in all periods except for starter phase. Also, 1% LCLP improved FI (1.49%), BWG (4.20%) and FCR (2.59%) compared to control group during the whole period. Birds fed herbal additive had a significantly higher relative weight of carcass, breast, bursa of fabricius and spleen in 1% LCLP group compared with the control group. Addition of 1% of LCLP decreased (p<0.05) LDL (15.85%), cholesterol (8.73%), triglyceride (8.82%), and increased (p<0.01) white blood cells (8.04). Meat quality enhanced via an intense reduction (p<0.01) in thiobarbituric acid (50.15%) and cooking loss (14.16%). <strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>Our finding showed that the highest level of LCLP in this study (1%) performed the best as improved growth performance, ameliorated serum lipids, increased white blood cells and enhanced the meat quality.
broiler,Blood metabolites,growth performance,lipia citridora,Meat quality
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59728.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59728_d3c7ebaed7bf6b94950629b62b22eb2c.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
10
4
2016
12
01
Acute toxicity evaluation of five herbicides: paraquat, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), trifluralin, glyphosite and atrazine in Luciobarbus esocinus fingerlings
319
330
EN
mojtaba
alishahi
Associated Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
alishahimoj@gmail.com
Zahra
Tulaby Dezfuly
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid
Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
z.tulaby@gmail.com
Takavar
Mohammadian
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid
Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
takavar_m2002@yahoo.com
10.22059/ijvm.2016.59726
<strong>Background:</strong> Evaluation of herbicide pollution in aquatic environments needs the great concern and the most important echo-pollutant effects of herbicides are related to their effects on non target aquatic organisms. Native fish can serve as a proper bio-indicator for evaluation of pollution on aquatic ecosystems. <strong>OBJECTIVES:</strong> To find environmentally friendly herbicides, in this study the acute toxicity of five widely used herbicides in Iran as aquatic ecosystems pollutants on <em>Luciobarbus esocinus</em> were investigated. <strong>METHODS:</strong> Acute toxicity (96 h LC50) of five herbicides (Paraquat, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, Trifluralin, Glyphosite and Atrazine) were determined via OECD standard method. <em>L.esocinus</em> exposed to Serial concentrations (more than 6 in triplicates) of each herbicide. Mortalities at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after exposure were recorded and the LC50 were calculated using Probit software. <strong>RESULTS: </strong>Results showed that acute toxicity of these herbicides are significantly different in <em>L. esocinus</em>. The 96 h LC50 of Paraquat, 2,4-D, Trifluralin, Glyphosite and Atarzine in <em>L.esocinus</em> were 54.66, 138.8, 1.09, 716.83 and 44.30 mg/l respectively. Glyphosite showed lowest toxicity in <em>Luciobarbus esocinus</em> among the five herbicids. The highest toxicity of herbicides in <em>L. esocinus</em> belongs to Trifluralin. The mortality rate of exposed fish to herbicides enhanced either by increasing herbicides concentration or duration of exposure. Mortality patterns during 96 hours of toxicity evaluation were similar in all five herbicides. <strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> Regarding the high application and similar efficacy of herbicides in most of the cane farms of Khouzestan province, and based on different toxicities of these five herbicides for fish as a non targeting organism, Glyphosite is highly recommendable as a proper alternative to Trifluralin, Atrazine, Paraquat and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid.<br />
Acute toxicity,echo-pollutant,herbicide,LC50,Luciobarbus esocinus
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59726.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59726_80b0fe3aac41710fef99b43920cb225a.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
10
4
2016
12
01
Metastatic cutaneous neuro- myofibroblastic sarcoma induced by avian leukosis virus subgroup J in a rooster (Gallus gallus domesticus)
331
340
EN
Hassan
Norouzian
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University
noroozianh@yahoo.com
Omid
Dezfoulian
0000-0002-1162-9248
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University
omidvete@yahoo.com
Hossein
Hosseini
0000-0003-2696-621X
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj
hosseini.ho@gmail.com
10.22059/ijvm.2016.59725
An adult native cock (<em>Gallus gallus domesticus</em>) referred to the aviary clinic with multiple different sizes of round dermal nodules. The bird died few days later, and was then submitted for further evaluation. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations as well as a PCR test were done to identify type and cause of the tumor. In histopathological assessment of biopsy specimen, it consisted of interlacing bundles of fibroblasts that orientated in different directions with plump or elongated spindle shaped nuclei and fairly abundant cytoplasm. At necropsy several large white nodules were implanted in lung and liver. Microscopically the proliferated fibroblastic cells were invaded to both organs, and were similar to those described for skin lesion. The tumor cells had immunoreaction for alpha smooth muscle actin, vimentin and S100 protein, whereas they were negative for desmin and pancytokeratin, suggesting a diagnosis of metastatic neuro-myofibroblastic sarcoma. A PCR test specific for avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) confirmed the presence of that virus in tumor specimens. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed a relatively low similarity in the LTR segment (90%) of the studied virus with other ALV-J strains. It might be the first report of cutaneous neuro-myofibroblastic sarcoma, potentiated to metastasis to other organs induced by ALV-J.
avian leukosis,cutaneous sarcoma,Gallus gallus,myofibroblastic tumor,Rooster
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59725.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_59725_b6352aee027c095568375746b8749555.pdf