Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine

EndoMac Progenitor Cells: Morphology, Biological Characteristics, and Therapeutic Potential – A Review

Articles in Press

Document Type : Review article

Authors
Ali Ahmed Hasan
Omar Younis Altaey
Thekra Fadel Saleh
Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
10.22059/ijvm.2026.420808.1006211
Abstract
Abstract
This mini-review article summarizes the present knowledge about Endothelial-Macrophage (EndoMac) progenitor cells, the newly discovered bipotent cells, and their correlation with chronic injury healing and regenerative medicine. To address this topic, scientific papers were collected from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, explaining the embryonic origin of EndoMac cells and their remarkable capacity to differentiate into both endothelial cells and macrophages, their characterization, mechanisms of action in tissue repair, and promising preclinical findings. The review also elucidates the bipotency phenotyping, the therapeutic potential, and their differences from endothelial progenitor cells. To date, the studies on this cell type remain limited and methodologically heterogeneous, and there is a clear gap regarding their characterization in animal and human tissues and the molecular mechanisms supporting their bipotent function. Future research should focus on isolation and expansion techniques, and integration with advanced bioengineering approaches will enable the optimization of the regenerative potential of EndoMac cells to redefine tissue repair and functional restoration.
Keywords
Bipotent cells
EndoMac progenitors
Macrophages
Regenerative medicine
Tissue repair
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 04 November 2026