Efficacy of Autologous Mesenchymal Adipose Stem Cells for Dental Hard Tissue Formation in Direct Pulp Capping: An In-Vivo Animal Study

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

1 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

3 Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

4 Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

5 Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran..

Abstract

Background:Direct pulp capping(DPC) is a procedure in which the exposed pulp of the tooth is protected with a suitable material.Currently, fat tissue(Adipose stem cells) is known as a source of mesenchymal/stromal stem cells.
 Objectives: The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of cell therapy in direct pulp capping with fat-derived stem cells besides a collagen/hydroxyapatite hybrid scaffold in the amount of dental hard tissue formation.
Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells were extracted from dogs.Then,DPC was performed in classV cavities prepared on premolars of the same dogs in three groups using mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA), ASCs plus hydroxyapatite/collagen hybrid scaffold and hybrid scaffold alone. After 12 weeks, the dogs were sacrificed and the teeth were fixed in formalin. Fixed decalcified specimens were stained and evaluated histopathologically to determine the presence of calcified bridge formation, the characterization of its structure, quantify its thickness and asses the pulp vitality.
Results:According to the results of the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test; significant differences were noted among the three groups in terms of vitality, thickness of dentinal bridge,continuity of bridge, type of bridge and periapical lesion.ASC plus scaffold group showed similar thickness of dentinal bridge to that in use of scaffold alone.The performance of MTA in this regard was superior compared to the other two groups.
Conclusions:In the present study, despite the formation of a calcified barrier following the pulp cap with adipose stem cells, which indicates the potential of forming hard tissue by this cell line, this amount is not clinically sufficient.

Keywords

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 12 March 2025

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