University of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Probiotics: Advantages and Disadvantages in Veterinary Medicine41543010216310.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005730ENRaziehHosseiniDepartment of Veterinary Basic Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.AliHajimohammadiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.Journal Article20250122Probiotics primarily consist of beneficial bacteria, particularly from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, that when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host. Probiotics have been shown to have various benefits in improving the health and productivity of livestock, including goats, camels, horses, dogs, and cats. The mechanisms through which probiotics exert their effects are complex and multifaceted. They can help maintain gut health by competing with pathogenic microorganisms for resources, thereby preventing infections. Additionally, probiotics can produce antimicrobial substances, such as bacteriocins, which inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. They also play a role in enhancing the immune system by promoting the production of immunoglobulins and modulating inflammatory responses. Research has shown that specific probiotic strains can alleviate symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. However, the use of probiotics also raises concerns about potential side effects and residues in animal products. Furthermore, the interaction of probiotic strains with other microorganisms during meat processing could result in the production of undesirable compounds, which may pose health risks to consumers. Another significant concern is the potential for probiotics to contribute to antibiotic resistance. Probiotic strains often harbor intrinsic and mobile genetic elements that confer resistance to various antibiotics. When consumed in high amounts, these probiotics can establish a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant genes, which may be transferred to pathogenic bacteria, leading to serious clinical ramifications. Further research is needed to fully understand the implications of probiotic use in animal production and human health. The conclusion of the text is that while probiotics offer numerous health benefits, their residues and metabolic byproducts can pose risks that warrant further investigation.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_102163_3239fa78456125c7c39721f0d7a459b5.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Efficacy of Autologous Mesenchymal Adipose Stem Cells for Dental Hard Tissue Formation in DPC: An In Vivo Animal Study43144410114510.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005699ENSedighe SadatHashemi KamangarDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ParisaDoroudgarDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-3500-3995Mir SepehrPedramDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Mohammad MehdiDehghanDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.NaghmehBahramiCraniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.SaeedFarzad-MohajeriDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran..BehnazBehniafarDepartment of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20241225<strong>Background</strong>: Direct pulp capping (DPC) is a procedure in which the exposed pulp of the tooth is protected with a suitable material. Currently, fat tissue (adipose stem cells) is known as a source of mesenchymal/stromal stem cells (MSCs).<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of cell therapy in DPC using adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), in addition to a collagen/hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold, on dental hard tissue formation. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Mesenchymal stem cells were extracted from dogs. Then, DPC was performed in class V cavities prepared on the premolars of the same dogs in three groups using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), ASCs plus hydroxyapatite/collagen hybrid scaffold, and hybrid scaffold alone. After 12 weeks, the dogs were sacrificed and the teeth were fixed in formalin. Fixed decalcified specimens were stained and evaluated histopathologically to determine the presence of calcified bridge formation, characterize its structure, quantify its thickness, and assess pulp vitality. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: According to the results of the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test, significant differences were noted among the three groups in terms of vitality, dentinal bridge thickness, continuity of the bridge, type of bridge, and periapical lesion. The ASCs plus scaffold group showed dentinal bridge thickness similar to that observed with scaffold alone. The performance of MTA in this regard was superior to the other two groups.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: In the present study, despite the formation of a calcified barrier following the pulp cap with ASCs, which indicates the potential of forming hard tissue by this cell line, this amount is not clinically sufficient.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_101145_9e884a24cca25caf2000c9bad79948b1.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Black Seed and L-carnitine Mitigate Heat Stress in Japanese Quails Egg Quality Organ Morphology44545810309910.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005700ENAtefeHabibiDepartment of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Technology (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran.ShokoufeGhazanfariDepartment of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Technology (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran.Mohammad AmirKarimi TorshiziDepartment of Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.AbdollahMohammadi-SangcheshmehDepartment of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Technology (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran.Journal Article20241204<strong>Background</strong>: Heat stress negatively impacts egg production and health in quails, prompting research on dietary supplements, like black seed and L-carnitine for their potential to alleviate these effects and improve performance. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study evaluated the effects of black seed, L-carnitine, and their combination on egg production and intestinal and magnum morphology in laying Japanese quails under normal and heat stress conditions, with an additional assessment of vitamin E supplementation. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Five-hundred laying Japanese quails were divided into two temperature groups (normal and heat stress) and five dietary treatments (control, black seed, L-carnitine, black seed + L-carnitine, and vitamin E) in a 2×5 factorial design. The experiment consisted of acclimation (two weeks), heat exposure (five weeks), and recovery (three weeks). Egg production and intestinal and magnum morphology were measured throughout the entire period. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: During heat stress, control and black seed diets resulted in higher Haugh unit values, while the black seed + L-carnitine diet increased yolk percentage. Vitamin E improved eggshell strength under normal conditions, and after recovery, both vitamin E and black seed + L-carnitine diets produced stronger eggshells (P<0.05). Black seed + L-carnitine reduced the the ratio of villous length to crypt depthcompared to the controls. Vitamin E under heat stress and black seed + L-carnitine under normal conditions increased magnum fold height, while the control diet under heat stress had the lowest fold thickness. Vitamin E enhanced epithelial height under normal temperatures and reduced magnum gland diameter (P<0.05). <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Black seed and vitamin E improved egg quality (Haugh unit, shell strength), while black seed + L-carnitine had mixed effects on morphology depending on temperature. Dietary strategies can optimize the performance of laying Japanese quails under different conditions.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_103099_8c491dfbdce5f7643bad2b1a2f7487e6.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Assessment of the Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Antipyretic Activity of Amitriptyline in Chicks45946810189510.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005705ENAbdeslam M.SalehDepartment of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.Yasser M.AlbadranyDepartment of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.Journal Article20241211<strong>Background</strong>: Amitriptyline is effective for pain relief in a variety of pain states, as evidence suggests that it influences various analgesic pathways. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to determine the analgesic dose, the analgesic effect over time, and the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of amitriptyline in chicks.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Sixty-six broiler chicks were used in several successive experiments. Five and seven chicks were used to determine the median lethal dose (LD50) and median effective analgesic dose (ED50), respectively, using the Dixon method. Pain was induced and assessed using an electrical stimulator. Three sets of experiments were conducted to assess analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effects, using three groups of six chicks each (control, amitriptyline 50 and 100 mg/kg BW, administered orally). A formalin test was used to induce acute inflammatory pain, and a baker’s yeast test was used to induce fever. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The LD50 and ED50 of oral amitriptyline were 315 mg/kg and 23 mg/kg, respectively. Amitriptyline showed short-term analgesic effects lasting only two hours. Amitriptyline at 50 and 100 mg/kg showed dose-dependent, significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the number of foot lifts and the foot thickness treated with formalin, respectively, compared to the control group. Amitriptyline exhibited a significant antipyretic effect, as the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg were able to prevent the temperature rise for six and nine consecutive hours, respectively. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The study concluded that amitriptyline had a short-term analgesic effect with an acute anti-inflammatory effect, with a remarkable effect on reducing the induced fever.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_101895_cf54e2b054a13d77c6a33a5b75fe5ce9.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Quantitative Analysis of Histopathological Changes in a Mouse Model of Dinitrochlorobenzene-induced Atopic Dermatitis: Correlation With Total Serum IgE Levels46947810190110.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005707ENHamidrezaJahaniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.ShahramJamshidiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.FatemehJalousianDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.SaraShokrpoorDepartment of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.MaryamNourizadehImmunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20241214<strong>Background</strong>: The mouse model of atopic dermatitis (AD) plays a vital role in the development of new therapies, facilitating the assessment of drug impacts and the investigation of disease mechanisms. Its genetic and physiological traits closely resemble those of mammals, making it an effective system for replicating symptoms and studying the molecular processes associated with inflammation and immune responses.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological characteristics and identify quantitative metrics of the epidermis and dermis, as well as serum IgE levels, in a mouse model of AD induced by dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in order to guide future studies trying to develop novel therapies for AD. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: A total of 12 mice were divided into two groups: one group was induced with AD using DNCB, while the control group received a vehicle. Microscopic analysis of skin samples assessed dermal and epidermal thickness and eosinophilic infiltration using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Mast cell counts were determined with toluidine blue staining, and serum levels of total IgE were measured using a murine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The evaluation of skin and serum samples indicated that dermal and epidermal thickness, as well as eosinophil and mast cell infiltration, and serum IgE levels were significantly elevated in the DNCB-induced group.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This study demonstrates that the DNCB-induced mouse model of AD effectively replicates key histopathological features, including increased dermal and epidermal thickness, eosinophil and mast cell infiltration, and elevated serum IgE levels. These findings enhance our understanding of the disease and support future therapeutic development. Our results can help researchers determine quantitative parameters measuring the efficacy of novel drugs proposed for alleviating atopic signs.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_101901_cd4956bbcfd019e38bec75424719cf99.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Effect of Curcumin on the Dissemination of Leishmania major in Different Organs of infected BALB/c Mice Using Quantitative PCR Method47948610190510.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005713ENParisaPourdehghanDepartment of Parasitology, Research Center for Ticks and Tick-borne Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.FatemehArabkhazaeliDepartment of Parasitology, Research Center for Ticks and Tick-borne Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.SedighehShirmohammadDepartment of Parasitology, Research Center for Ticks and Tick-borne Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.MahdiMohebaliDepartment of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ParvizShayanDepartment of Parasitology, Research Center for Ticks and Tick-borne Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. & Institute Research Group Molecular Biological System Transfer (MBST), Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20241229<strong>Background</strong>: Leishmaniasis is considered as a significant public health concern globally. It ranks as the second most prevalent parasitic disease following malaria. The side effects of the drugs used in the treatment of leishmaniasis and the development of resistance against these drugs have caused many researchers to find an alternative treatment method. The most effective methods in the treatment of protozoan parasitic infections, such as leishmaniasis, can be natural plant products.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin on the dissemination of leishmaniasis in different organs of mice.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Mice were experimentally infected with Leishmania major and placed in 6 groups. The control groups, the group treated with glucantime as the standard method, and the group treated with curcumin at 40, 80, and 120 μM. The livers, spleens, hearts, lungs, and kidneys of these mice were collected, and parasite dissemination in the tissues was investigated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The intensity of the parasite-derived PCR product was divided by the intensity of the mouse genome-derived PCR product, which was used as a marker for parasite burden in the organs, and the data were analyzed using SPSS.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Leishmania major amastigote bands were not detected in the heart, kidney, and lung tissues of any group by quantitative PCR. However, Leishmania bands were observed in the liver and spleen of the control groups. Notably, the parasite band was absent in the spleen of mice treated with curcumin and glucantime. Furthermore, the infection burden in the liver of mice receiving curcumin and glucantime treatment was comparable to the untreated control group.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The quantitative PCR analysis of DNA extracted from the liver showed no significant differences in parasite burden in comparison with control groups. Treatment with glucantime and curcumin prevented the spread of Leishmania to the spleen. https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_101905_acaa8f0c9ac02f5cf3f7403a817d09c5.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Long-time Immune Response of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to a Local Yersiniosis Vaccine (Antiyersin) Under Farm Conditions48749610190310.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005714ENFatemehYazarlooDepartment of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.MehdiSoltaniDepartment of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. & Department of Fish Health Group, Center of Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystem, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.Seyed SaeedMirzargarDepartment of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.GholamrezaNikbakht BorujeniDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20250112<strong>Background</strong>: Yersiniosis caused by Yersinia ruckeri is an economically important disease in aquaculture, especially rainbow trout farms. Developing an effective vaccination to combat this disease is an important strategy for improving fish production. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to determine long-term immune response of rainbow trout to Antiyersin vaccine under field conditions.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Two vaccination routs, immersion (1:9 V/V) and intraperitoneal injection (0.2 ml/fish) were used. Antibody titer was recorded by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and agglutination plus immunocompetent cell population.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: No significant difference in heterophil value was observed between single immersion vaccination (SIV) and immersion vaccination plus booster (IVB) two months post-vaccination and between IBV and intraperitoneal vaccination (IPV) three and four months post-vaccination. Generally, the highest lymphocyte value was recorded in IPV, followed by IVB and SIV, respectively. Also, in general, there were no significant differences in monocyte value among the treatments during the study. IPV and IVB demonstrated significantly higher antibody titers than SIV, as measured by agglutination assay at all studied time points. The antibody titers by ELISA in all vaccinated groups were significantly higher than those in control fish. No significant difference was observed between IVB and IPV two months post-study, but both groups exhibited significantly higher levels than SIV. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: These data are useful for developing national policies to improve disease management in trout aquaculture. The results of the present study showed that the IVB route can be recommended for practical aquaculture because of its effective immune response and its ease of use.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_101903_23860e2b4a83073c8270bf835fc4d8c0.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Histopathological Investigation of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Metformin in an Experimental Model of Chronic Non-bacterial Prostatitis in Rats49750610190910.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005723ENMehdiBakhshandeh SerajiStudent Research Committee, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.SaharGhaffari KhalighDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.MahmoodAhmadi-hamedaniDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.Journal Article20250113<strong>Background</strong>: Chronic prostatitis is one of the most common diseases of the prostate gland, significantly impacting men’s quality of life. Today, metformin is recognized as a medicine with multiple therapeutic potentials, including enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, antitumor effects, benign prostatic hyperplasia, etc. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: The present study aimed to investigate the histopathological effects of metformin on chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNP) induced by carrageenan in rats.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups (n=6): Group I (Sham: pseudo CNP-untreated), group II (control: CNP-untreated), group III (cernilton: CNP-standard treatment), and group IV (MET: CNP-under treatment). To induce CNP, 0.1 mm carrageenan (1%) was injected into the prostate of groups II, III, and IV. In contrast, an equal amount of normal saline was injected into group I. Subsequently, group IV was treated with MET (100 mg/kg), group III with cernilton (100 mg/kg), and groups I and II with 0.5 mL normal saline, orally daily for up to 3 weeks (21 days). After 21 days, the rats were euthanized, and prostate tissue sections were prepared for histological staining with hematoxylin-eosin.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Group IV had a significant difference in inflammation compared to group II (P<0.05). Additionally, from a histopathological perspective, group IV exhibited a significant reduction in inflammation but in hyperplasia of acinar epithelial cells and hyperemia. Although there were no statistically significant differences among all groups, the reduction of hyperplasia and the increase in hyperemia were notable in group IV, with the tissue appearance closely resembling that of normal prostate tissue.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: In the present study, it was demonstrated for the first time that metformin reduces tissue inflammation and its associated complications in the prostate.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_101909_b2ea62e1b2daf18a0aab799b5a789bc1.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Toxic Effects of Energy Drink Consumption on Cardiac and Renal Function in Female Wistar Rats50751810216510.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005725ENHeba Ali AbdEl‐RahmanDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.Hend ElsayedAmmarDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.Mohamed A.El-DesoukyDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.Demiana H.HannaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.Journal Article20250118<strong>Background</strong>: Energy drinks (EDs) are widely used non-alcoholic beverages across the globe. Because energy drinks contain a lot of caffeine, they stimulate the heart and central nervous system.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: The current study aimed to investigate the possible toxic impacts of the EDs on the heart and kidneys in Wister rats.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Eighteen healthy female albino rats were randomly assigned into three groups (6 rats per group). Low- and high-dose groups received oral ED at 5 and 10 mL/kg body weight/day, respectively, for 4 weeks, while distilled water was given to the control groups. Uric acid, creatinine, urea, creatine kinase, and creatine kinase-MB were measured using the colorimetric method. Moreover, DNA degradation was measured using a comet assay. Inflammatory markers, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Finally, heart and kidney tissues were examined for histopathological alterations.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: There were significant increases in creatine kinase, CK-MB, creatinine, uric acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), and interleukin-6 compared with the control group. In contrast, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) were considerably decreased in both heart and kidney tissues in both ED-treated groups relative to controls. Additionally, there was a considerable increase in DNA damage in both the low- and high-dose groups compared with the control group. Finally, ED induced histopathological changes in kidney and heart tissues, including pyknosis, inflammation, and injury to cardiac muscle fibers.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Cardiac and renal damage were noticeably produced in rats orally exposed to ED. Therefore, we recommend reducing its use and studying its long-term effects.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_102165_799c3d18c6a7be39a9c9795b357226ac.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Histopathological Assessment of Cyclosporine and Methylprednisolone-induced Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Rabbits51952810190810.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005734ENMahyaLalehpoorDepartment of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.SaraShokrpoorDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.FarhangSasaniDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.AghilSharifzadehDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.MajidMasoudifardDepartment of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20250126<strong>Background</strong>: Aspergillus is a saprophytic conidial mold usually found in different environments, like soil, decomposing organic matter, and indoor settings. This genus includes several species causing aspergillosis, a spectrum of diseases with varying clinical presentations. Among these, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is recognized as one of the most severe forms, often leading to rapid lung tissue destruction and high mortality rates, especially in immunocompromised individuals.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study focused on histopathological evaluation of pulmonary aspergillosis in cyclosporine-methylprednisolone-treated immunosuppressed rabbits. The macroscopic and microscopic findings will enhance our understanding of the disease’s destructive effects on lung tissue and contribute to the broader body of knowledge regarding the progression and pathology of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunosuppressed hosts.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: New Zealand white rabbits, treated with cyclosporine A and methylprednisolone to induce a non-neutropenic immunosuppressed condition, were endotracheally infected with Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC13073 conidial suspension. On days seven and thirteen post-inoculation, the rabbits’ lungs were collected, and the prepared hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides were examined under a light microscope.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The infected rabbits exhibited a 100% survival rate. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of lung tissues revealed a progression from acute to subacute and chronic inflammatory responses on days seven and thirteen post-inoculation, respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This study yielded valuable insights that can enhance diagnostic methods for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non-neutropenic immunosuppressed patients. Furthermore, these findings support the use of rabbit models as a reliable and effective system for future research on new antifungal therapies, minimizing the risk of iatrogenic mortality and property loss.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_101908_f0efc13e80d94b255221244ed592af2c.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Hematological Impacts of Gallic Acid, Disulfiram, and Dexamethasone in a Rat Model of Lipopolysaccharide-induced Sepsis52953610310410.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005787ENZahraHojatiDepartment of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.AliRassouliDepartment of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.FarhangSasaniDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.JamilehSalar AmoliDepartment of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.HamidrezaJavadiNanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-3465-3854Journal Article20250428<strong>Background</strong>: Sepsis is a life-threatening inflammatory condition associated with severe hematological disturbances.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study evaluated the protective effects of dexamethasone (DEX), disulfiram (DSF), and gallic acid (GA) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in rats.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Thirty male Wistar rats (180-200 g) were divided into six groups (n=5): a control group; an LPS (10 mg/kg) group receiving a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection; and four pretreatment groups. The pretreatment groups received either DEX (1 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally (i.p), for 2 days), GA (200 mg/kg/day, orally, for 7 days), DSF (50 mg/kg/day, orally, for 3 days), or a combination of GA+DSF (200+50 mg/kg/day, orally, for 7 and 3 days, respectively). Three hours after of the last dose in pretreatment groups, LPS was administered, and blood samples were collected 20 hours post-LPS injection for hematological analysis. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: Administration of LPS caused significant hematological changes, including: leukopenia (mean difference: −4.99×10³/μL, P=0.002), neutrophilia (+6.31×10³/μL, P<0.0001), lymphopenia (−9×10³/μL, P<0.0001), thrombocytopenia (−702.8×10³/μL, P<0.0001), and a highly significant increase in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (N/L) ratio (+10.2, 107 folds, P=0.001). LPS also significantly increased the red blood cell (RBC) count (+0.914×106/μL, P=0.0063), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration (+2.04 g/dL, P=0.0029), and hematocrit (HCT) levels (+9.02%, P=0.0004). DEX significantly ameliorated the LPS-induced leukopenia and thrombocytopenia (P≤0.0001) but exacerbated neutrophilia (P≤0.0001) and the N/L ratio (P≤0.05). DSF reduced the LPS-induced changes in RBC count and Hb and HCT levels (P≤0.001–0.0001) but had minimal effects on thrombocytopenia. GA showed limited influence on the LPS-induced hematological changes but modulated HCT levels (P≤0.01). The DSF-GA combination significantly decreased the LPS-induced changes in Hb and HCT levels and the N/L (P≤0.05). Moreover, DSF and GA, both alone and in combination, demonstrated a significant reduction in RBC count, neutrophils levels, the N/L ratio, and HCT levels (P<0.05-0.0001) compared with DEX. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The DSF+GA combination demonstrated good efficacy in mitigating sepsis-induced hematological disruptions compared to DEX by targeting inflammation through distinct mechanisms, offering a novel therapeutic approach in the management of sepsis.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_103104_ff094932e95b8c5b41cee4c2edc9032a.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Effects of Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Tragacanth Gum Biocomposite Enriched With the Alcoholic Extract of Dunaliella salina Algae on the Shelf Life of Sea Bass Fillet53755210744710.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005858ENAmirhossienEbrahimiDepartment of Food Science and Technology, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-5184-6431ZhalehKhoshkhooDepartment of Food Science and Technology, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.AfshinAkhondzadeh BastiDepartment of Food Science and Technology, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Food Science and Quality Conrtol, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.MarjanehSedaghatiDepartment of Food Science and Technology, NT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20250728<strong>Background</strong>: Food safety has become a global concern due to rising foodborne illnesses, highlighting the need for affordable, eco-friendly methods to detect and prevent spoilage. Smart packaging offers an innovative solution by actively monitoring and preserving food quality.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This research aimed to evaluate the effect of a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) edible film, combined with the gum of the Tragacanth plant and containing 2% and 4% alcoholic extract of Dunaliella salina algae, on the shelf life of sea bass fish fillets.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Initially, hydroalcoholic extracts of algae were prepared, and edible films were subsequently formulated using a composite base of CMC and carrageenan. The films were divided into three treatment groups: control (CMC/tragacanth), CMC/tragacanth with 2% algal extract, and CMC/tragacanth with 4% algal extract. The antioxidant activity, moisture content, turbidity, and thickness of the films were measured. Thereafter, the films were applied as coatings for sea bass fillets. The physicochemical properties of the fish fillets (pH, total volatile base nitrogen [TVB-N], and thiobarbituric acid [TBA]), microbial parameters (mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria, MIC), and organoleptic characteristics were evaluated over a 9-day storage period in comparison with the control samples.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: The edible films containing hydroalcoholic algal extract showed enhanced antioxidant activity, especially at 4% concentration. Incorporation of the extract slightly increased film thickness and turbidity, while moisture content decreased. Fillets coated with the 4% extract film showed the lowest pH increase, TVB-N, and TBA values over the 9-day period. Microbial analysis revealed that mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria were significantly lower in treated samples compared to the controls. Additionally, MIC results confirmed the antimicrobial potency of the extract against Escherichia and Salmonella typhi. Sensory evaluation supported these findings, as treated fillets maintained acceptable texture, odor, and overall appearance, while control samples showed noticeable spoilage signs by day 9. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The edible film containing D. salina extract effectively extended the shelf life of sea bass fillets. This approach may open new horizons in the future of food safety and hygiene.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_107447_84591f3e1c6368b7d36c9ed5cc08a7cc.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii From Cat Conjunctivitis in Baghdad Province, Iraq55356210458210.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005861ENAyat AliHusseinDepartment of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.Sahar M.HayyawiDepartment of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.Journal Article20250729<strong>Background</strong>: Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging opportunistic pathogen implicated in various infections in both animals and humans. Its role in feline ocular infections, particularly conjunctivitis, has not been extensively studied, especially in Iraq.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to isolate and characterize A. baumannii from conjunctival swabs of cats with conjunctivitis in Baghdad Province, Iraq, and to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: From November 2024 to March 2025, conjunctival swabs were collected from clinically infected cats presented to veterinary clinics specializing in pet care. Samples were cultured on HiCrome™ Acinetobacter Agar (M1938) supplemented with MDR selective supplement vials (FD271) for selective and differential isolation. Additional culturing was done on MacConkey and blood agar. Preliminary identification was performed using standard biochemical tests and confirmed using the VITEK 2 system. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested, and molecular confirmation was performed on selected multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 16S rRNA and blaOXA-51-like genes.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Out of 100 conjunctival swab samples, 5(5%) yielded positive results for A. baumannii. Among them, two isolates exhibited higher resistance to commonly used antibiotics and were further confirmed by molecular detection methods.<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This study reports the isolation and characterization of A. baumannii from feline conjunctivitis cases for the first time in Iraq. The findings highlight the presence of MDR strains in companion animals and emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary practice.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_104582_009773cb2e456529578537ddf2003f8c.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Pulmonary Hydatid Infection (Echinococcus granulosus larvae) as a Possible Inducer of Alveolar Adenocarcinoma and Immune Cell Response in Ovine Lung Tissue56357610744610.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005866ENAsraa DawodFarhanDepartment of Biology, College of Sciences, Diyala University, Baqubah, Iraq.Nagham Y.AlbayatiDepartment of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq.Journal Article20250803<strong>Background</strong>: Pulmonary hydatidosis infection, caused by Echinococcus granulosus larvae, is a zoonotic disease that stimulates remarkable histological and immunological alterations in infected host tissues.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study investigated the link between hydatid infection and alveolar adenocarcinoma in sheep lungs, alongside the localized immune response, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and PD-L1 expression. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: A total of 24 hydatid-infected and 10 non-infected ovine lung samples were examined using histopathological (H&E, PAS, Masson’s trichrome) and immunohistological (CD4, CD8, and PD-L1) techniques. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: Results demonstrated that 36% of infected lungs revealed adenocarcinoma, accompanied by notable inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis. Immunohistological tests demonstrated an increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration in infected tissues, with PD-L1 expression significantly higher in adenocarcinoma-associated samples compared to non-infected and hydatid-only lungs. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: These results suggest that chronic hydatid infection may contribute to oncogenic transformation through modulation of immune response, particularly via exhaustion of PD-L1-mediated T-cells. This study also highlights the possible role of E. granulosus in pulmonary carcinogenesis and emphasizes the importance role of immune checkpoint molecules in parasitic and neoplastic evasion mechanisms.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_107446_f9fc77e9f7da182a2d8abc32eec64f33.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Effect of Heat Stress, Zinc, and Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) on the Cortisol and Cytokine-mediated Responses of Laboratory Rats in Kirkuk City, Iraq57758610744510.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005890ENNoor FaisalNoamanDepartment of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq.Ryeam SamiHameedDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq.Damat FikratSaberDepartment of Anatomy and Histology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq.Kasim SakranAbassDepartment of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq.Journal Article20250827<strong>Background</strong>: Both major and minor stressful events can have direct adverse effects on a variety of immunological mechanisms. Experimental data have shown that any improvement in vitamin D3 status can result in a major change in the expression of genes that affect biological disorders linked to vitamin D3 deficiency, such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to measure the effects of heat stress and zinc and vitamin D3 supplementation on serum cortisol, interleuken-6 (IL-6), and interferon-gamma (INF-g) levels in male rats.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Five equal groups of rats (n=10) were assigned to different treatment groups as follows: control, heat stress(exposed to 35 °C for 2 hours/day), zinc (50 mg/kg diet), vitamin D3 (50 μg/kg of diet), and combined intervention (heat stress plus zinc and vitamin D3 supplementation). The treatment regimen lasted for four weeks. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: Statistically significant differences were reported for all comparisons of cortisol levels between the five treatment groups (P≤0.001) except between the control and vitamin D groups and between heat stress and zinc groups (P>0.05). Regarding the Il-6 levels, a statistically significant difference observed between all groups (P≤0.001) except between the control and zinc groups (P>0.05). Finally, statistically significant differences were also noticed regarding the IFN-g levels between all study groups, except in the heat stress and zinc groups compared to the control group (P>0.05). <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Heat stress and zinc and vitamin D3 supplementation can significantly affect the levels of stress-related hormones and the expression of immune response–stimulating cytokines. These findings suggest that physiological and nutritional factors are closely interlinked in modulating immune homeostasis.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_107445_d0d5fae8742342c29134a72abf39f6f7.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Toxicopathological Effects of Brodifacoum in Rats Following Secondary Exposure58760410744410.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005961ENMohammed A MahdiAl-KubaisiDepartment of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.Raghad NAl-SaadiDepartment of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.Siti Nur FMuhsainFaculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Bertam Campus, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.Journal Article20251106<strong>Background</strong>: Brodifacoum is a highly lethal 4-hydroxycoumarin anticoagulant rodenticide that acts as a vitamin K antagonist. Its lipophilic nature enables long-term retention in tissues allowing predators and scavengers to become exposed through contaminated prey. Despite its widespread use its toxicopathological effects remain insufficiently defined.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to investigate the toxicopathological effects of brodifacoum using male rats following secondary exposure through contaminated liver homogenate.<br /><strong>Methods</strong>: Ninety rats were randomly divided into four groups: group G1 received brodifacoum bait for 24 to 48 hours (primary toxicity), group G2 served as an untreated control, group G3 received an untreated liver homogenate from G2 to be used as a secondary control and group G4 received a liver homogenate contaminated with brodifacoum from G1 (secondary toxicity). Hepatic residues were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Gross examination, hemorrhagic scoring, and histopathological examinations were conducted on major organs.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: HPLC analysis confirmed that brodifacoum significantly accumulated in the liver. G4 showed around a fivefold higher residue level (17.87±0.11 µg/g) compared with G1 (3.53±0.49 µg/g). Hepatic CYP450 content showed a 1.8-fold increase in G4 relative to G3 (P<0.0001). Gross and microscopic examinations revealed marked hemorrhagic and degenerative changes, most prominent in the lungs, liver, and kidneys in G4. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The results of the current study support the use of male rats as a model to evaluate the toxicopathological effects of brodifacoum following secondary exposure.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_107444_024950036b69dfca21e0e2f6a6a4a5c0.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Clinical and Diagnostic Study of Equine Hemomycoplasmosis in Basrah, Iraq60561610744310.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005938ENAliJaradDepartment of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.Kamal M.AlsaadDepartment of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.Journal Article20251017<strong>Background</strong>: Equine hemomycoplasmosis, caused by Mycoplasma haemofelis, is an uncultivable parasite that infects the cell wall of erythrocytes and can be transmitted to humans, causing anemia and obvious clinical manifestations in diseased horses, which can end in severe emaciation and death.<br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to elucidate the clinical and diagnostic aspects of equine hemomycoplasmosis. A deeper understanding of the clinical variations observed in this disease is essential for tailoring effective control strategies to specific needs and challenges. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: The study was conducted on 100 horses, aged 2-5 years, of both sexes. Diagnosis of the causative agent was based on cytological examinations (Giemsa-stained blood smears and fluorescent microscopical diagnosis using acridine orange staining). Moreover, the causative agent was confirmed using molecular diagnosis via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). However, hematological, biochemical, and gas analyses were also evaluated. <br /><strong>Results</strong>: The results indicated that the causative organism, a M. haemofelis-like organism, appears coccoid or rod-shaped. It may be observed alone or in a chain, invading the red blood cell (RBC) wall, as seen in Giemsa and acridine dye stains. Additionally, molecular diagnosis was confirmed using qPCR. Hematological analysis results indicated a macrocytic hypochromic anemia with significant differences in clotting factor indices affecting diseased horses. There was also a notable alteration in acid-base balance and anion gap values, reflecting systemic acidemia due to decreased pH in affected horses. Moreover, the biochemical profile of diseased horses showed significant differences compared to healthy controls, with increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, and troponin I. Conversely, levels of total protein, ferritin, and glucose were lower in diseased horses. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: It was concluded that Hemomycoplasma spp. Infection in all domestic animals and horses remains a significant blood parasitic infection, causing severe and harmful pathological effects and resulting in substantial economic losses for infected animals. It can often be fatal. Therefore, to establish sustainable control programs and ultimately achieve eradication, a multifaceted approach is necessary, focusing on strengthening vaccination efforts, vector control, and improving disease surveillance and diagnostics.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_107443_2d649d1e4aaea78915a2763a86345d40.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701Laboratory Evaluation of Commercial Insecticidal Baits Against Oriental Cockroaches (Blatta orientalis L.) From Pig Farms in Bulgaria61762410744910.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005915ENBetinaBoneva-MarutsovaDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.PlamenMarutsovDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.GeorgiZhelevDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.Journal Article20250925<strong>Background</strong>: The oriental cockroach (Blatta orientalis L.) is a common pest in livestock farms, posing a risk as a mechanical vector for pathogens. <br /><strong>Objectives</strong>: This study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal efficacy of four commercially available food baits against B. orientalis collected from seven industrial pig farms in Bulgaria. <br /><strong>Methods</strong>: A no-choice bait feeding test was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. Baits tested included indoxacarb gel, imidacloprid + S-methoprene gel, and two inorganic desiccant-based formulations.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Indoxacarb gel exhibited a rapid knockdown effect, reaching 100% immobilization by 96 h. The imidacloprid + S-methoprene gel induced early knockdown (66.7% by 48 h) and progressive mortality, achieving 96.7% by 168 h. The inorganic desiccant-based baits did not induce pronounced knockdown (<25%) but also resulted in complete mortality by the end of the test (168 h), although with delayed dynamics. <br /><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The results highlight the practical value of insecticidal baits as an effective and safer component of integrated pest management programs in livestock production systems, adaptable to diverse conditions and infestation levels, with product selection depending on cockroach density and the desired speed of action.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_107449_eb61389364ad95e477271b677d9eb92c.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701First Report of Immunohistochemically Confirmed Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) in Iran62563210190210.32598/ijvm.20.3.1005709ENMortezaNikzadDepartment of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.YaserKianfarDepartment of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.SaraShokrpoorDepartment of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.SaeedFarzad-MohajeriDepartment of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.ImanShojaeiDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Mohammad AminSaeediDepartment of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.NiushaJafariradDepartment of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Seyed MostafaPeighambariDepartment of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20241225Sarcomas are malignant neoplasms arising from mesenchymal tissues, including bone, muscle, fat, and connective tissues. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive form that originates from skeletal muscle cells. The present study a case of RMS in a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus). The tumor was characterized by its rapid growth and significant clinical signs, which included the development of a hard mass in the bird’s head region. Radiographic examination revealed a well-defined and dense structure, and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) provided preliminary evidence of a sarcomatous lesion. Surgical removal was performed to alleviate discomfort and confirm the diagnosis through histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. The neoplastic cells exhibited pleomorphism with an orientated, spiral growth pattern and prominent nucleoli. Based on our findings, pleomorphic RMS was confirmed. Fortunately, the bird is still alive two months post-surgery, with no signs of tumor recurrence. Rapid growth and tendency to spread to other parts highlight the aggressive nature of this tumor and the necessity for prompt and accurate diagnosis. Continued research and collaboration in the study of avian tumors are essential for advancing our understanding and improving clinical outcomes for affected birds.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_101902_17afab1cbeb8a88067e6dddbff02f014.pdfUniversity of TehranIranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-889420320260701First Report of Capillaria contorta in the Crop of a Wild Eurasian Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus): A Case Report63363810744810.32598/ijvm.20.3.1006014ENYaserKianfarDepartment of Avian Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMortezaNikzadDepartment of Avian Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMohammadBarariSANA Institute for Avian Health and Diseases, Tehran, IranShaghayeghHosseinpourPoultry Health and Diseases Association (PHDA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.ArtinSheibaniDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, IranSeyed HosseinHosseiniDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJamshidRazmyarDepartment of Avian Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20251226Capillaria contorta is a capillariid nematode of the upper digestive tract of wild and domestic birds, but reports in raptors, particularly the Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), are scarce. On December 2024, an adult male Eurasian sparrowhawk was presented to the Clinic in poor condition, with traumatic rupture of the esophagus and crop sustained during prey consumption. Despite emergency supportive care, the bird died shortly after admission and a complete necropsy was performed. Segments of the digestive tract were collected for parasitological examination. These were processed using standard methods including fixation, graded ethanol dehydration, clearing in lactophenol, and permanent mounting. Examination was performed using stereomicroscopy and light microscopy. A single elongated nematode with a stichosome esophagus was recovered from the crop and identified morphologically as C. contorta based on adult body and spicule measurements and the presence of characteristic lemon-shaped eggs with bipolar plugs. No gross lesions attributable to parasitism were observed in the upper digestive tract. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of C. contorta from the crop of a Eurasian sparrowhawk, and illustrates that capillariid infections in raptors may be subclinical and easily overlooked. Routine parasitological examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract is recommended in necropsy and clinical evaluations of birds of prey to better define the prevalence and clinical relevance of Capillaria infections.https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_107448_d4fce962967781deffe134092807a98b.pdf