Background: Sperm motility is one of the most important indicators of semen quality, and Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) enables a more detailed evaluation of sperm kinematics than conventional motility assessment.
Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the kinematic profiles of Bali bull fresh semen. Methods: A total of 24 ejaculates were collected from eight Bali bulls aged 4-12 years using an artificial vagina. Sperm kinematics were assessed using a mobile CASA system by observing twelve kinematic variables.
Results: The results indicated that velocity curved line (VCL), velocity average path (VAP), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), and head activity (HAC) of fresh semen were significantly different (p<0.05) among the Bali bulls. Principal component analysis (PCA) reduced the twelve sperm kinematics variables into two principal components, explaining 84.84% of the total data variation. The first component represented motility capacity, and the second, movement efficiency. Hierarchical clustering consistently separated the bulls into distinct kinematic groups, identifying Budaparta, Bharata, and Yudistira as bulls with superior sperm kinematic profiles.
Conclusion: These findings provide a comprehensive characterization of the sperm kinematic profile of fresh Bali bull semen and suggest that sperm kinematic analysis may serve as complementary information for semen quality evaluation.