University of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889416420221001Characteristics of Fractures of the Appendicular and Axial Skeletons in Rabbits and Hares: A Retrospective Studyویژگی های شکستگی های اسکلت آپاندیکولار و محوری در خرگوش:یک مطالعه گذشته نگر3383478764310.22059/ijvm.2022.336985.1005225ENCaroline Sotto Mayor PaduaRodriguesDepartment of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo, BrazilSheila CaneveseRahalDepartment of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S&amp;amp;atilde;o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu - S&amp;amp;atilde;o Paulo, Brazil0000-0002-9211-4093José Ivaldo SiqueiraSilva JúniorDepartment of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu - São Paulo, BrazilJeana PereiraSilvaDepartment of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu - São Paulo, BrazilMaria JaquelineMamprimDepartment of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu - São Paulo, BrazilJeniffer GabrielaFigueroaDepartment of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.Erick YujiTokashikiDepartment of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rubião Júnior s/n, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.AlessandraMelchertDepartment of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu - São Paulo, BrazilJournal Article20220311 <br /><strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The frequency and characteristics of fractures may vary according to the environment. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The present study aimed to assess the fractures of the appendicular and axial skeletons in rabbits (</span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Oryctolagus cuniculus</span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">) and hares (</span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Lepus sp.</span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">) presented at a veterinary teaching hospital. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>METHODS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Medical records and radiographs were retrospectively analyzed over eight years. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>RESULTS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Twenty-six pet rabbits and five free-ranging hares were enrolled in this study. Twenty-one of them had fractures in the appendicular skeleton, nine in the axial skeleton, and one in both. The fractures were related to traumatic events, such as being hit by a vehicle (22.58%), falling (12.9%), being attacked by another animal (12.9%), and having a paw stuck in a hole (3.22%); 48.38% had an unknown cause. Long bone fractures were found in the humerus (n=2), radius/ulna (n=1), femur (n=5), and tibia (n=12). Fractures involving the distal aspects of the limbs included the tarsus (n=1) and metatarsus (n=2) bones. Except for one rabbit, all of the others had unilateral fractures. Fourteen presented closed fractures, and nine were open fractures. All these fractures were complete, 56.52%% simple, and 43.47% multifragmental. The procedures used included osteosynthesis (42.85%), external coaptation (28.57%), amputation (14.28%), euthanasia (4.76%), and two animals died (9.52%). The fractures of the axial skeleton included the vertebral column (n=6), mandible (n=3), and pelvis (n=2). Five fractures were treated conservatively, and the rabbits were euthanized in four cases. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The fractures resulted from a traumatic episode, which had an unknown origin in most of the cases, involving mainly the appendicular skeleton, being the tibia the bone most affected. </span>https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_87643_3c134179ecfce63c9727dfb4caaaef0a.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889416420221001Diagnostic Workup in Relation to Odds of Clinico-Fecal Predictors in Adult Dairy Cattle and Buffalo with Chronic Diarrheaکار تشخیصی در رابطه با احتمال وجود عامل بالینی مدفوع در گاوهای شیری بالغ گاومیش مبتلا به اسهال مزمن3483558764410.22059/ijvm.2022.340527.1005257ENNuzhatHassanDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev
Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-Punjab, IndiaCharanjeet SinghRandhawaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev
Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-Punjab, IndiaDeeptiNarangDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev
Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana- Punjab, IndiaJournal Article20220317 <br /><strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Chronic diarrhea is one of the costly pathologic conditions affecting dairy animals owing to its significant impact on economic returns. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinico-fecal alterations associated with underlying disease entities or etiologies in adult dairy cattle and buffaloes with chronic diarrhea. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>METHODS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Hundred and two adult dairy cattle/buffaloes with a history of diarrhea (≥3- weeks duration) without any other complications were selected for the study. Quantification of parameters viz; frequency of feces, fecal consistency, abnormalities in feces, and secondary clinical signs such as changes in appetite or weight loss was estimated to assess the clinical severity associated with the chronic diarrheic condition. Etiologies identified were confirmed based on diagnostic techniques and laboratory tests (Fecal microscopy, culture using selective media, PCR, and copper estimation using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>RESULTS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Different etiologies identified indicate significant variation (</span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">P</span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><0.05), with </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Balantidium coli </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">infection diagnosed in 38 of 102 adult dairy animals (37.6%) with chronic diarrhea. The nature of diarrhea was established in dietary origin in 9.9% of animals. Salmonellosis infection was diagnosed in seven animals. Amphistomiasis was established in 7 (6.6 %) adult dairy animals. Johne's disease was diagnosed in 4 animals (3.9%). Chronic diarrhea due to copper deficiency was detected in 6.9 percent of animals. Relation between the fecal odor, fecal consistency, and fecal abnormality showed variation with respect to etiologies. However, out of these parameters, body condition score (BCS) had a significant effect concerning the etiology (</span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">P</span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><0.05) shown by the P-value on a log of odd scale. Body condition scores differ significantly (</span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">P</span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><0.05) among the etiological groups, with variations in scores ranging between 2 and 3.5 in affected animals. All the animals affected with clinical Johne's disease had the lowest body condition score of 2-2.5. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The findings of the present study highlight the need for a detailed and elaborative diagnostic workup to identify the underlying causes of the chronic diarrheic condition in bovines to stamp out the possibility of severe economic losses associated with the condition. </span>https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_87644_8f8590c8fd1cb4a3979e2597bf5b1d31.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889416420221001Pathological Changes of Fasciola Species Infection in Cattle Slaughtered in Ilorin Abattoir Kwara State, Nigeriaتغییرات پاتولوژیک ناشی از آلودگی با فاسیولا در گاوهای کشتار شده در کشتارگاه شهر ایلورین در استان کوارا ، نیجریه3563638920910.22059/ijvm.2022.342551.1005270ENMohammedAdamDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, NigeriaRidwan AdewaleBakareDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, NigeriaShola DavidOla-FadunsinDepartment of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria0000-0002-2265-2494Olatunde BabatundeAkanbiDepartment of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, NigeriaEsther SolomonKigirDepartment of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, NigeriaSanni AbdulBarkaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaJournal Article20220504 <br /><strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Fasciolosis is a parasitic disease of ruminants, and it is associated with liver damage, decreased meat and milk production, growth retardation, and even death. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This study aims to determine the hepatic lesions associated with fasciolosis and to document the histopathological findings seen in the livers of cattle naturally infected with </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Fasciola </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">species in Kwara State, Nige-ria. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>METHODS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Livers from 386 cattle were sampled at the place of slaughter for this study. Livers with lesions were subjected to gross and histopathological examinations. The univariate analysis (Chi-square) test was used to deter-mine the association between each risk factor and the presence or absence of </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Fasciola </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">species in livers. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>RESULTS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Of the 386 livers of cattle sampled, 90 had pathological lesions representing 23.31% (95% CI = 19.30 –27.73). Among the pathologic livers, hepatic enlargement was recorded as the most prevalent lesion (37.78%),while hepatic hemorrhage was the least prevalent lesion (6.67%). </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Fasciola </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">species was detected more in congestedlivers (14.81%), followed by fibrotic livers (10.00%). There were no </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Fasciola </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">species in other types of liver lesions. The difference in the prevalence of </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Fasciola </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">species among types of liver lesions was statistically significant(</span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">P</span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><0.01; Chi-square (</span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">χ</span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">2</span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">) value = 49.10; degree of freedom (df) = 5).</span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Fasciolosis is associated with hepatic congestion, and severe histopathologic lesions are seen in the livers of slaughtered cattle naturally infected with </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Fasciola </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">species in Kwara State, Nigeria. </span>https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_89209_09aa4d5581d99602695f5768b3b20eb4.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889416420221001Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Cattle Haemonchus Nematodes From Southeast of Iranمشخصات ریخت شناسی و مولکولی نماتودهای جنس همونکوس در گاوهای جنوب شرق ایران3643718743610.22059/ijvm.2021.318533.1005157ENMonaHosseiniGraduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran0000-0002-9036-0274ZahraSanjaraniGraduated from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran0000-0001-5555-0518RezaNabaviDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran0000-0002-2429-0239FariborzShariati SharifiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran0000-0003-4844-6645Seyedeh AidaDavariDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, IranHamidrezaShokraniDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University,Khoramabad,Iran0000-0001-5692-3718Journal Article20220216 <br /><strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Haemonchosis is one of the most important nematode infections in cattle population. Knowledge of genetic diversity and morphological analysis can provide a foundation for understanding the drug resistance, epidemiological features, and control strategies in a geographical area. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The aims of this study were to evaluate the morphological parameters and molecular targets (ITS1-ITS2 and Beta-tubulin) of cattle </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Haemonchus </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">nematodes from southeast of Iran and to find species diversity and benzimidazole resistance. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>METHODS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">From May 2016 to April 2017, 300 abomasa of cattle slaughtered at slaughterhouses of Zabol, Zahedan, and Iranshahr were inspected. Ninety-eight adults male </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Haemonchus </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">nematodes were morphologically analyzed. For molecular analysis, the amplification of ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 regions, and Beta-tubulin fragment was done. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>RESULTS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">All specimens were morphologically identified as </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. contortus</span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">. The ITS2 sequencing and the phylo-genetic tree revealed 99% similarity between </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H.contortus </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">from this study and those from other parts of the world. There was no mutation in the positions and all nematodes were benzimidazole susceptible. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Our results showed that although </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. placei </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">is the most common </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Haemonchus </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">species in the cattle around the world, </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">H. contortus </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">is mostly prevalent in southeast region of Iran. Moreover, it seems that the induction of benzimidazole resistance is less important in many parts of the world. </span>چکیده<br />زمینه مطالعه: همونکوزیز یکی از آلودگیهای مهم نماتودی در جمعیت گاوها محسوب میشود. برای فهم بهتر وضعیت مقاومت دارویی ، همه گیر شناسی و همچنین راهکارهای کنترل انگل در یک منطقه جغرافیایی، تشخیص صحیح گونه های موجود بر مبنای ژنتیک و ریخت شناسی ضروری به نظر میرسد.<br />هدف: هدف از انجام این مطالعه بررسی پارامترهای ریخت شناسی و همچنین اهداف مولکولی (ITS1, ITS2 و ژن بتاتوبولین) در نماتودهای جنس همونکوس جداشده از گاوهای جنوب شرق ایران، به منظور یافتن تنوع گونه ای و مقاومت بنزیمیدازولی میباشد.<br />روش کار: از اردیبهشت 1394 لغایت فروردین 1395، تعداد 300 شیردان از گاوهای کشتار شده در شهرستانهای زابل، زاهدان و ایرانشهر مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. 98 کرم بالغ همونکوس جدا شده، از نظر ریخت شناسی بررسی شدند. برای مطالعه مولکولی قطعه کلی ITS1 ، 5.8 S و ITS2 و همچنین قسمتی از ژن بتاتوبولین مورد تکثیر واقع شدند. تعداد 20 کرم برای تعیین توالی قطعات ITS و همچنین بتا توبولین انتخاب گردیدند.<br />نتایج: از نگاه ریخت شناسی تمامی نمونه های موجود همونکوس کونتورتوس تشخیص داده شدند. یافته های تعیین توالی مولکولی ITS2 و ترسیم درخت فیلوژنی، شباهت 99 درصد را بین نمونه های تحت بررسی و همونکوس کونتورتوس های سایر نقاط جهان نشان داد. تعیین توالی قطعه بتاتوبولین هیچگونه موتاسیونی را در کدونهای مرتبط نشان نداد و لذا تمامی نمونه های مورد بررسی حساس به بنزیمیدازولها تشخیص داده شدند.<br />نتیجه گیری نهایی: نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که اگرچه در سایر نقاط جهان شایعترین گونه همونکوس در جمعیت گاوها همونکوس پلاسه ای میباشد ولی در جنوب شرق ایران شایعترین گونه همونکوس کونتورتوس است. همچنین القا مقاومت بنزیمیدازولی در این انگل و در این نقطه از کشور از سایر نقاط جهان پایین تر است.<br />واژه های کلیدی: بنزیمیدازول، ریخت شناسی، گاو، مولکولی، همونکوسhttps://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_87436_81f3238baf7c19ff73bd4c2f06d8d583.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889416420221001Evaluation of the Diagnostic Value of Maternal Testosterone Concentration During Gestation for Determination of Fetal Gender in Horsesارزیابی ارزش تشخیصی غلظت تستوسترون مادری حین آبستنی برای تعیین جنسیت جنین در اسب3723798572010.22059/ijvm.2022.336095.1005220ENVahidAkbarinejadDepartment of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6979-2822FaramarzGharghozloDepartment of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranEmadeddinMobediDepartment of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranErfanGholamaliDepartment of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20211223 <br /><strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Ascertainment of fetal sex is important in the equine industry for economic reasons. As a result, various methods have been developed for the sex determination of a fetus in a horse; however, the current techniques have some limitations. Recently, evaluation of maternal testosterone concentration has been suggested as an easy and inexpensive method for diagnosing fetal sex, but the findings are discrepant in different species. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The aim of the present study was to measure the concentration of circulating testosterone in mares carrying male and female fetuses in order to assess the diagnostic value of maternal testosterone concentration for sex determination of equine fetus. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>METHODS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Blood samples were collected from mares (n=20) at months three, six, and nine of pregnancy. The samples were centrifuged and stored at -20°C until hormonal analysis of testosterone concentration using an ELIZA kit. The gender of foals was determined at birth based on observation of external genitalia. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>RESULTS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Neither testosterone concentration in the third, sixth and ninth months of pregnancy nor the cumulative concentration of testosterone differ between mares with male and female fetuses (</span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">P</span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">>0.05). However, testosterone concentration changed during pregnancy in all mares regardless of the gender of their fetus, and it was higher at month six than at months three and nine (</span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">P</span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><0.0001). </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In conclusion, the present study showed that maternal testosterone concentration could not be used for the sex determination of a fetus in a horse. Yet the current study revealed testosterone concentration dy-namics over various gestation stages in mares. </span>زمینه مطالعه: تعیین جنسیت جنین در صنعت اسب به دلایل اقتصادی از اهمیت برخوردار است. بنابراین، روش های مختلفی برای تعیین جنسیت جنین در اسب توسعه پیدا کرده است، ولی تکنیک های حاضر دارای محدودیت هایی هستند. اخیراً، ارزیابی غلظت تستوسترون مادری به عنوان روشی ساده و ارزان جهت تشخیص جنسیت جنین پیشنهاد شده است، اما یافته ها در گونه های مختلف متناقض هستند.<br />هدف: هدف مطالعه حاضر اندازه گیری غلظت تستوسترون گردش خون مادیان های آبستن با جنین های نر و ماده به منظور سنجش ارزش تشخیصی غلظت تستوسترون مادری برای تعیین جنسیت جنین اسب بود.<br />روش کار: نمونه های خون در ماه های سه، شش و نه آبستنی از مادیان ها (تعداد = 20) اخذ شد. نمونه ها سانتریفیوژ شده و تا زمان آنالیز هورمونی غلظت تستوسترون با استفاده از کیت الایزا در منفی 20 درجه سانتی گراد ذخیره شدند. جنسیت کره ها در زمان تولد و بر اساس مشاهده اندام تناسلی خارجی تعیین شد.<br />نتایج: غلظت تستوسترون در ماه های سوم، ششم و نهم آبستنی و نه غلظت تجمعی تستوسترون تفاوتی میان مادیان های دارای کره نر و ماده نداشت (05/0 < P). اما غلظت تستوسترون در طول آبستنی در تمامی مادیان ها فارق از جنسیت جنین آنها تغییر کرد و در ماه شش بالاتر از ماه های سه و نه بود (0001/0 > P).<br />نتیجهگیری: در نتیجه، مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که غلظت تستوسترون مادری نمی تواند برای تعیین جنسیت جنین در اسب استفاده شود. اما مطالعه حاضر مبین تغییرات غلظت تستوسترون در مقاطع مختلف آبستنی در مادیان بود.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_85720_ef644080ad28dbf57f70639c06c1e3bf.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889416420221001Protection of Calves Against Cryptosporidiosis by Hyperimmunization of Pregnant Cattle Colostrum using Oocyst Whole Antigensحفاظت از گوساله ها در برابر کریپتوسپوریدیوزیس با آغوز گاو آبستن ایمن شده با آنتی ژن های کامل اووسیست3803898733110.22059/ijvm.2022.339810.1005255ENMohamad RezaMokhber DezfouliDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranFaisalZarghamiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSadeghRahbariDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Of Tehran, Tehran, IranElaheEbrahimzadeh AbkoohDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.SamadLotfollahzadehDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6549-7922SirousSadeghian ChaleshtoriDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6852-077XParvizShayanDepartment of Parasitology, Iranian Research Center of Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran,0000-0002-4666-3235Journal Article20220228 <br /><strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></strong><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Cryptosporidium parvum </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">is a coccidian parasite with worldwide distribution. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">It is considered one of the most important causes of diarrhea in many vertebrate species and im-munocompromised humans. Due to the lack of effective treatment of cryptosporidiosis, protection strategy against this species can be focused on encouraging the immune system through vaccine development. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>METHODS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">For this aim, we prepared oocysts lysate as a whole antigen vaccine candidate (420 μg) </span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and immun-ized 3 pregnant cows 4 times every 2 weeks from 70 days to parturition. As a control group, 3 unimmunized pregnant cows were used. After parturition, each calf was fed with colostrum of his dam and challenged at 12h of age with 1×10</span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;">7</span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">C. parvum </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">oocysts. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>RESULTS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In contrast to the test group, the calves in the control group developed severe watery diarrhea with excretion of oocysts from 4 days post-infection. The calves in the test group, which received the hyperimmune colostrum, showed no clinical signs and a significant reduction in oocysts excretion. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The whole antigen prepared from oocysts of </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">C. parvum </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">can be considered a suitable candidate for immunizing pregnant cows producing hyperimmune colostrum. </span>حفاظت از گوساله ها در برابر کریپتوسپوریدیوزیس با آغوز گاو آبستن ایمن شده با آنتی ژن های کامل اووسیست<br />زمینه مطالعه: کریپتوسپوریدیوم پارووم یک انگل کوکسیدیایی با انتشار جهانی می باشد. این انگل به عنوان یکی از مهم ترین عوامل اسهال در اکثر مهره داران و انسان های دارای نقص ایمنی محسوب می شود. <br />هدف: با توجه به عدم درمان موثر کریپتوسپوریدیوزیس، استراتژی حفاظتی در برابر این انگل می تواند از طریق واکسینه کردن در حیوان مادر بر ضد انگل قبل از زایمان باشد.<br />روش کار: برای این منظور لیزات از اووسیست ها ی کریپتوسپوریدیوم پارووم به عنوان کاندید واکسن آنتی ژن کامل (420 میکروگرم) استفاده شد و 3 گاو آبستن را 70 روز مانده به زایمان 4 بار هر 2 هفته واکسینه شدند. به عنوان گروه شاهد از 3 گاو آبستن غیر ایمن شده استفاده شد. پس از زایمان، هر گوساله با آغوز مادر خود تغذیه شد و در 12 ساعت پس از تولد با 1 x 1o7 اووسیست آلوده گردید. <br />نتایج: برخلاف گروه آزمایش، گوسالههای گروه کنترل دچار اسهال شدید آبکی همراه با دفع اووسیست از 4 روز پس از عفونت شدند. گوساله های گروه آزمایش که آغوز هایپرایمنی دریافت کردند، نه تنها علائم بالینی نشان ندادند، بلکه کاهش قابل توجهی در دفع اووسیست داشتند. نتیجه گیری نهایی: آنتی ژن کامل تهیه شده از اووسیست های C. parvum را می توان به عنوان یک کاندید مناسب برای ایمن سازی گاوهای باردار تولید کننده آغوز هایپرایمن در نظر گرفت.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_87331_75b41c360f2160e004d532f4b2869854.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889416420221001Apoptotic Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester and Matricaria chamomilla Es-sential Oil on A549 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cellsاثرات آپوپتوتیک کافئیک اسید فنیل استر و عصاره بابونه شیرازی بر روی سلولهای سرطان ریه A5493903998563810.22059/ijvm.2022.335092.1005217ENRahamMojibiMycology research center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranHadisMorad JodakiMycology research center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJaleelMehrzadDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAlirezaKhosraviMycology research center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6777-5930AghilSharifzadehMycology research center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranDonyaNikaeinMycology research center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2333-3361Journal Article20220217 <br /><strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Cancer as a global problem is a major health threat to human, and lung cancer is the most com-mon type of malignant tumor. Phenethyl ester of caffeic acid is one of the known phenolic compounds. The beneficial effects of caffeic acid, including its anti-inflammatory, antiviral, immune-boosting, antioxidant and car-cinostatic and anticarcinogenic properties have been confirmed in several studies. </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Matricaria chamomile </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">that belongs to the </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Asteraceae </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">family is one of the most popular medicinal plants, which is known as the "star" of me-dicinal plants. It has been used for the centuries for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti-cancer properties. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The aim of this study was to evaluate the induction of apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells by caffeic acid obtained from propolis and chamomile extract. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>METHODS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The A549 cultured lung cancer cells were treated with caffeic acid and chamomile extract. Following incubation times the cells were examined by flow cytometry for the rate of apoptosis induction. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>RESULTS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The results showed that caffeic acid and chamomile extract have effective roles in inducing apoptosis and caused significant changes in the percentage of living cells and the percentage of cells in the early and late phases of apoptosis. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Caffeic acid and chamomile extract have effective role in inhibiting lung cancer cells with sig-nificant apoptotic effects on pulmonary epithelial cancer cells. </span>زمینه مطالعه: سرطان یک تهدید عمده برای سلامت انسان و یک مشکل جهانی است و سرطان ریه شایع ترین نوع تومور بدخیم است. فنتیل استر اسید کافئیک یکی از ترکیبات فنلی شناخته شده است. اثرات مفید اسید کافئیک ، از جمله ضد التهاب ، ضد ویروس ، تقویت کننده سیستم ایمنی ، آنتی اکسیدان و خواص مهار کننده سرطان و ضد سرطان در مطالعات متعددی تأیید شده است. بابونه شیرازی متعلق به خانواده Asteraceae است ، این گیاه یکی از محبوب ترین گیاهان دارویی است و به عنوان "ستاره" گیاهان دارویی شناخته می شود و به دلیل خواص ضد التهابی ، ضد میکروبی و ضد سرطانی قرن ها مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. <br />هدف: هدف از این مطالعه بررسی القای آپوپتوز در سلولهای سرطانی ریه توسط اسید کافئیک و عصاره بابونه بود.<br />روش کار: بدین منظور ، رده های سلولی کشت شده سرطان ریه (A549) با اسید کافئیک و عصاره بابونه تیمار شدند و سلول های تیمار شده پس از آماده سازی توسط فلوسیتومتری مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند.<br />نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که کافئیک اسید و عصاره بابونه نقش موثری در القای آپوپتوز دارند و تغییرات مشخصی در درصد سلول های زنده و درصد سلول های فاز اولیه و فاز تاخیری آپوپتوزیس ایجاد کرده اند<br />نتیجهگیری نهایی: مشخص گردید کهکافئیک اسید و بابونه دارای اثرات آپوپتوز قابل توجهی بر روی سلول های سرطانی اپیتلیال ریه هستند و نقش موثری در مهار سلول های سرطانی ریه دارند.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_85638_b6fd9d5a2e4e0dc68f31aec49dfa3963.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889416420221001Fabrication of Platelet-Rich Fibrin-Coated Polycaprolactone/Hydroxyapatite (PCL-HA/PRF) 3D Printed Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineeringساخت داربست های چاپ سه بعدی شده پلی کاپرولاکتون/هیدروکسی آپاتیت پوشش داده شده با فیبرین غنی از پلاکت برای مهندسی بافت استخوان4004138662210.22059/ijvm.2022.335899.1005219ENSinaYal BeiranvandDepartment of clinical sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.HosseinNouraniDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranHosseinKazemi MehrjerdiDepartment of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad, Iran0000000255936864Journal Article20211219 <br /><strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Tissue engineering is a potential technique for treating bone tissue abnormalities in the short and long terms. Aside from that, the use of 3D printing technology has considerable advantages in the production of bioengineering scaffolds for the treatment of patient-specific bone defects. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The aim of the study was to fabricate and characterize the 3D printed polycaprolactone/hydroxy-apatite (PCL-HA) scaffolds modified with Platelet-rich Fibrin (PRF). </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>METHODS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The scaffolds were fabricated using 3D printing technology to provide a suitable environment for the bone regeneration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and compression tests were utilized to characterize the scaffold morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties, respectively. The potentials for the cell adhesion, proliferation, biocompatibility, and differentiation were also investigated. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>RESULTS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The 3D PCL-HA scaffold with linked pores had a moderately rough surface as a result of hydroxyap-atite (HA) nanoparticles incorporation, which resulted in the increased mechanical properties. Increased bone cell proliferation on the PCL-HA/PRF scaffold surface was seen as a result of the enhanced hydrophilicity and porosity of the PCL-HA/PRF scaffold as compared to the PCL scaffold. The MTT assay results showed that the PCL-HA/PRF scaffold was much more cyto-compatible than the PCL and PCL-HA scaffolds, which was a major im-provement. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The results showed that 3D printed PCL-HA scaffold supplemented with Platelet-rich Fibrin (PRF) may be an effective scaffold for the bone tissue regeneration. </span>زمینه مطالعه: مهندسی بافت یک استراتژی امیدوارکننده برای ترمیم نقایص بافت استخوانی است. علاوه بر این، فناوری چاپ سه بعدی مزایای قابل توجهی در تولید داربستهای مهندسی زیستی برای درمان نقایص استخوانی منحصربفرد برای هر بیمار ارائه میدهد.<br />هدف: هدف از این مطالعه، سنتز و بررسی خواص داربستهای چاپ سه بعدی پلی کاپرولاکتون/هیدروکسی آپاتیت (PCL-HA) اصلاح شده با فیبرین غنی از پلاکت (PRF) است.<br />روش کار: داربستها با استفاده از فناوری چاپ سهبعدی برای ایجاد محیطی مناسب جهت بازسازی استخوان ساخته شدند. میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبش (SEM)، تبدیل فوریه فروسر (FT-IR)، و تستهای مکانیکی فشاری برای مشخص کردن مورفولوژی، ریزساختار و خواص مکانیکی داربست به کار گرفته شد. قابلیت چسبندگی سلولی، تکثیر، زیست سازگاری و تمایز نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.<br />نتایج: در نتیجه افزودن نانوذرات هیدروکسی آپاتیت (HA، داربستهای PCL-HA چاپ سهبعدی با منافذ به هم پیوسته سطح ناهموار و خواص مکانیکی بهبود یافته داشتند. به دلیل آب دوستی و تخلخل بالاتر داربست PCL-HA/PRF در مقایسه با داربس PCL، رشد سلولهای استخوانی در سطح داربست PCL-HA/PRF مشاهده شد. نتایج سنجش سمیت سلولی به طور قابلتوجهی سازگاری سلولی داربستهای PCL-HA/PRF را نسبت به داربستهای PCL و PCL-HA نشان داد.<br />نتیجهگیری نهایی: نتایج نشان میدهد که داربستهای چاپ سه بعدی PCL-HA اصلاح شده با فیبرین غنی از پلاکت (PRF) میتوانند در بازسازی بافت استخوانی مؤثر باشند.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_86622_154a9c8959720a33bfaf9116ecfa85d7.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889416420221001Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Mannheima haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Cattle Lung Samples from an Industrial Abattoir: A Study from Northeastern Iranفراوانی و الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی Mannheima haemolytica وPasteurella multocida جدا شده از نمونه های ریوی گاو: مطالعه ای از شمال شرق ایران4144228705210.22059/ijvm.2022.333838.1005209ENFatemehAshrafiDepartment of Microbiology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, IranAniaAhani AzariDepartment of Microbiology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran0000-0001-7025-6739LeilaFozouniDepartment of Biology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran0000-0002-2248-0354Journal Article20220110 <br /><strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is still one of the most important infectious diseases in dairy farms. </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Pasteurella multocida </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Mannheimia hemolytica </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">are the main bacterial pathogens of BRD. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">This study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of antibiotic resistance of </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">M. hemolytica </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">P. multocida </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">isolated from lung samples of cattle slaughtered in an industrial abattoir in Golestan province, northeastern Iran. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>METHODS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Samples were taken from diseased and normal-appearing lungs of cattle slaughtered in an industrial abattoir. The samples were processed bacteriologically for the isolation of both </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Pasteurellaceae </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">species. The isolates were identified by cultural and biochemical tests, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>RESULTS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">A total of 120 samples were collected. The bacteriological examination of the samples resulted in the isolation of 36 (30%) </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">M. hemolytica </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">P. multocida </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">strains. Of the isolates, 14 (11.6%) and 22 (18.3%) were positive for </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">P. multocida </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">and </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">M. hemolytica, </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">respectively. Clear difference was observed between the populations of </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">M. haemolytica </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">recovered from apparently healthy lung tissues versus pneumonia samples. All the isolates were susceptible to tulathromycin, and the highest resistance was observed to penicillin and erythromycin. Multiple drug resistance was observed in both </span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Pasteurellaceae </span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">species. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The results highlight the importance of continued surveillance of BRD pathogens in monitoring their antibiotic resistance patterns to update treatment protocols. Surveillance studies are also necessary to develop policies for limiting the spread of resistance. </span>زمینه مطالعه: بیماری تنفسی گاو (BRD) همچنان یکی از بیماریهای مهم در گاوداریها میباشد. Pasteurella multocida و Mannheimia haemolytica پاتوژنهای باکتریایی اصلی BRD هستند.<br />هدف: هدف از این مطالعه تعیین شیوع و الگوی مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی M. hemolytica و P. multocida جدا شده از نمونه های ریه گاوهای یک کشتارگاه صنعتی واقع در استان گلستان، شمال شرق ایران، بود.<br />روش کار: نمونههای ریه (شامل ریههای درگیر پنومونی و ظاهراً سالم) به طور تصادفی از گاوهای کشتار شده در یک کشتارگاه صنعتی جمعآوری شد. نمونه ها برای جداسازی هر دو گونه Pasteurellaceae از نظر باکتریولوژیکی پردازش شدند. جدایه ها با آزمایش های کشت و بیوشیمیایی و تکنیک واکنش زنجیره ای پلیمراز (PCR) شناسایی شدند. حساسیت ضد میکروبی جدایه ها با استفاده از روش انتشار دیسک کربی-بائر تعیین شد.<br />نتایج: در مجموع 120 نمونه جمع آوری شد. بررسی باکتریولوژیک بر روی نمونه ها منجر به جداسازی 36 (30%) سویه M. hemolytica و P. multocida شد. از بین جدایه ها، 14 (11.6%) و 22 (18.3%) P. multocida و M. hemolytica مثبت بودند. تفاوت واضحی بین جمعیت M. haemolytica که از بافتهای ظاهرا سالم ریه در مقابل نمونههای درگیر پنومونی بدست آمده بود مشاهده شد. تمامی جدایه ها به تولاترومایسین حساس بودند و بیشترین مقاومت به پنی سیلین و اریترومایسین مشاهده شد. MDR در هر دو گونه Pasteurellaceae مشاهده شد.<br />نتیجهگیری نهایی: نتایج بر اهمیت نظارت مستمر پاتوژنهای BRD برای نظارت بر الگوهای مقاومت آنتیبیوتیکی آنها برای بهروزرسانی پروتکلهای درمانی تأکید میکند. مطالعات نظارتی نیز برای بکارگیری اقداماتی برای محدود کردن گسترش مقاومت ضروری خواهد بود.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_87052_4cb2f422202b61bdcb2abbd8f43495c5.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889416420221001Effects of Quebracho Tannin Extract on Testicular Ischemia-/Reperfusionاثرات تجویز عصاره تانن کبراکو بر آسیب متعاقب ایسکمی/رپرفیوژن بیضه در موش صحرایی4234318586010.22059/ijvm.2022.333335.1005206ENZahraGhotbitabarFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAhmadAsghariDepartment of Clinical Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-5152-8807ShahinHassanpourDepartment of Physiology
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Science and Research Branch
Islamic Azad University-Tehran-Iran0000-0002-4417-1819AlirezaJahandideDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20211102 <br /><strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;">BACKGROUND: </span></strong><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the main pathophysiologic conditions of the testis. Although free radical scavenging properties of the tannins are approved, limited information exists on their antiox-idant activities. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of quebracho tannin extract (QTE) on testicular I/R injury in rats. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>METOD: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups (n=6). One group was kept as control. In I/R group, rats were subjected to 4 hours I/20 hours R, and the group was intraperitoneally (ip) injected with saline 1 hour before R. In groups 3-5, rats were subjected to 4 hours I/20 hours R, and ip injected with QTE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) 1 hour before R. At the end of the study, left testis was removed for histological analysis and antioxidant measurement. </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>RESULTS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">I/R resulted in degenerated seminiferous tubules and loss of spermatogenesis. Administration of QTE (200 and 400 mg/kg) to I/R rats showed many normal seminiferous tubules. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly increased in I/R rats (</span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">P</span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><0.05) while QTE decreased IR-induced MDA level (</span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">P</span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><0.05). Experimental I/R significantly decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities (</span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">P</span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><0.05). Ad-ministration of QTE significantly increased tissue SOD and GPx activities in I/R rats (</span><em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">P</span></em><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"><0.05). </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><br /><span style="color: #221f1f; font-size: small;"><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong></span><span style="color: #221f1f; font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: small;">These findings suggested treatment with QTE had a benefial effect against I/R. </span>زمینه مطالعه: آسیب ایسکمی/رپرفیوژن یکی از مهمترین شرایط پاتوفیزیولوژیک بیضه است. علیرغم اینکه خاصیت مهاری تاننها بر رادیکال های آزاد تأیید شده است، اطلاعات محدودی برای فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی آن وجود دارد. <br />هدف: هدف از این مطالعه درک اثر تجویز عصاره کبراکو تانن (QTE) بر آسیب ایسکمی/رپرفیوژن بیضه در موش صحرایی بود. <br />روش کار: سی موش صحرایی نر نژاد ویستار به طور تصادفی به 5 گروه آزمایش (6 نفر) تقسیم شدند. گروه به عنوان کنترل نگه داشته شد. موش های گروه ایسکمی/رپرفیوژن تحت دوره 4 ساعته ایسکمی و 20 ساعت رپرفیوژن قرار گرفتند و تزیق صفاقی سالین 1 ساعت قبل از رپرفیوژن انجام شد. در گروههای 3-5 سر موش تحت دوره 4 ساعته ایسکمی و 20 ساعت رپرفیوژن قرار گرفتند و تزریق صفاقی QTE (100، 200 و 400 میلی گرم/کیلوگرم) را 1 ساعت قبل از رپرفیوژن دریافت کردند. در پایان مطالعه، بیضه چپ برای تجزیه و تحلیل بافت شناسی و اندازه گیری آنتی اکسیدان برداشته شد. <br />نتایج: با توجه به نتایج ایسکمی/رپرفیوژن منجر به انحطاط لوله های منی و از بین رفتن اسپرماتوژنز شد. تجویز QTE(200 و 400 میلی گرم/کیلوگرم) به دنبال ایسکمی/رپرفیوژن تعداد زیادی لوله طبیعی منی برگ را نشان میدهد. ایسکمی/رپرفیوژن بطور معنیداری موجب افزایش سطح مالون دی آلدهید در بافت بیضه شد درحالی که تجویز QTEموجب کاهش مقادیر آن شد (P <0.05). ایسکمی/رپرفیوژن یه طور معنیداری فعالیت سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز را به کاهش داد(P <0.05). تجویز QTEموجب به طور قابل توجهی فعالیت دیسموتاز و گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز بیضه را در موشهای دچار ایسکمی/رپرفیوژن افزایش داد (P <0.05). <br />نتیجه گیری نهایی: این یافته ها نشان می دهد که درمان با QTE تأثیر مفیدی در برابر ایسکمی/رپرفیوژن دارد.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_85860_7d1103ee87775fb8022498553cb650e7.pdf