A comparative study on some cardiopulmonary effects, anesthesia quality, and recovery time of isoflurane vs. propofol in domestic pigeons (Columba livia domesticus)

Authors

Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

BACKGROUND: It is commonly acknowledged that the most safe and method of choice anesthesia in birds is inhalation anesthesia but in some clinical situations, such as tracheal resection, injectable anesthetic agents are the only choice of surgeons regardless of whether or not an anesthesia machine is available. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the quality of anesthesia and recovery time of isoflurane and propofol in domestic pigeons. METHODS: Twenty pigeons (Columba livia domesticus), weighing 302.5±37.95g (Mean ± SD) were randomly allocated to two groups of ten. One group was anesthetized by isoflurane (Iso-group), and the anesthesia lasted for 30 minutes. The other group received 14 mg/kg of propofol (1%) at constant rate (CRI) through basilica (wing) vein catheter to induce anesthesia (Pro-group). 1.33 mg/kg per min of propofol was infused to keep pigeons anesthetized for 30 minutes, using an injection pump. Temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and percentage of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2%) were recorded in all three phases including before induction of anesthesia, during anesthesia at minutes 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30, and after recovery time in both groups. RESULTS: Anesthesia caused significant effects on respiratory rate, heart rate, and SpO2% (p≤0.05). Recovery times in both groups were significantly different (longer in propofol group). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed that the pigeons anesthetized with isoflurane have a soft and fast anesthesia; however, the pigeons were anesthetized with propofol, had a rough induction that
was not uniform for all pigeons. Isoflurane showed that it is safer than propofol to anesthetize pigeons.

Keywords

References

Blechman, A.D. (2006) Pigeons: the fascinating
saga of the world’s most revered and
reviled bird. University of Queensland press.
Queensland, Australia.
Durrani, U.F., Arif Khan, M., Saleem Ahmad,
S. (2008) Comparative efficacy (sedative and
anesthetic) of detomidine, ketamine and detomidine-
ketamine cocktail in pigeons (Columba
livia domesticus). Pak Vet J. 28: 115-118.
Fitzgerald, G., Cooper, J.E. (1990) Preliminary
studies on the use of propofol in the domestic
pigeon (Columba livia domesticus). Res Vet
Sci. 49: 334-338.
Goelz, M.F., Hahn, A.W., Kelley, S.T. (1990)
Effects of halothane and isoflurane on mean
arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory
rate in adult Pekin ducks. Am J Vet Res.
51: 458-46016.
Gold, M.I., Abraham, E.C., Herrington, C.
(1987) A controlled investigation of propofol,
thiopentone and methohexitone. Can J Anaesth.
34: 478-483.
Jaensch, S.M., Cullen, L., Raidal, S.R. (1999)
Comparative cardiopulmonary effects of halothane
and isoflurane in Galahs (Eolophus roseicapillus).
J Avian Med Surg. 13: 15-22.
Hawkins, M.G., Wright, B.D., Pascoe, P.J.,
Kass, P.H., Maxwell, L.K., Tell, L.A. (2003)
Pharmacokinetics and anesthetic and cardiopulmonary
effects of propofol in red-tailed
Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) and great horned
owls (Bubo virginianus). Am J Vet Res. 64:
677-683.
Kilic, N., Pasa, S. (2009) Cardiopulmonary
effects of propofol compared with those of a
medetomidine-ketamine combination in the
common vuzzards (Buteo buteo). Revue de
Med Vet. 160: 154-159.
Langan, J.N., Ramsay, E.C., Blackford, J.T.,
Schumacher, J. (2000) Cardiopulmonary and
sedative effects of intramuscular medeto-
midine-ketamine and intravenous propofol
in ostriches (Struthio camelus). J Avian Med
Surg. 14: 2-7.
Langlois, I., Harvey, C.R., Jones, M.P., Schumacher,
J. (2003) Cardiopulmonary and anesthetic
effects of isoflurane and propofol in hispaniolan
amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).
J Avian Med Surg. 17: 4-10.
Lierz, M., Korbel, R. (2012) Anesthesia and
analgesia in birds. J Exotic Pet Med. 21: 44–58.
Lopez Murcia, M.M., Bernal, L.J., Montes,
A.M., Garcia Martinez, J.D., Ayala, I. (2005)
The normal electrocardiogram of the unanaesthetized
competition ‘Spanish pouler’ pigeon
(Columba livia domesticus gutturosa). J Vet
Med Series A. 52: 347–349.
Ludders, J.W., Rode, J., Mitchell, G.S. (1989)
Isoflurane anesthesia in sandhill cranes (Grus
canadensis): minimal anesthetic concentration
and cardiopulmonary dose-response during
spontaneous and controlled breathing. Anesth
Analg. 68: 511-516.
Ludders, J.W., Mitchell, G.S., Rode, J. (1990)
Minimal anesthetic concentration and cardiopulmonary
dose response of isoflurane in
ducks. Vet Surg. 19: 304-307.
Lukasik, V.M., Gentz, E.J, Erb H.N., Ludders,
J.W., Scarlet, J.V. (1997) Cardiopulmonary effects
of propofol anesthesia in chickens (Gallus
gallus domesticus). J Avian Med Surg 11:93-
97.
Machin, K.L., Caulkett, N.A. (1998) Cardiopulmonary
effects of propofol and a medetomidine-
midazolam-ketamine combination in
mallard ducks. Am J Vet Res. 59: 598-602.
Machin, K.L., Caulkett, N.A. (1999) Cardiopulmonary
effects of propofol infusion in canvasback
ducks (Aythya valisineria). J Avian
Med Surg. 13: 167-172.
Machin, K.L., Caulkett, N.A. (2000) Evaluation
of isoflurane and propofol anesthesia for
intraabdominal transmitter placement in nesting
female canvasback ducks. J Wildlife Dis.
36: 324-334.
Mama, K.R., Phillips, L.G.J., Pascoe, P.J. (1996)
Use of propofol for induction and maintenance
of anesthesia in a barn owl (Tyto alba)
undergoing tracheal resection. J Zoo Wildlife
Med. 27: 397-401.
Muller, K., Holzapfel, J., Brunnberg, L. (2011)
Total intravenous anaesthesia by boluses or by
continuous rate infusion of propofol in mute
swans (Cygnus olor). Vet Anaesth Analg. 38:
286-291.
Schmitt, P.M., Gobell, T., Trautvetter, E. (1998)
Evaluation of pulse oximetry as a monitoring
method in avian anesthesia. J Avian Med Surg.
12: 91-99.
Schumacher, J., Citino, S.B., Hernandez, K.,
Hutt, J., Dixon, B. (1997) Cardiopulmonary
and anesthetic effects of propofol in wild turkeys.
Am J Vet Res. 58: 1014-1017.
Smith, I., White, P.F., Nathanson, M., Gouldson,
R. (1994) Propofol. An update on its clinical
use. Anesthesiology. 81: 1005-1043.
Vriends, M.M., Erskine, T. (2005) Pigeons:
Barron’s educational series. 250 wireless Boulevard
Hauppauge, New York, USA.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics