University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
1
2020
01
01
Detection of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Lizards (Agama agama) trapped in and around Commercial Poultry Pens in Gombe State, Nigeria
1
12
EN
Jallailudeen
Lawal
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
rabanajallailudeen@yahoo.com
Kingsley
Ezema
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
kuwakwe8@gmail.com
Abdullahi
Biu
Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
biuvet@yahoo.com
Shuaibu
Adamu
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
gidado97@gmail.com
10.22059/ijvm.2019.290121.1005030
<br /> <strong><span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></span></strong><em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Agama agama </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">lizards are the most populous species of lizard in developing countries of African including Nigeria. These lizards are insectivores; they feed on insects and other arthropods, which may predispose them to different gastrointestinal parasitic infections, some of which are of zoonotic importance. </span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This study aimed to investigate the gastrointestinal parasites in </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Agama agama </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">lizards trapped in and around commercial poultry houses in Gombe State, Nigeria. </span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The study was carried out between the months of February and December, 2017. Fresh fecal samples were collected from 200 humanly euthanized </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Agama agama </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">lizards from six Local Government Areas of Gombe State. Samples were examined microscopically for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites eggs or adult worms. </span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Gastrointestinal parasites were detected in 154 (77.0%) </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Agama agama </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">lizards examined, comprising of 58% gastrointestinal helminthes ova and 19% coccidian oocytes. Six species of helminthes were encountered viz: </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Strongyluris </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">species (25.5%), </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Trichuris </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">species (13.5%), </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Oxyuris </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">species (8.0%), </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Ascaris </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">species (5.5%), </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Heterakis </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">species (4.0%) and </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Capillaria </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">species (1.5%) all belonging to the class </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Nematoda</span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. Two coccidian species comprised of </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Eimeria </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">(1.5%) and </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Isospora </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">species (1.5%) were also encountered. The prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in male (68.5%) compared to the female (45.7%) infected lizards. Coccidiosis was also higher (p> 0.05) in the male (19.4%) compared to the female (18.5%) infected lizards. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was found to be significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in the rainy season compared to the dry season of the study period. </span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This study discovered helminthosis and coccidiosis in </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Agama agama </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">lizards roaming in and around poultry pens in Gombe State. The occurrence of six helminthes and two coccidian species were recovered from infected </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Agama agama </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">lizards, and prevalence rates of both parasites were significantly higher during the rainy season. Similar genus of gastrointestinal parasites detected in this study have been previously documented in man and domesticated birds. This suggests the association of </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Agama agama </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">lizards in gastrointestinal parasites transmissions between susceptible hosts. Therefore, it is recommended that further studies involving molecular characterization and comparative studies of </span></span></span><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">these gastrointestinal parasites in </span></span></span><em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Agama agama </span></span></span></em><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">lizards and domesticated birds should be carried out. It is also recommended that strict biosecurity should be maintained in and around commercial poultry houses to curb disease transmission by lizards or wild reptiles to birds. </span></span></span>
Agama agama lizards,commercial poultry pens,gastrointestinal parasites,Gombe State,Nigeria
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75300.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75300_7d4df3a270110f99f5ba1d8909aed98f.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
1
2020
01
01
Detection and Phylogenetic Characterization of Virulence Genes of Escherichia coli Associated with Canine Urinary Tract Infections in India
13
25
EN
Muhammad
Mustapha
1Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences, the Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana India
3Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
tanimuzimbos@gmail.com
Parveen
Goel
Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana India
parveengoel.hsr@gmail.com
Vinay
Kumar
Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, the Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana India
2008v60b@gmail.com
Sushila
Maan
Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, the Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana India
sushilamaan105@gmail.com
10.22059/ijvm.2019.288773.1005022
<strong>BACKGROUND: </strong><em>Escherichia coli </em>(<em>E.coli</em>) is one of the most common and important causative bacterium of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in both dogs and humans.<br /> <strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>This study aimed to identify virulence genes and a phylogenetic group of E. coli isolated from the urine of dogs suffering from UTIs.<br /> <strong>METHODS: </strong><em>E. coli </em>were isolated from urine of dogs suffering from UTIs and tested for the presence of the virulence genes using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing method.<br /> On day 60 after immunization, half of the fish in each treatment was challenged intraperitoneally and the re- maining half of fish in the oral receiving bacterin groups were challenged by bath method with 1 LD50 and 1 LC50 of a <em>Y. ruckeri </em>local virulent isolate respectively.<br /> <strong>RESULTS: </strong>Out of a total of 103 samples, 25 were found to be positive for <em>E. coli</em>, of these 20 (80.0%) were identified as <em>aer</em>, 14(56.0%) as <em>pap </em>, 12(48.0%) as <em>sfa</em>, 8(32.0%) as <em>afa</em>, 5(20.0%) as <em>hly </em>and 5(20.0%) as <em>cnf1 </em>genes. None of the isolates carried <em>cnf2 </em>genes.<br /> <strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>The study demonstrated a high occurrence of virulence genes. The phylogenetic compar- isons of these gene sequences detected in uropathogenic <em>E. coli </em>isolated from dogs showed high similarity to those present in the urine of humans with urinary tract infection. Phylogenetic comparisons of the virulence genes revealed that <em>hly</em>, <em>sfa </em>, <em>cnf1 </em>and pap matched to group B2, afa to group A and aer to group B2 and D.
Dog,Escherichia coli,polymerase chain reaction,Urinary Tract Infection,virulence genes
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75339.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75339_a67d6279b79f68210c2298cd7f9ddde1.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
1
2020
01
01
Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Equine Herpes Virus-1 in Horses with History or Clinical Signs in Four Provinces of Iran
27
36
EN
Afshin
Raoofi
0000-0002-0311-0112
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
raoofi@ut.ac.ir
omid
madadgar
0000-0001-6693-3952
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
omadadgar@ut.ac.ir
Hesamedin
Akbarein
Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
hessamakbarein@yahoo.com
Arash
Tazikeh
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
a.tazikeh@ut.ac.ir
10.22059/ijvm.2019.283048.1004995
BACKGROUND: Equine herpes virus-1 (EHV-1) is a major cause of economic loss in horse industry and is well recognized as a cause of abortion, respiratory disease, neurologic disorders and death of neonatal foals.<br />OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of EHV-1 in horses with clinical signs and/or history associated with this virus from four provinces of Iran (Golestan, Tehran, Khuzestan, West Azer- baijan) that have considerable horse population, followed by phylogenetic study of positive cases and compare them with herpes viruses in other parts of the world.<br />METHODS: Blood samples and nasal swabs were taken from 150 horses from four aforementioned provinc- es. DNA of samples was extracted and used for detection in real-time PCR TaqMan assay. Finally, phyloge- netic trees were designed based on neighbor joining method.<br />RESULTS: Out of 150 sampled horses, a total of 14 (9.33%) were found to be positive for EHV-1. The results indicated that positive cases of EHV-1 from this study were clustered to herpes virus cases in other parts of the world with a noticeable similarity.<br />CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the presence of EHV-1 in these provinces of Iran, thus consideration should be given to preventive and control programs to prevent dissemination and outbreak of this virus.
Equine herpes virus-1,Horse,Molecular detection,Phylogenetic analysis
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75335.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75335_0ea45a466c9c1b3b472db8d8ce8c5c04.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
1
2020
01
01
Molecular and Serological Evaluation of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Water Buffaloes of Southern Iran
37
44
EN
Atefeh
Esmailnejad
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
esmailnejad82@gmail.com
Hamideh
Najafi
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
najafi1988@gmail.com
Yousuf
Torfi
Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
royalusuf198@gmail.com
10.22059/ijvm.2019.283696.1004998
<strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic <em>deltaretrovirus </em>causing a persistent lifelong infection of B lymphocytes. In addition to the domestic cattle, the virus can also infect water buffaloes.<br /> <strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>Recent investigations have demonstrated the increasing prevalence of BLV infection among cattle population in Iran. Large populations of water buffaloes are also kept in different parts of Iran for milk and meat purposes. Considering economic losses induced by BLV infection in buffalo and more importantly the role of this species in virus epidemiology, the present study has investigated the BLV infection in Iranian water buffalo population.<br /> <strong>METHODS: </strong>Seroprevalence and occurrence of BLV was investigated in water buffalo population (n=100) in Khuzestan province, Southwest Iran by ELISA and nested PCR, targeting gp51 region in the <em>env</em>gene.<br /> <strong>RESULTS: </strong>In total, 52 samples were seropositive and represented the antibodies against BLV gp51 protein in ELISA test. Forty-seven out of 52 seropositive samples were confirmed by nested PCR.<br /> <strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>Such a high rate of BLV infection in water buffaloes is an alarming issue for both its eco- nomic impact due to the production losses and more importantly the epidemiological aspects in which the virus circulation among different host species will complicate the control and prevention strategies.<br /> <em> </em>
BLV,ELISA,Epidemiology,nested PCR,Water buffalo
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75337.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75337_903d824eed08d4740ac76827cf353d3d.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
1
2020
01
01
Endoscopic Finding of Gastric Ulcer in Rural Horse and Relation with Gasterophilus spp
45
52
EN
Fereydon
Rezazadeh
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
fereydon_vet@yahoo.com
Yashar
Gharehaghajlou
0000-0003-0280-4910
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
yasharqarehaghaj@gmail.com
10.22059/ijvm.2019.277457.1004975
<strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Gastric ulcer is one of the most common diseases in racehorses. Colic, weight loss and poor performance are some of the clinical signs. The second and third larval stages of the bot fly <em>Gasterophilus </em>spp live in the stomach of the horse. This parasite is often found in large numbers of horses in all of the countries.<br /> <strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>The aim of this study was assessment of gastric ulcer in the rural horse and relation with<br /> <em>Gasterophilus </em>spp.<br /> <strong>METHODS: </strong>In a cross-sectional study twenty rural horses were randomly selected for endoscopic finding for gastric ulcer. Gender, age, keeping situation, type of feed, history of colic, hair coat condition, deworming plan and presence of <em>Gasterophilus</em>sSpp. were recorded in a sheet. The horses were kept fasted for 12 hours before endoscopic examination by a VET3M OLYMPUS (Japan). Sedation was done by injection of Detomidine (Detomo Vet ® ceva-Spain) 0.1ml/100kg to look for presence of gastric ulcers with grading and <em>Gasterophilus </em>spp. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with 95% confidence interval and P <strong>RESULTS: </strong>Out of 20 horses, 13(65%) horses were mares and 7(35%) were males and Mean±2SE of age was 8.9±4. Endoscopic observation showed 9 (45%) of the horses suffered from gastric ulcer. All of the ulcers were in non-glandular part and near the margo plicatus. Overall, 4 (20%) head of the horses had <em>Gasterophilus </em>spp. and all of them were present in the horse with no deworming plan. Based on the results, there was no associ- ation between presence of <em>Gasterophilus </em>with occurrence of Gastric ulcer (P>0.05). Further study with high sample size is proposed.<br /> <strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>There was high frequency of gastric ulcer in non-glandular portion of stomach in rural horse and there was not any association between presence of <em>Gasterophilus </em>and gastric ulcer.<br />
Gasterophilus spp,gastric ulcer,gastroscopy,Horse
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75331.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75331_889fbda558aaec4e63da788d760ff815.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
1
2020
01
01
Virulence Determination of Three Iranian Isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis in Day-Old Layer Chicks
53
63
EN
Reza
Tavayef
Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
r_tavayef@hotmail.com
Seyed Mostafa
Peighambari
0000-0001-9166-1303
Department of Avian Diseases
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
Tehran, Iran
mpeigham@ut.ac.ir
Bahram
Shojadoost
Department of Avian Diseases
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
University of Tehran
Tehran, Iran
bshojae@ut.ac.ir
Omid
Dezfoulian
0000-0002-1162-9248
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
omidvete@yahoo.com
10.22059/ijvm.2019.284367.1005002
<strong>BACKGROUND: </strong><em>Salmonella </em>Enteritidis (SE) infection in poultry is one of the most important concerns in poultry. Virulence and pathogenicity of the SE isolates from Iran have not been well studied so far.<br /> <strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>In the present study, three <em>Salmonella </em>Enteritidis (SE) isolates were compared with a standard SE strain (PT21) for virulence in one-day-old layer chicks. All of the isolates were supposed to be virulent because of carrying a large-sized virulence plasmid.<br /> <strong>METHODS: </strong>Fifty day-old layer chicks (LSL strain) were divided into five groups of 10 chicks and raised in separate cages until 14 days of age. All three SE isolates were cultured in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth to reach a concentration of approximately 1010 CFU/ml. The challenged groups included three groups inoculated with three SE isolates (A20, S32, S34) and one group inoculated with SE PT21 as positive control. One group was raised as negative control without receiving any bacteria. Any mortality or morbidity observed in any group was recorded. Samples were taken from liver, jejunum and cecum at days 2, 4, 6, 9 and 14 days of age, cultured for SE isolation, colony counting and histopathological examinations.<br /> <strong>RESULTS: </strong>All challenged groups showed mild to severe diarrhea in all birds and some birds were listless especially in the first week. No signs were seen in the control group. Two mortalities occurred in challenged groups. <em>Salmonella </em>Enteritidis was detected in all samples until the end of experiment. The colony count showed less (100 to 1000 times less) SE in liver compared to that of cecal samples. Histopathological findings also were compatible with symptoms and bacteriological results.<br /> <strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>We concluded that all three SE isolates were able to colonize in the digestive system of layer chicks leading to mortality or at least lower performance compared to healthy chicks
Challenge,Chickens,Layer,Salmonella Enteritidis,virulence
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75338.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75338_41b5f91c97790af190804fcd62909751.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
1
2020
01
01
An Experimental Study of the Effects of Mesobuthus eupeus Scorpion Venom on Plasma Concentrations of Metabolic Hormones and Glucose in Rats
65
75
EN
Mohammad
Razi Jalali
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz,Iran
jalali_m@scu.ac.ir
Seyedeh Missagh
Jalali
0000-0003-0188-5974
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
mi.jalali@scu.ac.ir
Hedieh
Jafari
0000-0002-2236-7132
Department of Venomous Animals and Toxins, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Ahvaz, Iran
hedieh_jafari@yahoo.com
Mohammad
Babakhan
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
m.babakhan91@yahoo.com
10.22059/ijvm.2019.282716.1004993
<strong>BACKGROUND: </strong><em>Mesobuthus eupeus </em>is an indigenous scorpion species in Southwest Iran which is respon- sible for the majority of scorpion sting cases in Khuzestan province.<br /> <strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>The effects of <em>M. eupeus </em>venom were investigated on the chief metabolic hormones in rats.<br /> <strong>METHODS: </strong>A total of 45 Albino male rats were divided into 3 equal groups: group 1 (control): 0.5 ml normal saline was administered intraperitoneally (IP); group 2 and 3: <em>M. eupeus </em>venom was administered with a dose of 1 and 2 mg/kg IP, respectively. Sampling was performed at 8, 24, and 48 hours after venom/ saline injection.<br /> <strong>RESULTS: </strong>The levels of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were significantly lower in both venom receiving groups (groups 2 and 3) than in the control group, dose-dependently, at all sampling times. There was a significant decrease in insulin level in both intoxicated groups compared to the control group at all sampling times. Glucagon, cortisol and subsequently glucose concentrations were significantly increased in both groups receiving the venom (groups 2 and 3) compared to the control group at 8 and 24 hours following envenomation.<br /> <strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>The findings of this study indicate that <em>M. eupeus </em>venom can suppress the secretion of essential metabolic hormones including T3, T4, and insulin and stimulate the release of glucagon, and cor- tisol, leading to hyperglycemia.
Cortisol,endocrine system,insulin,Mesobuthus eupeus,Scorpion
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75333.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75333_df251b2a5da1fe00ce111d4f21a0e025.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
1
2020
01
01
Serum Biochemistry and Haematology of Iranian Red Sheep (Ovis orientalis gmelini) in Sorkhabad Protected Area, Zanjan, Iran: Comparison with Age and Sex
77
85
EN
Kaveh
Azimzadeh
Young Researcher and Elite Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
kn_az@yahoo.com
Ahad
Javadi
Veterinary Organization of Iran, Veterinary office of Zanjan Province, Zanjan, Iran
ahad_javadi@yahoo.com
10.22059/ijvm.2019.239317.1004840
<strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>Comprehensive studies in blood values t have been somewhat reported in wildlife animals but this study is the first one in Iranian red sheep.<br /> <strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>The present study was aimed to reveal alterations of some biochemical and hematological parameters in Iranian red sheep (<em>Ovis. Orientalis gmelini</em>) in the Zanjan province (Sorkhabad protected area), Iran.<br /> <strong>METHODS: </strong>Blood samples were obtained from 52 clinically and para-clinically healthy Iranian red sheep with different age (under 2 years, 31 sheep and over 2 years, 21 sheep) and sex (37 male and 15 female). Thereafter, some hematological parameters such as RBC, PCV, Hb, MCH, MCV, MCHC, WBC, Differen- tial leukocyte count along with biochemical parameters (T3, T4, glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, creatinine, urea, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, CK) were analyzed.<br /> <strong>RESULTS: </strong>The results indicated significant alterations (p<0.01) of T3, T4, phosphorous, magnesium, GGT and ALP in both sex and age groups, significant alterations in glucose and creatinine only in sex group and significant changes based on age in cholesterol, HDL and LDL. No significant changes were observed in the other parameters.<br /> <strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>In Iranian red sheep, some parameters of serum biochemistry indicate significant chang- es based on gender and age that should be considered in laboratory tests of animal health. Meanwhile, fur- ther research should be performed in this regard.<br />
Hematology,Ovis orientalis gmelini,Serum biochemistry
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75340.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75340_b0f7979466411bcf1590f98ab77cc900.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
1
2020
01
01
Survey on Serum Amyloid A and Haptoglobin Concentrations in Normal or Sensitive to Rumen Acidosis Holstein Dairy Cows
87
98
EN
Ahmad
Paidar Rood Moajeni
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
paidar.a2@ut.ac.ir
Samad
Lotfollahzadeh
0000-0002-6549-7922
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
samadlzadeh@ut.ac.ir
Gholamreza
Ghorbani
Department of Animal Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
ghorbani@cc.iut.ac.ir
Mohammad Reza
Mokhber Dezfouli
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
mokhberd4@ut.ac.ir
Mir Morteza
Moosavi
Produce Manager at Sharif Abad Dairy Farm ,Qazvin,,Iran
mirmortezamosavi@yahoo.com
10.22059/ijvm.2019.280140.1004982
<br /> <strong><span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-size: medium;">BACKGROUND: </span></span></strong><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" lang="JA">Diagnosis and prognosis of inflammatory conditions based on acute phase proteins (APPs) level in blood has been exploited for a long time in human medicine and their changes in SARA condition is considered in veterinary medicine. </span></span></span><br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" lang="JA">To evaluate the variations of serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp) as main acute phase proteins in cow with normal pH or cows that experienced rumen pH ≤5.8 during first days after parturition. </span></span></span><br /> METHODS:<br /> <span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" lang="JA">A total of 106 multiparous Holstein dairy cows were randomly selected after parturition in two different seasons of winter and summer 2017. Cows were divided into 2 groups as normal cows with pH >5.8 or rumen pH ≤5.8. Ruminal fluid samples were collected through stomach tube for rumen pH and blood samples were taken from the coccygeal vein of cows concurrently once per day at days 4, 11 and 18 post-partum. SAA and Hp were determined in blood samples. The PROC MIXED of SAS (2003) was used for all determined variables with repeated measures. BCS, parity and milk yield were included as fixed and cows as random effect. The significant level was declared at P≤0.05, and tendency toward significance was considered at 0.05<P≤0.10 by the Tukey test. Correlation between rumen pH and APPs were surveyed using PROC CORRELATION of SAS (2003). </span></span></span><br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" lang="JA">The results of experiment showed that rumen pH was lower (P<0.05) in summer samples than winter (6.33 vs. 6.46). Rumen pH was lower (P<0.0001) in cows composed by subjects with rumen pH ≤5.8 than pH >5.8. For all examined cows, SAA concentration was greater in winter than summer (P<0.001), as well as at day 4 than days 11 and 18 after calving (P<0.05).Also, Hp concentration was greater for winter samples than summer (P<0.05), and at day 18 than days 4 and 11 after calving (333.33 vs. 299.3 and 300.1 respectively) (P<0.05). SAA and Hp concentrations were not affected by rumen pH. There was no significant correlation between rumen pH and APPs concentrations in both groups of pH ≤5.8 and pH >5.8. </span></span></span><br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" lang="JA"><span style="color: #221e1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: medium;" lang="JA">Results showed that rumen pH ≤5.8 seems not to stimulate the APPs production </span></span></span>
Acute phase protein,Dairy Cows,haptoglobin,Rumen pH,Serum amyloid A
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75423.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75423_d71f73291ace072b2c7446178ad83580.pdf
University of Tehran
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
2251-8894
2252-0554
14
1
2020
01
01
Food Intake Regulation in Birds: the Role of Neurotransmitters and Hormones
99
115
EN
Mohammad
Shojaei
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
shojaei.mohamaddr@yahoo.com
Alireza
Yousefi
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
rezayousefi2005@gmail.com
Morteza
Zendehdel
9423 8252 0001 0000
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
zendedel@ut.ac.ir
Mina
Khodadadi
0000-0001-8543-2053
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
mk.minakh@gmail.com
10.22059/ijvm.2019.285059.1005006
BACKGROUND:<br /> <span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: medium;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: medium;" lang="JA">Neurotransmitters (NTS) are endogenous chemicals secreted from neural terminals into</span></span><br /> the synaptic cleft of the chemical neurons in order to affect their receptors. NTS play vital physiological role as<br /> stimulatory, inhibitory or modulatory compounds.<br /> OBJECTIVES:<br /> <span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: medium;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: medium;" lang="JA">This review was aimed to summarize the roles of the most important NTS which regulate</span></span><br /> food intake in the avian species.<br /> RESULTS:<br /> <span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: medium;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: medium;" lang="JA">Over 40 neurotransmitters are known as regulatory agents that control ingestion behavior in mammals</span></span><br /> and birds. Acetylcholine (Ach), epinephrine (EP), norepinephrine (NEP), histamine, gamma amino butyric<br /> acid (GABA), glycine, serotonin and glutamate have been identified as the mediatory agents about regulation<br /> of feeding behavior in birds. Based on the molecular weight and the type of efficacy, NTS have been<br /> categorized into the two main groups including “the small molecular weight fast-effective NTS and the large<br /> molecular wieght slow-effective neuropeptides. Various physiological functions have been presented for NTS<br /> and it seems many other unknown effects and even possible interactions among them are still questionable.<br /> Appetite control, mediatory role of ingestion behavior and regulation of food intake have recently been highlighted<br /> among various roles of NTS in chicken.<br /> CONCLUSIONS:<br /> <span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: medium;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: medium;" lang="JA">Food intake regulation is a complex physiologic process that is under the control of the</span></span><br /> central and environmental signals. Considering of the involvement of feeding behavior in other major physiological<br /> processes such as the growth, immunity and production, it is necessary to realize the role of different<br /> mediators which are affecting and modulating food intake in avian species.
appetite,Bird,food intake,Neurotransmitter,Nutritional behavior
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75430.html
https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_75430_de7343ea5668a3f9d17fa3fdfe581d65.pdf