University of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701A Brief Review of Synthesis Methods, Biological Activities, and Cytotoxicity of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles4054149690210.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005519ENBehnazKarimiDepartment of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranSamanYousefiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.Journal Article20240214Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs, or nanoceria) are among the most unique and promising lanthanide nanomaterials, with unique properties like redox activity, oxygen storage capacity, and free radical scavenging ability. Their ability to self-regenerate their surface makes them potential candidates in different fields, especially the biomedical division. The mechanisms by which nanoceria protect against oxidative stress include direct scavenging of radicals by mimicking the catalytic activity of redox enzymes. Depending on the surface characteristics and environment, nanoceria can act as a double-edged sword and display oxidant and antioxidant properties. Despite their potential for clinical applications, contradictory studies have reported the potential toxicity of CeO2-NPs. This review describes the synthesis methods of CeO2-NPs, the applications of nanoceria for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, including the most recent studies carried out in vivo and in vitro, and their cytotoxic activity. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_96902_11379c15f57c339d9378acf92e9e68b0.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulation Impacts on the Blood-testis Barrier Integrity via TJP1 Function4154269890910.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005541ENGhadeer SBustaniDepartment of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.HasanAlghetaaDepartment of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.Journal Article20240323<strong>Background</strong>: Male infertility is a global concern and it tends to increase due to miscellaneous factors, such as environmental toxins and genetic and lifestyle choices. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) has recently attracted attention due to its involvement in male infertility mechanisms and impact on sperm production and function. AHR, a versatile receptor expressed in various tissues, including the testes, regulates the genes involved in spermatogenesis. AHR activation is associated with cell cycle regulation and chromatin condensation during spermatogenesis.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to investigate the influence of AHR activation on blood-testis barrier (BTB) integrity, focusing on the role of tight junction protein-1 (TJP1) and exploring the effects of AHR modulation on spermatogenesis outcomes in adult male rats.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Forty adult male rats were divided into four groups according to their treatment regimens. Briefly, the control group was kept without any treatment, the resveratrol (RES) group received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 100 mg/kg every 72 h and the AHR antagonist (AHR‾) group received an IP injection of CH223191 at a dose of 10 mg/kg every 72 h. Finally, the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group received DMSO which was used as a solvent for preparing RES and CH223191. The study lasted for 60 d to cover the entire spermatogenesis cycle. At the study’s endpoint, sperm chromatin maturity and condensation were evaluated in addition to Tjp1 gene expression in testicular tissue, supported by BTB integrity assessment.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The abnormal sperm chromatin maturity (ASCM) and condensation were significantly (P<0.05) higher in AHR‾ compared to all other groups. Tjp1 gene expression was significantly upregulated in the RES group compared to the control and AHR‾ group, which tightened the BTB and maintained the testicular homeostasis for normal spermatogenesis. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: RES treatment positively influenced sperm chromatin maturity, Tjp1 expression and BTB integrity, suggesting its potential as a protective agent against male reproductive health. Conversely, AHR antagonism leads to compromised sperm chromatin integrity and BTB function, highlighting the critical role of AHR in spermatogenesis and BTB maintenance. These results underscore the importance of AHR modulation in male fertility and provide insights into potential therapeutic interventions.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_98909_7cf3edd90d24f817c61bbdb55254b823.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701Effect of Simultaneous Use of Opium and Ischemic Preconditioning on Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Rat Liver4274369760710.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005566ENMaryamKaramiDepartment of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Hossein AliArabDepartment of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.JavadJamshidianDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.AsmaKheirollahiDepartment of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-5976-3892Journal Article20240506<strong>Background</strong>: Ischemia preconditioning (IPC) is known as a protective procedure against the injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. There is also evidence that the administration of opioids may have the same effects on the injury. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of simultaneous use of opium and IPC on lobar IR injury in the rat liver.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Twenty-five adult male rats were randomly divided into five groups: 1) Sham-operated, 2) IR, 3) IR+IPC, 4) Opium+IPC+IR and 5) Naloxone+opium+IPC+IR. At the end of the reperfusion, blood and tissue samples were obtained to assay alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the blood, as well as to determine oxidative stress by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in the liver tissues.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The levels of ALT, AST and MDA were significantly increased in the IR group compared to the sham-operated group (P<0.05). However, the application of IPC and IPC+opium significantly decreased the release of these enzymes, while the simultaneous application of opium and IPC had a stronger restorative effect on the IR injury (P<0.05). The recovery effects induced by opium+IPC in terms of TAC, SOD and CAT were also higher than that of the IPC alone. However, the use of naloxone significantly inhibited the protective effects induced by the opium.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The simultaneous use of opium and IPC is able to accelerate the protective effects of IPC on IR injury. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_97607_d4ac3ae132c60f59ec8e702ea746bccc.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Dogs (Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) and Dzos (Bos grunniens Linnaeus, 1766) in Upper Humla, Nepal4374489946710.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005606ENDharmaAcharyaDepartment of Zoology, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.RinzinPhunjok LamaUpper Karnali Landscape Initiatives, Humla, Nepal.TirthRaj GhimireDepartment of Zoology, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.Journal Article20240702<strong>Background</strong>: Dogs and dzos are important domestic animals in human communities in high-altitude landscapes and are the potential carriers of different parasites. There is a risk of zoonotic parasite transmission between dzos and free-ranging dogs. Therefore, evaluating and managing the parasites could play a role in safeguarding health and overall well-being. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and diversity of intestinal parasites in free-ranging dogs, owned dogs and dzos in Upper Humla, Nepal.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Fecal samples (n=151), including 109 from free-ranging dogs, 12 from owned dogs, and 30 from dzos, were collected. Microscopic examination of the fecal samples was conducted using direct wet mount and acid-fast staining methods. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites was 75.49%, with 75.23% in free-ranging dogs, 66.67% in owned dogs and 80% in dzos. Nineteen parasite species (18 confirmed) were recorded with nine species in dzos, seven in owned dogs, and 17 in free-ranging dogs. Triplet infections were more common in free-ranging dogs, while duplicate infections were more prevalent in owned dogs and pentuplet infections were more frequent in dzos. The dogs and dzos of Upper Humla were commonly infected with Entamoeba spp., ascarids, Cryptosporidium spp., Eimeria spp. and Taenia spp. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Intestinal parasites can substantially threaten human populations through zoonotic transmission. Controlling and managing the parasitic infection in dogs and dzos can help reduce the impact on human health. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_99467_b38fab0b5eff4c06c38a0a640efe39f2.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701Renal Resistive Index and activity of Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System Components in Persian Cats With Polycystic Kidney Disease4494589436410.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005440ENMahbodGhorbani ShemiraniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranDarioushShiraniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranShahramJamshidiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSeyed MahdiNassiriDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMajidMasoudifardDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMaryamMahdipourDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranSanazBanifazlFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranYasaminValiDiagnostic imaging, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, AustriaHessameddinAkbareinDepartment of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20230910<strong>Background</strong>: Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in Persian cats is a common genetic disorder that accounts for 10% of chronic renal failures. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to assess the effect of PKD progression on renal resistive index (RI), plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin II (ANG II), aldosterone levels, and systolic blood pressure in Persian cats.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Fifty Persian cats (25 with PKD and 25 healthy) were included in the present study. First, the blood pressure of each cat was measured, and then their PRA, ANG II, and aldosterone enzymes were evaluated using an ELISA test. Additionally, B-Mode ultrasonography was performed in the PKD group to evaluate and calculate cysts’ diameter and overall volume (OVC). Furthermore, the RI was computed by pulsed-wave Doppler in all cats.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: There were no significant differences in the systolic blood pressure between healthy and PKD cats (138.84±2.89 vs 140.92±2.35 mm Hg). PRA, aldosterone, and ANG II were significantly higher in the PKD group compared to the healthy group (3.64±0.36 vs 2.26±0.029 ng/mL, P<0.01; 80.45±2.35 vs 30.98±1.75 pg/mL, P<0.0001; and 53.54±3.22 vs 30.08±3.06 pg/mL, P<0.0001, respectively). Statistically significant increases (P<0.0001) were detected in RIs of right and left kidneys in PKD cats (0.72±0.01 and 0.71±0.008, respectively) compared with healthy ones (0.59±0.008 and 0.60±0.008). The statistical analysis showed a strong direct correlation between RI changes and the right or left kidney OVC (P<0.001), showing the correlation between RI increase and renal disease progression. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: An increase in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activity and RI in Persian cats diagnosed with PKD can be valuable diagnostic tools for their renal disease progression. However, our results showed that the systemic blood pressure is maintained and stays in its normal range. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_94364_b8627f0bb3594e38468c61319325bf32.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701Fluconazole Toxicity in a Rat Model: Histopathological and Neurobehavioral Effects4594709499710.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005454ENYamamaAlabdalyDepartment of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.ThanoonAL-hbitiDepartment of Veterinary Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.HanaIsmaeil KaleelDepartment of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.Journal Article20231015<strong>Background</strong>: The harmful effects of medications on cells can be either direct or indirect. These effects are due to increased free radicals or changes in the gene expression of specific proteins in the cells.<br />Objectives: This study examined the effects of fluconazole at high dosages on the brain and liver of rats and their neurological behavior and motor activity. It also investigated the mechanisms that caused these changes by testing key enzymes and proteins.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: We used two LD50 percentages: 10% and 20%. Three groups of animals were formed. Group I was the control group. Fluconazole was given to groups II and III as a daily oral dose for 14 days at 583 mg/kg and 292 mg/kg, respectively.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Neurobehavioral testing revealed that rats with fluconazole 583 mg/kg experienced hyperactivity, increased movement, and poor cognition. The findings showed a substantial dose-related rise in malondialdehyde and caspase-3 and an increase in liver function enzymes but no significant change in cholinesterase activity. A fluconazole dose of 538 mg/kg also caused severe histological alterations in the brain and liver. Furthermore, enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression has been observed in brain tissue. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: These findings led us to conclude that fluconazole is toxic at higher doses because it alters rat neuromotor behavior and negatively affects liver and brain tissues. It results in altered levels of some enzymes, elevated oxidative stress markers and increased apoptosis with a higher expression of GFAP in brain tissues. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_94997_6fa5cff3e975e332456a897ac799f50a.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701Visceral Leishmaniasis in Stray Dogs From Kermanshah Area, Iran: Seroprevalence and Association With Clinical and Hematological Alterations4714789760410.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005526ENAliHeydariDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.HamidrezaShokraniDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.AlirezaRockyDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.Journal Article20240302<strong>Background</strong>: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is responsible for mortality, especially among children in developing countries. Stray dogs are a reservoir for VL infections, and asymptomatic infected dogs can act as a source of human infection. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of VL in stray dogs from the Kermanshah area and to evaluate the clinical and hematological alterations in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Ninety-two stray dogs aged 1-8 years were sampled. Serum samples were evaluated for anti-L. infantum antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All positive samples were titrated using the direct agglutination test (DAT). <br /><strong>Results</strong>: Eleven dogs (11.95%) were infected with L. infantum. Only four (36.36%) showed clinical signs among the seropositive dogs. Three infected patients had anemia, while two had hemoconcentration. According to the blood count, most alterations were observed in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), band neutrophils, and lymphocytes. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The high frequency of asymptomatic dogs indicates that these reservoirs must be considered the principal source of VL infection in this area. Frequent surveillance and monitoring of canine VL (CVL) is critical to decrease the disease incidence in humans, especially in stray dogs.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_97604_2b15e4b00a5ecd5afac4fce243ebbb48.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701Effect of Propolis and Vitamin E on the Pituitary-gonad Axis and Gene Expression of Testosterone in Male Rats With Testicular Toxicity4794949743510.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005538ENAliMudhafferDepartment of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, IraqFouad ZiedanHamzahDepartment of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq.Journal Article20240318<strong>Background</strong>: The study was done at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa. The primary objective was to examine the impact of propolis (Pro) and vitamin E (Vit E) on the reproductive hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], luteinizing hormone [LH] and testosterone [T]), histopathological changes, and gene expression of 3β-HSD1 mRNA in male rats with testicular dysfunction induced by Bisphenol A (BPA).<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>:The primary objective of the current study was to examine the toxic effects of BPA on the reproductive organs and the role of Pro in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, as well as gene expression in adult male rats, in comparison with Vit E This study focused on evaluating male reproductive hormones (FSH, LH and T), histopathological changes, and the expression of 3β-HSD1 mRNA. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: The rats were randomly distributed into five groups, each consisting of ten male rats. Specifically, group 1 comprised rats receiving standard food and water, serving as the negative control group. In Group 2, rats were administered 0.2 mL of corn oil (the vehicle for BPA) through the intraperitoneal (IP) route, serving as the vehicle control group. In group 3, rats received BPA dissolved in corn oil at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, administered via IP injection three days a week for three weeks. In group 4, rats were protected with Pro at a dosage of 250 mg/kg body weight orally, administered through a gavage needle. This was followed by the IP injection of BPA at 50 mg/kg body weight dissolved in corn oil, conducted three days a week over three weeks. For group 5, rats received protection with Vit E at a dosage of 100 mg/kg body weight orally, administered through a gavage needle. This was followed by the IP injection of BPA at 50 mg/kg body weight dissolved in corn oil, administered three days a week over three weeks. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: BPA had significant adverse effects on male reproductive hormones (FSH, LH, and T), histopathological changes, and the expression of 3β-HSD1 mRNA. In contrast, Pro and Vit E groups positively influenced all these parameters. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: BPA exposure induced histopathological changes and affected male reproductive hormones (FSH, LH, and T) in male rats, as well as the gene expression of 3β-HSD1 mRNA (T). Pro and Vit E positively influenced the histopathological changes and male reproductive hormones (FSH, LH, and T) induced by BPA, restoring their normal architecture. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_97435_6ced947b360e054632aefff6e580d865.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701Short-term vs Long-term Effects of Latanoprost on Tear Test, IOP, and Pupil Size in Dogs4955029891110.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005557ENArminShokoohimandDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.FarnooshArfaeeDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.AhmadAsghariDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-5152-8807EhsanKhaksarDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran.Journal Article20240421<strong>Background</strong>: Glaucoma poses a significant challenge in veterinary medicine, necessitating effective management strategies to mitigate vision loss. Prostaglandin analogs like latanoprost offer promising avenues due to their ability to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). However, a comprehensive understanding of latanoprost’s short-term and long-term effects on ocular parameters in dogs remains limited.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aims to compare the effects of short-acting versus long-acting latanoprost on the Schirmer tear test (STT), IOP and pupil size in clinically normal dogs, highlighting its potential applications in veterinary ophthalmology. By examining both short-term and long-term impacts, this study offers novel insights into the temporal pharmacological effects of latanoprost.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Twenty healthy adult male crossbred dogs underwent thorough baseline assessments before receiving either latanoprost or saline drops in randomly chosen eyes. The STT, IOP and pupil size were measured at various intervals using standardized protocols. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare treated and untreated eyes.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Short-term analysis revealed a significant IOP reduction at 6 and 8 h post-latanoprost instillation, with no significant changes in STT values. Pupil diameter showed significant differences between treated and untreated eyes. The long-term effects included sustained IOP reduction and pupil constriction after three weeks of latanoprost treatment.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Latanoprost demonstrates rapid and sustained efficacy in reducing IOP in dogs, with potential implications for glaucoma management. Although it does not significantly affect tear production, it modulates pupil size, highlighting its multifaceted pharmacological effects. The study affirms the latanoprost’s safety profile and underscores its therapeutic potential in veterinary ophthalmology, urging further exploration of its mechanisms and applications.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_98911_4527d6d38f24f81a2e92943f96330018.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701Physicochemical Parameters Affecting the In-vitro Toxins Production by Characterized Antibiotic-resistant Clostridium Perfringens Toxinotype B Isolates5035149891210.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005561ENMadeehaTariqInstitute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.Aftab AhmadAnjumInstitute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.WajeehaTariqInstitute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.TehreemAliInstitute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.0000-0003-0037-3061RabiaManzoorInstitute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.Journal Article20240423<strong>Background</strong>: Alpha, beta and epsilon toxins of Clostridium perfringens toxintype B are the major potent toxins involved in enterotoxemia. To combat this condition, proper vaccination of animals is required with an effective vaccine. <br />Objectives: This research aimed to characterize the resistant C. perfringens type B isolates for in-vitro toxin production potential under the influence of various physicochemical parameters. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: C. perfringens isolates were characterized based on biochemical tests, toxinotyping, and 16S rRNA typing. The indigenously characterized C. perfringens toxinotype B isolates (n=6) were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility profiling through the Kirby-Bauer method. The resistant C. perfringens type B isolates were subjected to toxin production optimization under physicochemical parameters (physical: Temperature, pH and time of incubation; chemical: Glucose, vitamin-mineral mixture, tween 80 and sodium salts at various concentration). <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The C. perfringens isolates were identified as toxinotype B. Isolates MW551887.1 and MW332247.1 produced higher hemolytic and cytotoxic units of toxins at a 0.2% glucose concentration in the broth after 24 hours at 37 ºC, respectively. <br />Alpha toxin, Beta toxin, Clostridium perfringens toxinotype B, Epsilon toxin, Glucose: To combat disease, controlling antibiotic resistance and ensuring proper vaccination of animals is crucial. These C. perfringens isolates may have commercial applications for toxoid vaccine production after further. Conclusion: To combat disease, control of antibiotic resistance and proper vaccination of animals is crucial. These C. perfringens isolates may have commercial application for toxoid vaccine production after further characterization and molecular testing of toxins.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_98912_4b15c800d46e401e5314ee40c466826c.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701Nano-curcumin Attenuates Brain Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Deficit in Ketamine-induced Anesthesia in Adolescent Rats5155269890110.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005545ENRezaTahmasebyFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.AbbasRaisiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.MajidTaatiDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.SoroushAfshar GhahremaniDepartment of Health and Food Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20240402<strong>Background</strong>: Anesthetics play a crucial role in medical procedures; however, some may have neurotoxic effects, particularly through oxidative stress mechanisms. Ketamine, a widely used anesthetic, has been associated with neurotoxicity characterized by an imbalance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to investigate the effects of nano-curcumin on ketamine-induced alterations in the hippocampal antioxidant components and cognitive function in adolescent rats.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Sixty male Wistar rats were used for two experiments. experiment 1 assessed the biochemical effects of nano-curcumin on ketamine anesthesia, while experiment 2 evaluated its impact on spatial learning and memory. At the end of the experiment, oxidative stress parameters, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT), were measured. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to assess cognitive function.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Biochemical assays revealed that ketamine anesthesia reduced antioxidant enzyme activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the hippocampus (HP) while increasing lipid peroxidation. Nano-curcumin treatment alleviated these effects, restoring antioxidant enzyme activity by significantly increasing SOD and CAT levels and reducing lipid peroxidation (P≤0.05). In the MWM test, ketamine anesthesia impaired spatial learning and memory, which was attenuated by nano-curcumin pretreatment.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Nano-curcumin effectively prevented ketamine-induced neurotoxicity by restoring the antioxidant balance and ameliorating cognitive deficits. These results highlight the potential therapeutic utility of nano-curcumin in mitigating anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity and emphasize the importance of oxidative stress in anesthesia-related neurological complications. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_98901_a236a704e85e800c90c664f196620e92.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701Effect of Thymus Vulgaris on Hormonal Profile and Immunohistochemistry of Ovarian and Uterine Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Lead Acetate treated Rats52753810234010.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005660ENMuna HassanYoussefDepartments of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.Sadiq JafferRamadhanDepartments of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.Majida Abdul KhaliqJafaar Al-QayimDepartments of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.Journal Article20241021<strong>Background:</strong> Thymus vulgaris is a plant rich in essential oils acclaimed for the management of oxidative stress and inflammation in the organs. Meanwhile, the heavy metal lead is widely distributed in nature and continued exposure to lead acetate causes reduced fertility.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of T. vulgaris on ovarian and uterine structural and functional characteristics in female rats exposed to lead acetate. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Three groups of 18 mature Wistar albino female rats (Rattus norvegicus), 15 weeks old and weighing between 200 and 210 g, were established and handled for 60 days as follows: Group A (control group) received 0.5 mL of distilled water (DW) daily; group B received 5 mg/kg body weight (BW) of lead acetate via oral gavage; and group C received 5 mg/kg BW of lead acetate via oral gavage followed by 75 mg/kg BW of T. vulgaris extract 2 hours later. Blood and tissue samples (uterus and ovary) were collected from euthanized animals.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Lead acetate caused oxidative stress, as indicated by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. It also caused a decrease in serum estrogen and an increase in progesterone levels. Meanwhile, T. vulgaris caused a decrease in progesterone and MDA levels and an increase in estrogen levels and SOD activity. The histological changes of the ovary and uterus in the lead acetate group showed vascular degeneration and necrosis, and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) revealed an increase in positive cells. All these changes were restored to normal by T. vulgaris.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Using alcoholic extracts of T. vulgaris acts as an antioxidant, helping to restore ovarian and uterine structure and function to near-normal levels in lead acetate-exposed rats. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_102340_d1b243579c5604dabb514fdd5958c7bd.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701The Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Effect of Essential Oils of Rosemary and Basil in Milk5395489716610.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005517ENRezaRahchamaniDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad Kavous, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.SamanZarooniDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad Kavous, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.Matia SadatBorhaniDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gonbad Kavous, Gonbad Kavous, Iran.
.0000-0002-6599-761XJournal Article20240217<strong>Background</strong>: According to the diverse side effects of antibiotics, new and natural antibacterial substances are needed to treat bacterial diseases, and one of these substances is the essential oils (EOs) of medicinal plants. Milk fat and protein may reduce the antimicrobial impact of EOs. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aims to investigate the antibacterial activity of rosemary and basil EOs compared to lincospectinomycin antibiotic against three mastitis-causing bacteria, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli in milk media. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Chemical compounds in EOs were identified by gas chromatography. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EOs were studied using the tube dilution method, and the growth curve of bacteria was studied at 0, 6, 10, and 24 h.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The most crucial rosemary compounds were carene (45.11%) and eucalyptus (20.62%), and those of basil were estragol (70.42%) and carene (17.99%). The MIC and MBC of rosemary were lower than those of lincospectinomycin, and those of basil were similar to those of lincospectinomycin. At 6-h, the bacterial reduction of E. coli and S. agalactiae was significant, and the population reduction of rosemary was significant for S. aureus. At 24 h, rosemary and basil significantly diminished the bacterial count of S. aureus, and basil significantly decreased the S. agalactiae count. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The antibacterial effects of EOs are acceptable, and clinical studies are recommended to treat other diseases, including mastitis.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_97166_13f060fdc0a6f2186bc7feb5bcb6a3c7.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701In Vivo Antitrypanosomal Activities of Methanolic Extract of Lawsonia inermis Linn. Leaves on Trypanosome Brucei Infected Wistar Rat5495629993610.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005578ENAremuAbdulfataiDepartment of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.0000-0003-0599-2814AmeenSaliu AkanniDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.AkoredeGaniu JimohDepartment of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.OlatunjiOmobolanle AishatDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.BasiruADepartment of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.AhmedOlayiwola AkeemDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.KadirAdebisi RafiuDepartment of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.Journal Article20240521<strong>Background</strong>: Trypanosomiasis is a major disease affecting both humans and animals. Nearly 30000 individuals in various countries of sub-Saharan Africa have African trypanosomiasis, which leads to approximately 21000 deaths annually.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to evaluate the anti-trypanocidal effects of Lawsonia inermis (LI) in rats infected with Trypanosome Brucei.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Thirty rats were allotted to groups (1-5), six rats each: Group 1 (negative control), 2 (tryps control), 3 (diminazene [DA] 7 mg/kg), 4 (LI at 200 mg/kg) and 5 (DA+LI). All rats in groups (2-5) were infected with 3×106 Trypanosoma brucei per milliliter of blood. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The percentage weight gain of rats in the DA extract combination group showed increased weight gain (6.3%) compared to tryps-control. DA showed significant weight gain compared to the negative control. The survivability rate showed that the DA, LI and DA+LI combinations survived for 14 days without visible relapse. The packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), platelet and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increased significantly in the extract-treated groups. In contrast, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) decreased significantly. Lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils showed significantly more growth than those in the control group. Globulin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and blood urea nitrogen increased non-significantly. Creatinine and total bilirubin levels were significantly decreased compared to those in the untreated control. LI significantly increased glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreased MDA and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1, 6 and 12) compared to the untreated control groups. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: LI reduced parasitemia in the transient phase, and the drug-extract combination cleared parasitemia quickly. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_99936_625a59234862d392823475b19b76bf6a.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701The Impact of Cytopathogenic and Non-cytopathogenic Biotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus on Total Antioxidant Capacity of Bovine Oocytes In-vitro5635709892210.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005577ENAmirmahdiRoshanzamirDepartment of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.0009-0002-6402-8080MassoudTalebkhan GaroussiDepartment of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJalilMehrzadDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-8174-5431Journal Article20240521<strong>Background</strong>: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the most common pathogen in dairy cattle herds.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aims to examine the impact of cytopathic (CP) and non-cytopathic (NCP) BVDV biotypes on the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of bovine oocytes in vitro.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Oocytes were obtained from slaughtered bovine ovaries, washed, and matured in a maturation medium. Oocytes were divided into five groups, each consisting of at least 60. The control group was not exposed to BVDV biotypes. Oocytes were challenged with CP and NCP, BVDV at two concentrations of 104 and 105 tissue culture infectious doses (TCID)50/mL. To determine the antioxidant capacity of oocytes, a TAC assay was conducted after two hours of incubation. Graph Pad Prism software, version 8.4.3 was utilized to analyze the data. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, and a post-hoc Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test was accompanied.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The results indicated that only the CP biotype of BVDV significantly decreased the TAC of infected oocytes compared to the control group, whereas the NCP biotype did not significantly alter the TAC of the infected groups. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Our study showed that only CP BVDV in 104 and 105 TCID50/mL doses affected the infected oocytes and significantly decreased the oocyte’s TAC. At the same time, the NCP biotype did not significantly alter the infected oocyte’s TAC. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_98922_7f32632a663c53b37f65cfa7c9ce8153.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701Comparison of Giemsa, Leishman, and Leishman-Giemsa Staining Methods for Evaluating Fish Blood Smears5715789891910.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005575ENEhsanArvanDepartment of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.SaraMehdizadeh MoodDepartment of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.MahmoodAhmadi-HamedaniDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.Journal Article20240525<strong>Background</strong>: The hematological panel provides valuable information about the physiologic status and health of fish in aquatic environments through optimal staining of the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cytoplasmic granules. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: Our research focused on creating a new Leishman-Giemsa dye mixture specifically for fish blood smears and evaluating its effectiveness compared to standard staining techniques.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Blood samples were taken from 20 healthy common carp to produce three groups of peripheral blood smears: One for Leishman-Giemsa dye and two for Leishman’s and Giemsa’s stains. Two experienced clinical pathologists extensively examined all three types of blood smears based on four staining characteristics: Nuclear characteristics of erythrocytes and leukocytes, cytoplasmic characteristics, and leukocyte granulation. The mean ratings from the two experts for each staining technique were compared. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: Regarding the characteristics of RBC and WBC nuclei, the two conventional staining methods, Leishman and Giemsa, yielded substantially lower mean scores than the new Leishman-Giemsa staining method (P<0.05). Leishman-Giemsa staining enhanced the clarity of RBC and WBC nuclear characteristics. The new Leishman-Giemsa staining technique resulted in a statistically significant (P<0.05) difference in the cytoplasmic characteristics of fish WBC compared to the other two methods. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The results of this study demonstrated for the first time that fish blood cells stained with the novel Leishman-Giemsa method are more desirable. In addition, its nuclear and cytoplasmic staining is superior to that of conventional Giemsa and Leishman stains when used separately. The Leishman-Giemsa cocktail has a high index for air-dried smear discoloration. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_98919_0acbdf830940a28998142ebe0c3de158.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701Effect of propolis supplementation on structural histomorphology of pituitary-ovarian-uterine axis in rat57959810234310.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005667ENAbdulla AaidAlbishtueDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, IraqAhzan Kh.AbduiameerDepartment of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, IraqMustafa AliAlahmerDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.Wurood RazaqHassenDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, IraqSameerTaklifDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.MohammedAl-MousawiMedical Laboratory Techniques Department, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Najaf, Iraq.Journal Article20241031<strong>Background</strong>: Propolis (PRO) is a natural animal product used in multiple applications such as wound healing, pharmaceutical products, and food production. It has high nutritional and medicinal content, and numerous biological properties, such as antioxidants (AOs) and anti-inflammatory effects. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of PRO supplementation using histomorphometric and morphological examinations on the rat liver, pituitary glands, ovaries, and uterus.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Four groups (G) of albino rats were randomly assigned, with each group consisting of six rats. The groups G1, G2, G3, and G4 were administered PRO at progressively higher doses of 0, 150, 300, and 500 mg/kg body weight daily, respectively. The period of treatment was 28 days. Blood specimens were taken from the anesthetized rats’ hearts that were sacrificed during the proestrus stage. For morphological and histological analyses, the uterus, ovaries, pituitary, kidney, and liver were removed. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The data demonstrated significant ovarian structural and histological changes in the PRO-treated groups, including an increase in both interstitial cells and growing follicles, as well as a significant rise in the histological structures of pars distalis. The findings indicated that the G3 and G4 groups exhibited an increase in the height of the uterine luminal and glandular epithelia, as well as proliferation of the uterine glands, in contrast to the G1 and G2 groups. This study revealed that hepatorenal histomorphology is normal and that the number of Kupffer cells decreased in the treatment groups. Moreover, the serum of the G4 group had a substantially greater concentration of estradiol (E2) than that of the G1 group. In this study, non-pregnant rats’ levels of oxidative stress were decreased and their AO and total AC capabilities were raised by PRO. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: PRO induces the proliferation of the endocrine cells in the pituitary gland, as well as in ovarian and uterine tissues, as evidenced by the elevated E2 concentrations and improvement in enzymatic TAC defense in the cells. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_102343_979a3b7396758694d5e8f8fc7906b464.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701Tick Paralysis Caused by Argas persicus Infestation in Domestic Chickens: A Case Report59960410234410.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005678ENAliSalavatiDepartment of Avian Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.AmirhosseinSharifi_MoghadamFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.AminRiahiFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.MatinehShakouriDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.FatemehArabkhazaeliDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.JamshidRazmyarDepartment of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20241114Toxicosis induced by ticks primarily causes tick paralysis. Affected animals develop ascending flaccid paralysis due to the paralytic neurotoxin’s effect on the synaptic space of the neuromuscular junction. This condition, if left untreated for a longer period, may lead to death due to paralysis of the respiratory muscles. In a one-year-old domestic chicken with good general condition and respiration, symptoms of complete flaccid paralysis of legs and wings were observed. Eight ticks were removed from the bird’s body and referred to the parasitology laboratory. The ectoparasite treatment was performed with ivermectin. Within a week after treatment, the clinical symptoms had completely disappeared. By analyzing the morphological characteristics of the tick, the larval stage of Argas persicus ticks was identified. Additionally, to complete the differential diagnosis, conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) determined that the blood spirochete Borrelia anserina was not present in the completely homogeneous extract of the ticks. Since the presence of a small number of external parasites can have serious consequences, like paralysis and death, this study highlights the importance of precise clinical examination in addition to parasitological and paraclinical investigations, for the successful diagnosis and treatment of this disease. While this complication receives significantly more attention in veterinary medicine, it is also important from the perspective of zoonotic diseases, as it can occur in a similar manner in humans. Therefore, professionals in human medicine should also be aware of this complication. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_102344_6b2e0c4e8b33cff17335d2a67dd9b855.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701An Unusual Growth of Migrating Foxtail Foreign Body in A Dalmatian Dog: A Case Report6056109962710.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005565ENMasoomehKhanipour MachianiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.MahshadSheikhi NaraniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.ShahramJamshidiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.HamidrezaJahaniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.FatemehHashemi HaghighiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.MaryamMahdipourDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.MohammadMolazemDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20240501A 6-year-old spayed female Dalmatian was referred following a two-day history of purulent discharge in the medial aspect of the left femur. The wound was irrigated and antibiotic treatment was continued for 30 days with a partial response. Due to the extension of the fistula into the pelvis and the long distance to the end part of the fistula, surgery did not seem feasible. By day 40, a bump appeared at the wound location. After the foreign body was removed from this bump, it was found to be a 30 cm foxtail that had grown along the fistula path. Within five days of removing the foreign body, marked improvement was noticed with a decrease in purulent discharge, and the dog’s attitude improved considerably. Numerous reports have documented plant-like foreign objects migrating within a dog’s body. In this particular case, the significant plant growth inside the dog’s body was noteworthy. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_99627_1e8848c3bc6024ef5e4ec9c598f2565c.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889419320250701A Large Intermuscular Lipoma in the Axillary Region of a Dog: Diagnosis, Surgery and Follow-up6116169891310.32598/ijvm.19.3.1005570ENSaeedFarzad-MohajeriDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Seyedeh FatemehSafaviDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.SarangSorooriDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.FarhangSasaniDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20240509Lipoma is considered a benign tumor of adipose tissue that typically develops in subcutaneous tissue. While this type of tumor is common in older and obese dogs, intermuscular lipomas are rare in veterinary medicine. This report represents the clinical signs, physical examination, and diagnostic imaging findings of intermuscular lipoma in the axillary region of a 12-year-old intact male mixed terrier dog. Diagnostic tests, including ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and fine-needle aspiration, were performed. The mass was removed entirely using blunt dissection with a safe margin under general anesthesia. A large fatty tumor between the deep pectoralis and superficial pectoralis muscles was found during surgery. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations revealed a non-encapsulated mass with a soft, greasy consistency, containing differentiated and benign adipocytes, indicating lipoma. During the examination six months after surgery, the patient showed no lameness and other neurological complications, and there were no signs of mass recurrence. Intermuscular lipomas are rarer than other types of lipomas. Complete surgical excision is the optimal treatment for intermuscular lipomas, yielding an excellent prognosis post-surgery. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_98913_5da76bbff931c0098957a6bce8d1a019.pdf