Background: Bisphenol A is a widely used industrial chemical which the consedar as environmental pollutants and has adversely affects on male reproductive sytem. The exposure to bisphenol A lead to disrupts hormonal regulation, impairs sperm quality, and increases sperm DNA fragmentation. Recently study showed that Azadirachta indica (Neem) possesses bioactive compounds for antioxidant effects, potentially providing protection against reproductive damage induced by toxicants like BPA.
Objectives: This present study aimed to evaloutionthe prodective role of Neem extract administration aginst the counteract the detrimental effects of BPA exposure on sperm characteristics, hormonal balance, and sperm chromatin integrity in male rats.
Methods: Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six experimental groups each group 10 animals included control Bisphenol A (BPA) treated 50 mg/kg B.W at once per day, two groups receiving Bisphenol A 50 mg/kg B.W at once per day plus Neem extract (at 200 or 400 mg/kg), and two Neem-only groups (200 amd 400 mg/kg). The treatments of Neem were administered twice weekly over 60 days. Following treatment, assessments included sperm parameters motility, viability and morphology, sperm DNA fragmentation and hormone levels (FSH, LH and Testosterone).
Results: Rats exposed only to Bisphenol A showed significantly decreased in sperm parameters, increased in DNA fragmentation rates (27.03 ± SE%), and hormonal disturbances since reduced testosterone and elevated LH and FSH. Neem co-treatment substantially ameliorated these negative effects, particularly at the higher dosage of 400 mg/kg, restoring sperm parameters and DNA fragmentation levels (5.27 ± SE%) close to control values. Neem administration alone demonstrated no harmful effects and maintained reproductive parameters similar to controlling animals.
Conclusions: The present study provide the Bisphenol and Azadirachta indica affect male reproductive function which Neem extract administration significantly mitigates BPA-related reproductive toxicity, supporting sperm quality, hormonal balance, and sperm chromatin stability. Thus, Neem offers a valuable natural protective strategy against reproductive toxicants.