Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, Medicine University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq.
10.32598/ijvm.19.2.1005540
Abstract
Background: Nephrotoxicity is a term used to describe when the renal system suffers from reduced renal function due to both direct and indirect toxin damage caused by exposure to certain drugs. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of eugenol against iron overload (IOL)-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. Methods: Thirty rats were randomly divided into six equal groups: The first group, control negative C-, received intraperitoneal (IP) injection of distilled water. The second group, control positive C+, received iron dextran only at 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) IP. The third and fourth groups (iron+eugenol [IE]1 and IE2) received iron dextran 100 mg/kg BW IP and eugenol 50,100 mg/kg BW orally, respectively. The fifth and sixth groups (E3 and E4) received eugenol only at 50 100 mg/kg BW orally. Results: The results revealed significant improvements in biomarkers and histological characteristics in rats treated with eugenol compared to those in the control group (C+). Rats treated with eugenol exhibited decreased levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), malondialdehyde (MDA), erythropoietin (EPO) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), along with increased concentrations of glutathione (GSH). Microscopic examination of kidney tissue from the control (C-) and eugenol-treated (E3 and E4) groups showed typical histological features, indicating preserved kidney architecture. In contrast, the control group (C+) showed epithelial cell necrosis in the renal tubules and inflammatory processes, particularly in the glomeruli and interstitial sections of the proximal renal tubules. The (IE1 and IE2) groups exhibited varying degrees of renal damage, with IE1 showing moderate epithelial cell necrosis and inflammation, while IE2 displayed relatively normal cortical architecture with mild inflammatory changes in the medulla. Conclusion: Eugenol ameliorated IOL-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats.
M. Malik Al-Mashhadi, A. and Al-Sharafi, N. Mohammed (2025). Protective Effects of Eugenol Against Iron Overload-induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 19(2), 341-356. doi: 10.32598/ijvm.19.2.1005540
MLA
M. Malik Al-Mashhadi, A. , and Al-Sharafi, N. Mohammed. "Protective Effects of Eugenol Against Iron Overload-induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats", Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 19, 2, 2025, 341-356. doi: 10.32598/ijvm.19.2.1005540
HARVARD
M. Malik Al-Mashhadi, A., Al-Sharafi, N. Mohammed (2025). 'Protective Effects of Eugenol Against Iron Overload-induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats', Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 19(2), pp. 341-356. doi: 10.32598/ijvm.19.2.1005540
CHICAGO
A. M. Malik Al-Mashhadi and N. Mohammed Al-Sharafi, "Protective Effects of Eugenol Against Iron Overload-induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats," Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 19 2 (2025): 341-356, doi: 10.32598/ijvm.19.2.1005540
VANCOUVER
M. Malik Al-Mashhadi, A., Al-Sharafi, N. Mohammed Protective Effects of Eugenol Against Iron Overload-induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rats. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2025; 19(2): 341-356. doi: 10.32598/ijvm.19.2.1005540
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