University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2251-8894 16 1 2022 01 01 Indigestible Foreign Materials Impaction of Small Ruminants in Gombe State, Nigeria انباشتگی ناشی از اجسام خارجی در نشخوارکنندگان کوچک در منطقه گومبه نیجریه 1 14 83931 10.22059/ijvm.2021.297539.1005166 EN Jallailudeen Rabana Lawal Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria Zainab Bukola Yusuf Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiography, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria Muhammad Mustapha Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria Lawan Adamu Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria Journal Article 2021 05 23 BACKGROUND: The predisposition of ruminants to indigestible foreign materials is becoming a major global concern in livestock systems in developing countries making gastrointestinal tract impactions severe veterinary emergencies. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and types of indigestible foreign material impactions in small ruminants in Gombe state, Nigeria. METHODS: A total of 940 goats and 790 sheep were selected through a systematic random sampling technique and antemortem examinations were completed before slaughter at major abattoirs in Gombe state. The gender, age, and body condition score (BCS) of animals were recorded. Post-mortem examination of the rumen and reticulum was performed and foreign materials in the abdominal cavity were removed, identified, and recorded. RESULTS: Out of 1730 examined small ruminants, 1167 (67.46%) were found to have various types of indigestible foreign materials in their gastrointestinal tracts. The frequency was significantly (χ2=58.047, P<0.0001) higher in goats (38%) than sheep (23.7%). Prevalence rates of 13.6%, 12.9%, 12.1%, 11.8%, and 11.4% were recorded in Gombe, Yamaltu Deba, Akko, Funakaye, and Kwami Local Government Areas, respectively. Prevalence was found to be significantly (P<0.0001; χ2=732.87; OR=47.009) higher in adult (59.6%) than young (2.1%) cases, significantly (P<0.0001; χ2=637.61; OR=31.145) higher in females (42.5%) than males (19.2%), higher in goats (χ2=177.03, P<0.0001) and sheep (χ2=191.39, P<0.0001) with poor BCS than those with medium and good BCS. Significantly higher proportions of indigestible foreign materials were recovered in the rumen of goats and sheep, compared to the reticulum. Plastic was the most commonly encountered indigestible foreign material in goats and sheep, followed by seed/nuts, ropes, and clothes. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study revealed a prevalence of 67.46% for indigestible foreign materials in goats and sheep. Predisposing factors to indigestible foreign materials in ruminants in the study area included the lack of adequate plastic waste disposal system and management system, as well as the free grazing of livestock. Therefore, it was recommended that collaborative intervention schemes involving governmental agencies and livestock farmers be incorporated to increase public awareness about the proper disposal of domestic waste.

https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_83931_b0be621f7bf9f4088c0748f99ab96cb8.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2251-8894 16 1 2022 01 01 Evaluation of Maggot Therapy Effects on the Progression of Equine Sarcoid بررسی تاثیر لارودرمانی بر روند بیماری سارکوئید تکسمیان 16 25 82782 10.22059/ijvm.2021.315021.1005144 EN Masoud Ahmadnejad Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran 0000-0001-7227-9117 Mohammad Tolouei Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Seyed Hosein Jarolmasjed Department of Clinical Science, University of Tabriz, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz, Iran Javad Rafinejad Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 01 24 BACKGROUND: Skin is the largest organ of the body and is of particular importance in the beauty as well as economic value of the horse. Equine sarcoid disease (ESD) is the most common skin tumor in horses. So far, various methods have been used to treat equine sarcoidosis though no fully effective treatment has been proposed till now. Larval therapy has been used for the treatment of human diabetic ulcers as well as horse hoof lesions. Reports on the use of larval therapy to treat the complications of tumor lesions have been promising. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of larval therapy on equine sarcoid lesions. METHODS: In this study, 4 horses were diagnosed with equine sarcoid through the clinical examinations and pathological tests, and larval therapy was used to treat the sarcoid lesions. To place the larvae on the lesion, the method of implantation in an artificial nest was used. The number of larvae used per square centimeter was about 10 larvae. RESULTS: The result of treatment was satisfactory in 2 cases of horses and even in one case, the lesion was largely limited but the skin began to renew. By the way, in general no positive result was seen in the other two cases, which was probably due to the extent of the lesion and the instability of the larvae on it. CONCLUSIONS: According to the obtained results, it seems that larval therapy is effective for the treatment of sarcoid necrotic lesions, however more studies are needed.

https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82782_4e1e3f56191d2b7568f9f8fc91583322.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2251-8894 16 1 2022 01 01 Induction of Ovulation after Artificial Insemination in Rabbits: Intramuscular In-jection of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonist vs. Intravenous Administration of Mated Doe Serum القای تخمک گذاری پس از تلقیح مصنوعی در خرگوش: تزریق عضلانی آگونیست آزاد کننده هورمون گنادوتروپین (GnRH) در مقابل تجویز داخل وریدی سرم خرگوش ماده جفتگیری کرده 26 35 82845 10.22059/ijvm.2021.327380.1005186 EN Navid Dadashpour Davachi Department of Research, Breeding and Production of Laboratory Animals, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran Reza Masoudi Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. 0000-0002-1095-9392 Pawel M. Bartlewski Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph. Guelph, Ontario, Canada Bahareh Ahmadi Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph. Guelph, Ontario, Canada Massod Didarkhah Faculty of Agriculture Sarayan, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran Journal Article 2021 05 24 BACKGROUND: Rabbits are induced ovulators with the ovulatory process being triggered by neuro-hormonal impulses gen-erated during natural mating. When applying artificial insemination (AI), an array of biostimulation techniques and/or exogenous hormones, such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or its analogues must be used to induce ovulation. However, the effect of biostimulation techniques and exogenous hormones is not always satisfactory and the use of GnRH analogues is asso-ciated with high production costs. Therefore, the development of an alternative inexpensive, efficient, and safe treatment for ovulation induction in artificially inseminated does is urgently needed. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we examined and compared the effects of mated doe serum (MDS) and GnRH analogue (Gonadorelin) administered immediately after AI on the circulating concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and fertility in New Zealand does. METHODS: Forty artificially inseminated does were allocated to four equinumerous groups. The Control G, Treatment G, Control M, and Treatment M groups received 0.2 mL of saline intramuscular (IM), 0.8 μg of Gonadorelin dissolved in 0.2 mL of saline IM, 2.5 mL of mixed-sex normal rabbit serum intravenous (IV),and 2.5 mL of MDS/doe IV, respectively. RESULTS: A peak in systemic LH concentrations occurred earlier in Treatment M, compared to Treatment G does (71 vs. 107 min post-AI, respectively; P≤0.05). Mean LH concentrations did not vary (P≤0.05) from the pre-AI values in neither of the control groups. Serum LH concentrations remained higher (P≤0.05) in the Treatment M group, in comparison with Treatment G does during30-90 min post-AI. However, LH was higher (P≤0.05) in the Treatment G group than the Treatment M group 120 and 160 min post-AI. Gonadorelin and MDS injections both resulted in the same kindling rate of 80% at each of the four con-secutive AIs (initiated 30 days postpartum) and were significantly greater than that recorded in the control animals (20%). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that MDS administration is an effective treatment for inducing ovulation in rabbits with repeatability similar to that achieved with a GnRH analogue

https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82845_a34372862d3f4075b8c7eabd40b17e16.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2251-8894 16 1 2022 01 01 Anti-nociceptive Mechanisms of Testosterone in Unilateral Sciatic Nerve Ligated Male Rat اثرات ضددردی تستوسترون در انسداد یک طرفه عصب سیاتیک در موش صحرایی نر 36 45 82781 10.22059/ijvm.2021.314813.1005143 EN Sahar Rezaei Graduate student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Asghari Department of Clinical Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-5152-8807 Shahin Hassanpour Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Farnoosh Arfaei Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 03 15 BACKGROUND: Neuropathic pain is a chronic condition which is mediated by complex mechanisms exerted by the release of nerve neurotransmitter. A correlation exists between the sex hormones and neuropathic pain, however many aspects of this correlation still remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current study was to determine the anti-nociceptive activity of testosterone and its interaction with the opioidergic, GABAergic, and dopaminergic receptors in sciatic nerve-ligated male rats. METHODS: In this study, 170 adult male rats were randomly allocated into the 4 experimental groups following the sciatic nerve ligation. In the experimental group 1, the animals were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with saline, testosterone (10 and 15 mg/kg), and morphine (5 mg/kg), and 30 minutes later with formalin into the plantar surface of the right paw. In the experimental group 2, the animals were injected with saline, testosterone (15 mg/kg), nalox-one (2 mg/kg), and testosterone (15 mg/kg)+naloxone (2 mg/kg). In the groups 3 and 4, flumazenil (5 mg/kg) and yohimbine (2 mg/kg) were injected instead of naloxone. Then, the time spent for paw licking was monitored for the first and second phases after the formalin injection. RESULTS: According to the results, the injection of testosterone in a dose dependent manner decreased the time of licking and biting in the injected paw compared to the control group (P<0.05). Likewise, pretreatment with na-loxone or flumazenil significantly decreased the anti-nociceptive effect of testosterone (P<0.05). While pretreatment with yohimbine significantly increased the anti-nociceptive effect of testosterone (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested testosterone has an anti-nociceptive activity and this effect is mediated by the opioidergic, GABAergic, and dopaminergic receptors in the sciatic nerve-ligated male rat.

https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82781_b5689b25d9aaa8631cd45acc0b70f315.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2251-8894 16 1 2022 01 01 Greater Reproductive Performance in Holstein Dairy Cows with Moderate Length of Anogenital Distance at First Service Postpartum عملکرد تولیدمثلی بهتر گاوهای شیری هلشتاین با طول فاصله آنوجنیتال متوسط در تلقیح اول پس از زایش 46 56 82773 10.22059/ijvm.2020.309538.1005125 EN Mohammad Javad Mozaffari Makiabadi Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Vahid Akbarinejad Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Farid Heidari Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran Faramarz Gharagozlou Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Vojgani Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 05 17 BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated negative association of anogenital distance (AGD) with fertility in dairy cows; however, the mechanism of inverse relationship is not completely understood. In this regard, post-partum uterine infections and their corresponding risk factors could diminish fertility of cows, yet there has been no research exploring the relationship between AGD and postpartum disorders. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between AGD and postpartum reproduc-tive performance in dairy cows. METHODS: AGD of Holstein dairy cows of a commercial dairy herd (n = 290) was measured in millimeter at the first postpartum examination (days 28 to 32 postpartum). The cows were classified into three categories based on the AGD length, including short (20% of cows with lowest values), intermediate (60% of cows with moderate values) and long (20% of cows with highest values) AGDs. Additionally, data of postpartum reproductive variables were retrieved form the herd database. Data was analyzed using SAS software version 9.4. RESULTS: The rate of dystocia, twinning, retention of fetal membranes, puerperal metritis and clinical endome-tritis, calf birth weight, and days to first service did not differ among the various AGD categories (P>0.05). However, proportion of male offspring was lower in the short AGD cows than intermediate and long AGD cows (P<0.05). Furthermore, the first service conception rate was greater in the intermediate anogenital distance group than short and long anogenital distance groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the present study showed suboptimal first postpartum conception rate in the cows with minimal and maximal length of anogenital distance and indicated that this inferior fertility was not mediated through alteration in the rate of postpartum reproductive disorders

https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82773_df2b98ad9e7e2b928eadf081f15aa2bd.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2251-8894 16 1 2022 01 01 Real Time Detection of Different Variant Strains of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Trachea, Lung and Kidney of Infected Broiler Chickens تشخیص واریانت های ویروس برونشیت عفونی طیور در بافت های نای، ریه و کلیه طیور گوشتی مبتلا با روش افزوده سازی در زمان واقعی 57 63 82786 10.22059/ijvm.2021.321594.1005165 EN Mozafar Hajijafari Anaraki Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Nariman Sheikhi Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Hadi Haghbin Nazarpak Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran Gholamreza Nikbahkt Brujeni Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 03 04 BACKGROUND: Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has a great potential for genetic variability which leads to the generation of new virus strains. The changes in the IBV genome often cause alterations in virulence, tissue tropism, and viral replication in the host tissues. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to identify the virus variant strains in the trachea, lungs, and kidneys of infected birds. The possible relationship of IBV variants with the relative quantity of virus in each organ was also investigated. METHODS: The IBV variant strains were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Amongst infected commercial broiler flocks sampled at Golestan and Mazandaran provinces of Iran, nine flocks (three flocks per variant) were selected based on the identified variants. Trachea, lung, and kidney samples of five birds per flock were examined for the presence of the virus and variants. Moreover, the virus was quantified in target organs using real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Based on the results of PCR and sequencing, three IBV variants were selected, namely A, B, and C. Virus types A and B were detected in all target organs, while type C was detected in the trachea and kidney. Virus type C had the highest quantity of 17.02±5.22 and virus type A showed the lowest quantity of 5.68±2.4 in infected tissues. The relative quantity of virus detected in tissues significantly correlated with the IBV variant. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic polymorphism in IBV field strains was revealed to have significant correlations with viral quantity in the lung, trachea, and kidney. Our findings are an update of the current knowledge on the associa-tions between viral genotype, virulence, and pathogenicity.

https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82786_4d1a5327321aa8c6de06c64582638075.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2251-8894 16 1 2022 01 01 Echocardiographic Findings of Left Ventricle (LV-Study) in Cats Diagnosed with Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) مطالعه یافته های اکوکاردیوگرافی سمت چپ قلب (LV-Study) در شانت مادرزادی دهلیزی در گربه ها 64 71 84049 10.22059/ijvm.2021.325558.1005181 EN Sadaf Sadri Graduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Majid Masoudifard Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Dariush Shirani Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 07 27 BACKGROUND: The severity of congenital heart disease can range from trivial to life-threatening conditions, and clinical signs might have no specific manifestation prior to sudden death. Radiographic and echocardiographic examinations of all kittens early in their lives are advisable due to the difficulties of diagnosis based on physical examination alone. OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to evaluate echocardiographic and radiographic findings in a group of cats with atrial septal defect (ASD) and compare their LV-study with another group of cats with normal cardiac indices. METHODS: In the group of cats with ASD, medical records were reviewed for signalment, clinical findings, and echocardiographic data, as well as measurements in B-mode, M-mode, and color Doppler. In the normal heart group, all radiographic and echocardiographic findings were normal and echocardiographic data were compared with the same data in the group of cats with ASD. RESULTS: We found that the shunt direction in all cats with ASD was left-to-right. The mean left atrial (LA)/aortic diameter (Ao) and IVSd were the only two LV-study parameters that were significantly higher in the group of patients than the control group. However, other LV-study parameters showed non-significant differences between these two groups. The mean IVSs, EF%, and FS% in the patients were higher than the control group, while the mean LVIDs in the group of patients was lower than the control group and the mean LVIDd, LVPWd, and LVPWs were almost the same in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that despite the defect in the interatrial septum of the patients, most of their left ventricular echocardiographic parameters showed no significant differences with normal refer-ences.

https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_84049_d9985782f2e300f11bfb95b30736e008.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2251-8894 16 1 2022 01 01 Anatomical and Morphometric Study of Middle Ear Ossicles in Lori Sheep and Native Cattle of Shahrekord Region مطالعه آناتومی و مورفومتریک استخوانچه‌های گوش میانی در گوسفند لری و گاو بومی منطقه‌ی شهرکرد 72 80 82783 10.22059/ijvm.2021.317645.1005154 EN Rahmat Allah Fatahian Dehkordi Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran Amirhossein Torabi DVM Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. Mojgan Sadat Azimi DVM Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. Hanie Mohammadi DVM Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. Kazem Norozi Expert of Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran Journal Article 2021 04 06 BACKGROUND: The ossicles comprise three small bones (malleus, incus, and stapes) known as the smallest bones in the body that play an essential role in transmitting sound to the inner ear. OBJECTIVES: The study was conducted to compare the structure of the middle ear in native sheep and cattle. METHODS: To study the details of middle ear ossicles in Lori sheep (n=5) and native cattle (n=5), bio-anatomical parameters of the malleus, incus, and stapes ossicles were measured. Animals were male and adult. In this study, the ossicles were carefully described by the appropriate devices, and after separation, the ossicles were measured using a caliper and digital scales. Bio-anatomical changes were evaluated under magnification provided by stere-omicroscope. RESULTS: The cow's middle-ear ossicles differed from those of sheep in some details. The results revealed obvi-ous differences in length, width, and thickness of malleus, incus, and stapes in cows compared to sheep. However, further differences were observed in the malleus compared to the other two ossicles when the ossicles of the two species were evaluated. After examining the two studied species, the least difference was observed between the ossicles of the two animals in the stapes. CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, this study could compare middle ear ossicles between sheep and native cattle in the Shahrekord province. Anyway, it is conceivable that the biometric sizes of the middle ear ossicles may be af-fected by animal species

https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82783_abefe6a586902d14935a1eb204084161.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2251-8894 16 1 2022 01 01 Effect of Parenteral Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Several Doses During a Six-day Period on Total Antioxidant Capacity in Healthy Holstein Bulls تأثیر تزریق دزهای مختلف ویتامین D3 بر میزان ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی تام در گاوهای نر نژاد هلشتاین 81 88 82780 10.22059/ijvm.2021.314273.1005142 EN Morteza Kaywanloo Department of clinical sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran Mahmood Ahmadi Hamedani Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran Ashkan Jebeli Javan Department of Health Food Education, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. Hesamodin Emadi Chashmi Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran; Farzaneh Rakhshani Zabol Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan,Iran. Journal Article 2021 04 19 BACKGROUND: Vitamin D3 is one of the most important vitamins that can be used either as an injection or as an oral supplement, alone or in combination with other vitamins in cows. Vitamin D3 has known effects on calcium regulation and bone health, and also has several non-calcium effects, including improving immune function and therapeutic and preventive effects on many chronic diseases. OBJECTIVES: Many of these non-classical effects of vitamin D appear to be due to the effect of vitamin D on improving the body's antioxidant system. This positive effect on the antioxidant status can be due to the effect of vitamin D on the expression of many genes, including genes related to proteins involved in the antioxidant system such as Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase. METHODS: In the present study, 15 bulls were divided into 3 groups and by intramuscular injection of 3 doses of vitamin D3, their serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were calculated before injection and in two, four and six days after injection. The amounts of vitamins used in groups A, B and C were 3300000, 6600000 and 9900000 units, respectively. RESULTS: The results of the study showed that TAC levels increase in groups depending on the dose. Total anti-oxidant capacity levels will also increase in the following days. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, it can be concluded that TAC in cattle is time-dependent and dose-dependent, and regardless of the therapeutic dose of vitamin D3 the use of higher doses of vitamin D3 can improve the antioxidant status.

https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82780_40ff77d81f8033d9e32546a065c0809f.pdf

University of Tehran Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2251-8894 16 1 2022 01 01 Changes in Acidity Parameters and Probiotic Survival of the Kefir using Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus paracasei Complementary Probiotics during Cold Preservation تغییر شاخص های اسیدی و زنده مانی پروبیوتیک ها در کفیر تولید شده با پروبیوتیکهای کمکی لاکتوباسیلوس اسیدوفیلوس و لاکتوباسیلوس پاراکازئی در طول دوره نگهداری در سرما 89 98 82779 10.22059/ijvm.2020.313626.1005141 EN Hamid Pourbaba Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Amir Ali Anvar Department of Food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Rezvan Pourahmad Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran Hamed Ahari Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2021 04 22 BACKGROUND: Kefir is a fermented milk product containing some anticarcinogenic organic compounds with nutritional benefits, which made it one of the natural dairy beverages extensively consumed. OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of two selective probiotics on the values of acidic criteria and probiotic survival in the kefir produced in this study. METHODS: In the first step, the cow milk, preheated at 90oC for 5 min, was inoculated with the commercial starter and divided into two groups. They were complemented with L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. paracasei 431 and incu-bated at 30oC for 6 h. They were then preserved at refrigerated temperature up to 14 days and then sampling was carried out to evaluate the changes of values of organic acids (lactic acid and acetic acid), pH, titratable acidity and survival of probiotic complemented bacteria on the 1st, 7th, and 14th days. RESULTS: The pH values of L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. paracasei 431 were 4.34 and 4.36 at the beginning of the cold storage and reached 4.27 and 4.31 at day 14. The acidity of L. acidophilus LA-5-complemented kefir on the 1st day was 0.80 gr/100 gr higher than L. paracasei 431-complemented kefir which showed 0.72 gr/100 gr. Lactic acid was ranging from 1.57 to 2.40 gr/100 mL or 2.17 to 2.42 gr/100 mL (from the 1st to the 14th day) in the kefirs complemented with L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. paracasei 431, respectively. In the kefirs complemented with L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. paracasei 431, the acetic acid was stable (from 0.11 to 0.13 gr/100 mL) during 14 days but increased in the later (from 0.11 to 0.23 gr/100 mL) .The survival of both bacteria was higher than 7 logs CFU/gr in the kefir. CONCLUSIONS: Adding L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. paracacei 431 can moderate the acidity of the kefir and extend the survival of complementary probiotics at a standard level during two weeks of cold preservation.

https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_82779_0f70f5f8ab0b798a261caa6e97c2df42.pdf