Production of ACE Inhibitory and Antioxidant Peptides in Milk Using Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) Protease Extract

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Iran

2 Department of Health Food Education, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Iran

10.22059/ijvm.2026.411181.1006056

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In recent years, due to the side effects of synthetic blood pressure-lowering drugs and synthetic antioxidants, many studies have been conducted on their natural substitutes. Milk proteins contain peptide components called bioactive peptides that can play a significant role in inhibiting oxidation and lowering blood pressure. OBJECTIVES: In this study, milk was hydrolyzed using a broccoli protease extract to produce bioactive peptides with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE-I) and antioxidant effects. METHODS: Broccoli protease extract was added to defatted milk at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 U per 100 mL and the degree of hydrolysis was determined using the OPA method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH radical scavenging assay, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE I) activity was determined using the HHL substrate method. Physicochemical and sensory properties of milk were also assessed. RESULTS: The results showed that treatment of milk with broccoli protease extract significantly increased the degree of hydrolysis and led to the formation of bioactive peptides with antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities. The highest ACE inhibitory activity (35%) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (78%) were observed in the milk treated with 2 U enzyme. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that broccoli-derived protease may serve as a promising natural enzyme for the production of bioactive peptides in dairy systems.

Keywords

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 17 June 2026

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