BACKGROUND: West Nile virus (WNV) is a vector-borne
agent that is maintained within a bird-mosquito cycle. In humans
and equids, infection by this agent is usually asymptomatic, or
characterized by a mild febrile illness. However, fatal meningoencephalitis
or encephalitis may occur. OBJECTIVES:The aim of
this study was to evaluate the prevalence of WNVinfection and
correlation of this organism with host and environmental
determinants in horses in Khuzestan province. METHODS: In
2011-2012, serum samples of 155 horses were randomly collected
from 7 zones of Khuzestan province and were examined by
ELISAassay. RESULTS: Seroprevalence of WNVinfection was
70.3% (95% CI: 63.1-77.5%). Statistical analysis showed that
age, zone, presence of lake, type of bed, time of sampling, staying
out of the stable after sunset and the method of insect control are
significantly associated with infection (p<0.05) but sex, presence
of river, wall condition, presence of rubbish dump and history of
disease are not significantly associated with infection (p>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study confirm that the
WNV infection exists in Khuzestan province. Considering the
local weather conditions and the facility of vector-borne
transmission, the health authorities should take measures to
prevent and control the infection.