University of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889418420241001Pichia pastoris an Ideal Host for the Production of Recombinant Influenza Vaccines4654789719210.32598/ijvm.18.4.1005523ENAmirAsghari BaghkheiratiDepartment of Avian Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Mohammad HadiSekhavatiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.Seyed MostafaPeighambariDepartment of Avian Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.KiarashGhazviniDepartment of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.JamshidRazmyarDepartment of Avian Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20240217Pichia pastoris is a methylotrophic yeast with remarkable characteristics such as lacking endotoxin, producing high amounts of recombinant protein, performing post-translational modifications, and so on. Influenza A virus, a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family, is the cause of avian influenza. Three avian influenza virus subtypes, H5, H7 and H9, are commercially and physiologically significant in the poultry industry. Some researchers considered influenza to be the next pandemic disease. Nowadays, researchers have paid attention to producing novel and effective recombinant vaccines, especially in the poultry industry. Due to the advantages of P. pastoris yeast, it can be used as an ideal expression system for producing subunit vaccines. Although several studies have been conducted in this field, there is no comprehensive review of using P. pastoris to produce recombinant influenza vaccines. This review explains the different strains, phenotypes, and advantages of this yeast and then the production of recombinant influenza vaccines using this expression system is discussed in detail.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_97192_3316b12d7302d183457b19144394911a.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889418420241001Detection of Avian Metapneumovirus Subtypes A and B in Moroccan Broiler Farms4794889312110.32598/ijvm.18.4.1005404ENAmineMerniziLaboratorios HIPRA S.A., Amer, Spain.OumaimaKadiriAvian Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute of Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco.0009-0005-5567-7224Juan LuisCriado RiusLaboratorios HIPRA S.A., Amer, Spain.MohammedBouslikhaneMicrobiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute of Hassan II Rabat, Morocco.AbdeljelilGhramEpidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology Laboratory, Institute Pasteur of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.0000-0002-0758-039XMouahidMohamedMouahid’s Private Vet Clinic, Temara, Morocco.ElenaCatelliDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.SaâdiaNassikAvian Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute of Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco.Journal Article20230530<strong>Background</strong>: Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is a widespread infectious respiratory pathogen affecting turkeys and chickens, with co-predominance of the subtypes A and B. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: There is no official reports in Morocco about the subtypes of aMPV circulating. Hence, using quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) subtypes-specific A and B, we aimed at detecting and identifying the potential subtype(s) circulating. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: We conducted a longitudinal study on three broiler flocks that were strictly not vaccinated against aMPV and were located in two different geographical regions. We studied two flocks that expressed typical swollen head syndrome (SHS) and sampled them once. Furthermore, we sampled dead birds of one flock confirmed seropositive from a previous study. A total of 118 swabs pooled in 24 samples were subjected to RNA extraction and amplified using a triplex RT-PCR for specific detection of aMPV subtypes A and B. Additionally, serum samples were taken at slaughtering age to cross-check the molecular results. A total of 84 sera were analyzed with a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to detect and titer antibodies against the two subtypes.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Avian metapneumovirus was detected by qRT-PCR in all flocks. About 87.50% of the samples were positive for aMPV-B, and 16.67% for aMPV-A and aMPV-B simultaneously. All flocks showed seropositivity, confirming the molecular findings.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The present investigation is the first molecular study in Morocco to elucidate the circulation of aMPV-A and aMPV-B in broiler farms in Morocco with a dominance of aMPV-B and the possibility of co-presence of both subtypes.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_93121_2cd1b3ac5d7c9f96325df040e1f43c16.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889418420241001The Role of Fabricated Coral Shell Powder in the Healing of Mandibular Bone Gap in Dogs4895009340910.32598/ijvm.18.4.1005417ENAliGhazi AtiyahDepartment of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq.LaythMahmoud AlkattanDepartment of Surgery and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.Journal Article20230705<strong>Background</strong>: The reconstruction of mandibular bone defects poses a real challenge and difficulty for surgeons; biomaterial bone substitutes are the most used material for reconstructing mandibular bone defects. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study explored the role of fabricated hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder from the coral shell in healing critical size mandible gaps in dogs. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: HAp was prepared using the hydrothermal method from coral shells. Characterization of the fabricated coral shell was done by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The designed research was performed on 18 dogs of both sexes (mean weight: 20±0.5 kg, mean age: 2±0.6 years). The samples were divided into two equal groups. Animals underwent experimental defects at the ventral surface of the lower mandible about 14.5 mm. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The results of XRD represented high crystallinity, the EDX results indicated the surface morphology of distributed particles of calcium, phosphorous, carbon, and oxygen, respectively, and the FESEM results suggested that the surface morphology of HAp appears as a spherical particle that regularly distributed within the sample. In the HAp group, at 30 days, the FESEM images show that the defective gap completely closed, and the center of the defect was filled with a thick layer of osteoid matrix. Radiographically, the HAp group at 30 days post-surgery indicated a well-defined circular radiolucent bone gap at the caudal portion of the mandible, with a partially sclerosed margin. Macroscopically, at 30 days, the gap appears very small and is invaded by new bone formation. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: In conclusion, recycling HAp from coral shells has practical value in the reconstitution of the mandibular gap, and the radiological and critical properties of prepared HAp emphasize this outcome. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_93409_7120bb7ca61478993628a60222d85cd5.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889418420241001The Effect of Some Nano Plant Extract on Bacteria Producing Biogenic Amines Isolated From Minced Meat5015169506310.32598/ijvm.18.4.1005428ENAmany OmarSelimDepartment of Bacteriology, Benha Provincial Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institue, Cairo, Egypt.Marwa MagdyAbdel SalamDepartment of Food Hygiene, Benha Provincial Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.Rasha NagiubAbdallah HassanDepartment of Food Hygiene, Benha Provincial Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.Gehan ElsaeidMustafaDepartment of Biochemistry, Benha Provincial Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.0009-0007-7197-221XZeinabAbdelrahman MahdyDepartment of Bacteriology, Benha Provincial Laboratory, Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institue, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20230730<strong>Background</strong>: Biogenic amines are the end products of bacterial decarboxylation of amino acids which occur as a result of bacterial contamination. Those may cause a series of problems for human health such as allergic reactions, itching, breathing difficulties, fever and hypertension.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to isolate different bacteria that can produce decarboxylase enzymes and trail to control it by using garlic, onion and ginger nano-emulsions. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Isolation and identification of some bacteria producing decarboxylase enzymes from minced meat, preparation of garlic, ginger and onion nano-emulsions (60%) and investigating their cytotoxicity by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Then, the antibacterial effect of the prepared nano-emulsions against the isolated bacteria was explored by determination of their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and measuring biogenic amines levels by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The most common bacteria isolated from samples were Salmonella species “Salmonella Typhimurium1, 4{5},12: i: 1.2 and Salmonella arizonae”, Escherichia coli “serotype O44: K74 and O125: K70”, Klebseilla pneumonia, Enterobacter spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophilia, Proteus mirabilis, Pasteurella multocida and Lactobacillus species. The biogenic amines detected on positive samples were putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, putrescine, B-phenyl ethyl amine, histamine and tyramine. The sizes of the ginger oil nanoemulsion 60%, garlic oil nanoemulsion 60% and onion oil nanoemulsion 60% were (222.6±2.22 nm, 420.7±36.95 nm and 202.9±2.1 nm) respectively, indicating that they were safe and stable. The antibacterial effect of the used nano emulsions showed that Salmonella spp, E. coli and S. aureus were the most sensitive strains while K. pneumonia and Enterobacter spp. were the most resistant ones. The level of the detected biogenic amines were reduced greatly after addition the oil nanoemulsions 7.5% to examined samples.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Using of plant extract as ginger, garlic and onion nanoemulsions oils as antibacterial agents and for reduction of biogenic amines was more effective.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_95063_8fc1c3f4e0d13c086b9d84d579218167.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889418420241001Seroprevalence of Theileria ovis in Goats from M’Sila Region, Central Algeria5175249435810.32598/ijvm.18.4.1005437ENReghaissiaNassibaDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, University of Souk Ahras, Souk Ahras, Algeria.LaadjalSoumiaDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, Higher National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria.GhalmiFaridaDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, Higher National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria.SamariHoussemDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohamed Boudiaf, M’Sila, Algeria.DahmaneAbdeldjalilDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, Higher National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria.HafsiFellaDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, Higher National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria.CantekinZaferDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.LaatamnaAbdElkarimDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Djelfa, Djelfa, Algeria.0000-0003-0406-7467Journal Article20230903<strong>Background</strong>: In Algeria, data on the epidemiology of theileriosis in small ruminants are limited. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: The current study investigates the seroprevalence of Theileria spp. in goats from the M’Sila region, Central Algeria. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Blood samples of 128 goats from 19 farms were collected from the locality of Maâdid. The indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was performed to test the goats’ sera for antibodies against Theileria ovis and Theileria lestoquardi. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: Out of 128 tested samples, 21 sera (16.40%) were positive for T. ovis antibodies. All samples were seronegative for T. lestoquardi. The seroprevalence of T. ovis varied from 10% to 30% on farms. The seropositivity rates did not differ significantly with age, sex, or breeding system of goats. Tick-infested goats were significantly more seropositive than no-infested goats. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The present study reports essential data on the epidemiology of caprine theileriosis from Central Algeria.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_94358_c31737329ec29f37505481e112bdcf6e.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889418420241001The Effectiveness of May Grunwald Giemsa Staining on Tissues Fixed With Date Molasses5255349871510.32598/ijvm.18.4.1005514ENHaticeYaren KuloğluDepartment of Histoloy and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey.Journal Article20240213<strong>Background</strong>: Formaldehyde is a reactive chemical that bonds randomly with various cellular elements. This substance, which is also found in the natural structure of the organism, is used in many areas, from industry to household materials, from the production of coatings in dentistry to the fixation of cadavers in laboratories. Formaldehyde is commonly used in laboratories to fix tissues. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: In this study, the staining properties of tissues fixed with date molasses, a natural sugar, using the May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG) staining method were compared with the staining properties of tissues fixed with buffered formol-saline.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Liver, spleen, kidney, skin, testicle, small intestine, large intestine, brain, cerebellum, and lung tissue samples of 4 rats of both genders were used as materials in the study. Each tissue underwent routine histological tissue tracing and was stained with MGG.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: When all tissues were evaluated anatomically, the general morphology of the tissues showed that the tissue integrity was preserved. There was no color change in the tissues. In addition, tissue hardness was at the required level, supporting previous studies. Histologically, regarding chromatin distribution, nucleus separation and cytoplasm staining, tissues fixed with date molasses and tissues fixed with buffered formal saline showed similar properties, except for the tissues subjected to intense maceration (skin and small intestines). Pale staining was observed in some tissues fixed with buffered formal saline (liver, skin, heart), but the nucleus and cytoplasm structures were better distinguished at higher magnifications. Considering the chromatin distribution, nuclear separation and cytoplasm staining in other tissues (spleen, kidney, testicle, large intestine, brain, cerebellum and lung), tissues fixed with date molasses showed similar properties to tissues fixed with buffered formal-saline.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: We recommend that researchers interested in the subject prolong the fixation period (6 months) and compare these results with those of tissues fixed for 24 hours.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_98715_d310c3580b994f6eb01e5d1e57d01e31.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889418420241001Investigating Specific Calprotectin and Immunological Markers Associated With Intestinal Infections Caused by Entamoeba histolytica5355449743610.32598/ijvm.18.4.1005546ENHamssa MMustafaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Shatra Technical College , Southern Technical University, Shatra, Thi-Qar, IraqAnasAbdullah HamadBranch of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Fallujah, Fallujah, Iraq.Osama A.MohseinDepartment of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Mazaya University College, Nasiriyah, Iraq.0000-0002-2011-3737Journal Article20240402<strong>Background</strong>: Entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic organism that infects the intestines and causes dysentery, characterized by intestine inflammation.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: We aimed to estimate calprotectin levels and their relationship to the severity and progression of intestinal inflammation.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Al-Habbobi Teaching Hospital Thi-Qar, Al-Nasseriah, Iraq, from March 10 to October 1, 2023. The sample included 50 men and 50 women aged in three groups: 25–29, 30-34, and >34 years. We employed microscopy, direct wet method, and formal-ether concentration approach to detect parasites. Also, we employed nzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring fecal calprotectin (FC) and C-reactive protein (CRP), and XP-Sysmex for detecting white blood cells. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The calprotectin levels below 50 ng/mL were more common in the second age group. The third age group had calprotectin values of 50 ng/mL. In the first age group (25–29 years old), calprotectin frequency was similar. CRP levels were equal in the first age group. In the second age group (30–34 years), negative CRP outnumbered positive CRP. Positive CRP was more common than negative in the third age group of >34 years. The group above 35 had the highest general stool examination (GSE) and antigen Ag detection rates, while those aged 30–34 years in the control group had the highest.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Calprotectin levels less than 50 ng/mL were more frequent in the age group of 30-34 years, while calprotectin levels greater than 50 ng/mL were more frequent in the age group <35 years. CRP levels were equal in frequency in the first age group. Negative CRP was more common than positive CRP in the second age group. Positive CRP was more common than negative CRP in the third age group. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_97436_42b3b9588315dae3d723e1a81c4779bf.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889418420241001A Histopathological Study on the Changes in the Central Nervous System of Dead Cats With Neurological Symptoms5455549489910.32598/ijvm.18.4.1005436ENShahbRamezanpour EshkevariDepartment of Veterinay Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran,
Tehran, Iran.FarhangSasaniDepartment of Veterinay Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran,
Tehran, Iran.SaraShokrpoorDepartment of Veterinay Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran,
Tehran, Iran.Seyed HosseinMardjanmehrDepartment of Veterinay Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran,
Tehran, Iran.HesameddinAkbareinDepartment of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University
of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.IradjAshrafiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20230828<strong>Background</strong>: Neurological conditions constitute approximately 10% of feline cases referred to veterinary clinics. Such cases often present manifestations of central nervous system (CNS) damage, including inflammatory lesions, neoplastic growth and structural and cellular transformations.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed at identifying histopathological changes in the CNS of cats that had succumbed to neurological symptoms.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Microscopic evaluation of different sections within the CNS was conducted on 20 cats that had either died naturally or were euthanized due to neurological signs. After performing a necropsy, we examined the CNS tissues and conducted PCR testing to screen for possible viral infections, including feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV).<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The majority of cases showed characteristic histopathologic lesions, notably mononuclear and suppurative meningoencephalitis, perivascular cuffing, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), granulomatous meningoencephalitis, acute neuronal necrosis, liquefactive necrosis, epididymitis, thrombosis and demyelination. Among the 20 cats studied, 12 tested positive for FIP by PCR analysis, while 5 cats exhibited positive results for FIV. Also, FeLV PCR tests displayed positive results in 4 cats. No evidence of feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) was observed.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This study is the first of its kind conducted in Iran. Based on the results, the most prevalent viral agents infecting cats’ CNS were FIP, FIV and FeLV. The investigation revealed no evidence of FSE in cats with neurological signs. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_94899_41931ca5966a4e3b2d8426b5950fecb9.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889418420241001Effects of the Slow-release Curcumin-loaded Selenium Nanoparticles on Experimental Peritonitis5555669348410.32598/ijvm.18.4.1005414ENJahangirKaboutariDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.MaryamGhorbaniDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.0009-0009-6039-0163BehnazKarimiDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.MoosaJavdaiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.PegahKhosraviyanMedicinal Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.Journal Article20230711<strong>Background</strong>: New pharmaceutical forms of natural compounds such as curcumin can be an effective intervention to control peritonitis and abdominal adhesion. <br />Objectives: This study investigates the effects of slow-release curcumin-loaded selenium nanoparticles (Cur@S.N) on some inflammatory biomarkers in experimental peritonitis.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: After synthesizing selenium nanoparticles (S.N) and (Cur@S.N), experimental peritonitis was surgically induced in 80 adult male rats. The control group received no treatment, whereas the other groups received single intraperitoneal doses of 0.25 mg/kg S.N, 50 mg/kg curcumin, and 0.25+50 mg/kg (Cur@S.N). Blood malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) were measured on days 3, 7 and 14, and also intra-abdominal adhesion assessment was done.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: On day 3, NO levels in all treatment groups significantly decreased (P>0.05), while the lowest level was seen on day 14 in the S.N group (P˂0.05). MDA was significantly lower in the S.N and Cur@S.N groups than in the control on days 3, 7 and 14 (P˂0.05). TNF-α levels in S.N and Cur@S.N groups were significantly lower than in the control group on day 3 (P≤0.05). Meanwhile, the S.N group had the lowest level on day 14. IL-6 significantly decreased on days 3 and 7 in the Cur@S.N and curcumin groups compared to the control group (P˂0.05).<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Cur@S.N group possesses significant anti-inflammatory efficacy by reducing MDA, NO, IL-6 and TNF-α, decreasing peritonitis and intra-abdominal adhesion.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_93484_e2798764dbf3780a743e96472bf2370e.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889418420241001Molecular Survey of Microsporidia, Blastocystis, Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Pet Avian Species in Tehran, Iran5675789451310.32598/ijvm.18.4.1005439ENSomayehChamanaraDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.FatemehArabkhazaeliDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.HamedMirjalaliFoodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Sayed AhmadMadaniDepartment of Animal and Poultry Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.MohammadrezaHaddadmarandiCentral Veterinary Laboratory, Tehran, Iran.Seyed Mohammad MahdiHashemianCentral Veterinary Laboratory, Tehran, Iran.NargesAmininiaDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20230830<strong>Background</strong>: Opportunistic microorganisms of the intestinal tract, such as Cryptosporidium spp. Giardia spp. Blastocystis sp. and microsporidia, are increasingly responsible for clinical disorders in various host species, including humans. <br />Objectives: This study was conducted to search for the above parasites in the feces of pet birds using parasitological and molecular methods in Tehran City, Iran.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: In the current study, fecal samples of avian birds were collected and investigated with modified Ziehl-Neelsen, modified trichrome, and trichrome staining for the presence of microsporidia, Cryptosporidium, Blastocystis and Giardia. All the samples were examined molecularly with specific primers and PCR methods.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Three of the examined droppings contained Encephalitozoon hellem genotype 1B (2%) by PCR and sequencing. The microsporidian organisms were recovered from the droppings of a clinically normal green-cheek parakeet, an African gray parrot, and a lovebird. Other parasites that were examined were not found in the analyzed samples.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The current study proved that captive pet birds are a possible source of microsporidian infection. Besides the fact that encephalitozoonosis is predominantly subclinical in birds, the highly resistant nature of the microsporidia spores can put the owners at increased risk of disease acquisition via spore inhalation or ingestion. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_94513_9f940ca6cb8c607cefb5e10c07d3a487.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889418420241001Detecting and Identifying Wolbachia pipientis in Occult Dirofilariasis Using a High-resolution Melting Real-time PCR in Stray Dogs5795889512410.32598/ijvm.18.4.1005415ENFatemeManshoriDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.FatemahJalousianparasitologySeyed HosseinHosseiniDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.ParvizShayanDepartmaent of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran,
IranMinooSoltaniRastegar Reference Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20230713<strong>Background</strong>: Iran is one of the endemic areas of Dirofilaria immitis. The modified Knott test is the common diagnostic test based on detecting and identifying microfilaria in blood samples. Still, the results may be compromised by D. immitis occult infection (D. immitis infection without microfilariae). Wolbachia pipientis in a dog’s blood is an endosymbiont of D. immitis and an indicator of dirofilariasis. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to investigate the occult infection of D. immitis in stray dogs in Guilan, Qazvin, and Mazandaran provinces, Iran, based on W. pipientis DNA tracking.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Blood samples (n=138) were collected, and the presence of W. pipientis was evaluated by amplifying a partial sequence of the FtsZ gene (267 bp). <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The results showed that 17.4% of the samples were positive by the modified Knott method, while 47.8% were positive by the molecular methods. The results of high-resolution melting (HRM) real-time PCR showed that the melting temperature of cox1 gene amplicons of D. immitis and Acanthocheilonema reconditum were obtained at 76.67±0.03 °C and 81.38±0.05 °C, respectively as well as it was achieved 80.30±0.04 °C for FtsZ gene of W. pipientis. The results of the present study showed that it is necessary to use molecular methods to diagnose dirofilariasis occult infection accurately.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The HRM real-time PCR analysis is a simple post-PCR step that exploits the thermal characteristics of the amplicons to detect the occult infection of dirofilariasis based on W. pipientis DNA tracking and identification.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_95124_6a370775c065049ff7dab14410db29a6.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889418420241001Garlic Powder Supplementary Diet Prevents Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome by Reducing Apoptosis in Broiler Chickens5895989871710.32598/ijvm.18.4.1005496ENHamedZareiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.AmirTajikDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran.Journal Article20231224<strong>Background</strong>: Pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) is a metabolic disorder presenting with cardiopulmonary symptoms. However, garlic powder (GP) is used to treat many diseases, such as heart and lung diseases. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study investigated the effects of GP supplementary diet on apoptosis and right ventricle hypertrophy in broiler chickens with PHS. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Ninety meat-type chickens were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, PHS and PHS+GP. The PHS was induced by triiodothyronine (T3) in broiler chickens, and GP was added to the ration after week 1 of rearing (PHS+GP). Then, lung and ventricle tissues were collected at 21 and 49 days of age. PHS was calculated at 21 and 49 days based on the ratio of the right ventricle to the total ventricles (RV/TV) weight index. Gene expression of caspase1 (CASP1) and caspase1 (CASP2) were evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in the lungs and right heart ventricles. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The findings showed that right ventricular hypertrophy increased at day 49 in the PHS group compared to sham (P<0.001), while garlic consumption decreased this ratio to the control level (P<0.05). Also, the expression of CASP1 and CASP2 in the lungs elevated on day 49 (P<0.001), and the GP diet prevented this increase (P<0.05). Moreover, in the right ventricle tissue, PHS affected CASP1 on days 21 and 49, although the expression of CASP2 significantly increased just at day 49 in the PHS group (P<0.001). This increase in both times was weakened by garlic consumption (P<0.05). <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Consuming garlic as a dietary supplement could prevent PHS by influencing apoptosis in the lung and heart of broilers.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_98717_c02a81d61de3ed0141ec02541bb506d8.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889418420241001Impact of Management and Nutrition on HSP70 Gene Expression in Heat-stressed Dairy Cows5996129568610.32598/ijvm.18.4.1005388ENPouryaMolaee BernetiDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Rearing and Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.AliMahdaviDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Rearing and Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.YadollahChashnidelDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.Mohammad HasanYousefiDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.RezaNarenji SaniDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.AyoubFarhadiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.Journal Article20231109<strong>Background</strong>: This research investigated the effects of management and nutrition strategies on dairy cows under heat stress.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: We aimed to evaluate the effects of zinc mineral supplementation and mist spray, alone and in combination, on yield, milk production and composition, blood parameters and HSP70 gene expression in dairy cows.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Sixteen Holstein lactating cows were used for our experiment in four treatment groups: Basal diet without heat stress alleviation methods (control), zinc supplementation in diet, basal diet and application of mist spray method and supplementation of zinc in basal diet with mist spray. We measured milk production and composition, blood parameters and HSP70 gene expression in all cows.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The results showed that the cows in the mist and zinc+mist treatments had significantly better performance and temperature-humidity index than the control group. The milk yield and its compounds were significantly affected by experimental treatments, with the best results seen in the treatment with both spray and zinc. The cows exposed to dry and lactation periods showed a significant increase in the concentration of blood biochemical factors and antioxidant indices in response to heat stress. HSP70 gene expression was significantly decreased in all treatments compared to the control.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This experiment suggests that applying nutritional and management strategies can effectively mitigate the effects of heat stress on dairy cows. The study recommends using zinc supplementation and mist spray to alleviate heat stress effectively. Overall, this study highlights the importance of implementing management and nutrition strategies to improve the welfare and productivity of dairy cows under heat stress.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_95686_37f7227f0d6c454f22f1ca0b0d9c4c91.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889418420241001Aspiration From Dysphagia Associated With the Presence of Pantoea agglomerans in a Horse6136189352610.32598/ijvm.18.4.1005422ENElisabettaMondoDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.RiccardoRinnovatiDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.RaffaeleScarpelliniDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.AlessandroIlluzziEquivet Roma Hospital, Rome, Italy.FedericaGiacomettiDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.FedericaSaviniDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.FedericoTomaselloDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.SilviaPivaDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.Journal Article20230724Pantoea agglomerans is a gram-negative bacterium that usually lives in symbiosis in soil and plants. However, it may also lead to serious diseases in plants, animals and humans. We describe a case of aspiration from dysphagia associated with the isolation of P. agglomerans in a horse admitted to an Italian hospital. The patient was presented to the hospital for the onset of chronic cough after an acute episode of pulmonary hemorrhage during a race recorded two months before and was treated with dexamethasone and penicillin. The cough was accentuated during meals, leading to a suspicion of aspiration from dysphagia. A bronchoalveolar lavage was collected, and cytological examination showed the presence of vegetable fibers, rod bacteria, and a high macrophage population (89%). From the tracheal wash collected for bacteriological culture, P. agglomerans was isolated in monoculture, and the antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that the isolate was susceptible to all tested antimicrobials except sulfonamide. The horse recovered well after 10 days of enrofloxacin treatment. The present report highlights the role of P. agglomerans as an opportunistic respiratory pathogen in horses, especially in the presence of plants or their parts.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_93526_7a5ffa0fd38cdd76da23cdf1113e5184.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889418420241001Omental Lipoma in a Slaughtered Lamb6196249340710.32598/ijvm.18.4.1005410ENMohammad EbrahimMahakiDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.SirousSadeghian ChaleshtoriDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.HastiAzarabadDepartment of Pathology, Hamidreza Fattahian Pet Hospital, Tehran, Iran.ArmanShokriDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20230620Lipoma is a benign tumor of well-differentiated adipocytes that has been reported in some domestic animals. Omental lipomas in human and domestic animals are rare and reported as a case report. This study aimed to report an omental lipoma in a slaughtered sheep. In the observational examination of a sheep in a slaughterhouse in Tehran Province, Iran, and during the inspection of the abdominal area, a mass was seen on the greater omentum. The mass was sampled and placed in 10% formalin for histopathology. The mass was single, soft, dense, capsuled, oval, weighing 150 g, and 4.5×3.5 cm in size. Microscopic examination showed omental mass composed of uniform and mature lipocytes encased within a thick layer of immature connective tissue. The final diagnosis was primary benign lipoma. Lipoma can occur anywhere in the body where there are fat cells, and probably obesity and trauma are important risk factors for its occurrence. The size of the lipoma mass may help predict the age of the mass. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_93407_10a9dc98d027f3c248aa9f886da72354.pdf