Study on serum glucose, insulin, NEFA, BHBA and lipid profile in different productive status of high producing Holstein dairy cows

Document Type : Nutrition - Hygiene

Authors

Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Background: Metabolic profiles have been used in efforts to predict pre parturient problems and fertility, to diagnose metabolic diseases, and to assess nutritional status in dairy cows. These profiles may help to confirm the diagnosis of sub clinical diseases, to be aware of possible causes of infertility in the herds, or to monitor improvement in herd animals. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated changes in the metabolic profile of high producing Holstein dairy cows from early lactation to close-up dry periods. The results of the current research can provide useful guidelines for management strategies during different physiological phases of high producing Holstein dairy cows. METHODS: Twenty-five multiparous high producing Holstein dairy cows were selected from a high producing industrial dairy farm. Cattle were divided into 5 equal groups of early, mid and late lactation and far-off and close-up dry cows. Blood samples were collected from all cows and sera were separated to evaluate glucose, insulin, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high, low and very low density lipoproteins (HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol). RESULTS: The highest levels of insulin were detected in mid lactation and close-up dry periods. The changing patterns of BHBA and NEFA were significant and the highest levels of these biomarkers were detected in the early lactation group. The decreasing pattern of BHBA and NEFA were seen from early lactation to far-off dry cows. Significant elevations were seen in these biomarkers from far-off to close-up dry cows. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study show that metabolic biomarkers change in high producing Holstein dairy cows, under different physiological states. These changes are induced commonly by negative energy balance, lactogenesis and fetal growth in each state.

Keywords

References

Abell, L.L., Levy, B.B., Brodie, B.B., Kendall, F.E. (1952) A simplified method for the estimation of total cholesterol in serum and determination of its specificity. J Biol Chem. 195: 357-366.
Bell, A., Burhans, W.S., Overton, T.R. (2000) Protein nutrition in late pregnancy, maternal protein reserves and lactation performance in dairy cows. Proc Nutr Soc. 59: 119-126.
Bell, A.W. (1995) Regulation of organic nutrient metabolism during transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. J Anim Sci. 73: 2804-2819.
Bickerstaffe, R., Annison, E.F., Linzell, J.L. (1974) The metabolism of glucose, acetate, lipids and amino acids in lactating dairy cows. J Agric Sci. 82: 71-85.
Bossaert, P., Leroy, J.L., De Campeneere, S., De Vliegher, S., Opsomer, G. (2009) Differences in the glucose induced insulin response and the peripheral insulin responsiveness between neonatal calves of the Belgian Blue, Holstein-Friesian, and East Flemish breeds. J Dairy Sci. 92: 4404-4011.
Burtis, C.A., Ashwood, E.R. (1994) Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. (2nd ed.) W.B. Saunders Co, Philadelphia, USA.
Debras, E., orizard, J., Aina, E., Tesseraud, S., Qlampredon, C., Amal, M. (1989) Insulin sensitivity and responsiveness during lactation and dry period in goats. Am J Physiol. 256: E295-302.
De Koster, J.D., Opsomer, G. (2013) Insulin resistance in dairy cows. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 29: 299-322.
Douglas, G.N., Overton, T.R., Bateman, H.G., Drackley, J.K. (2004) Peripartal metabolism and production of Holstein cows fed diets supplemented with fat during the dry period. J Dairy Sci. 87: 4210-4220.
Emery, R.S., Liesman, J.S., Herdt, T.H. (1992) Metabolism of long chain fatty acids by ruminant liver. J Nutr. 122: 832-837.
Faulkner, A., Pollock, H.T. (1990) Metabolic responses to euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia in lactating and non-lactating sheep in vivo. J Endocrinol. 124: 59-66.
Fiore, E., Gianesella, M., Arfuso, F., Giudice, E., Piccione, G., Lora, M., Stefani, A., Morgante, M. (2014) Glucose infusion response on some metabolic parameters in dairy cows during transition period. Arch Tierz. 57: 1-9.
Friedewald, W.T., Levy, R.I., Fredrickson, D.S. (1972) Estimation of the concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol without the use of the preparative ultra centrifuge. Clin Chem. 18: 499-502.
Ghanem, M.M., Mahmoud, M.E., Abd El-Raof, Y.M., El-Attar, H.M. (2012) Metabolic profile test for monitoring the clinical, haematological and biochemical alterations in cattle during peri-parturient period. Banha Vet Med J. 23: 13-23.
Graulet, B., Gruffat, D., Durand, D., Bauchart, D. (1998) Fatty acid metabolism and very low density lipoprotein secretion in liver slices from rats and preruminant calves. J Biochem. 124: 1212-1219.
Grum, D.E., Drackley, J.K., Younker, R.S., LaCount, D.W., Veenhuizen, J.J. (1996) Nutrition during the dry period and hepatic lipid metabolism of periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 79: 1850-1864.
Grummer, R.R., Mashek, D.G., Hayirli, A. (2004) Dry matter intake and energy balance in the transition period. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 20: 447-470.
Hawagane, S.D., Shinde, S.B., Rajguru, D.N. (2009) Haematological and blood biochemical profile in lactating buffaloes in and around Parbhani city. Vet World. 2: 467-469.
Herdt, T.H. (2000) Variability characteristics and test selection in herd-level nutritional metabolic profile testing. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 16: 387-403.
Kahn, C.R. (1978) Insulin resistance, insulin insensitivity, and insulin unresponsiveness: a necessary distinction. Metabolism. 12: 1893-1902.
Krajnicakova, M., Kovac, G., Kostecky, M., Valocky, I., Maracek, I., Sutiakova, I., Lenhardt, L. (2003) Selected clinic-biochemical parameters in the puerperal period of goats. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 47: 177-182.
Lewis, G.F., Carpentier, A., Adeli, K., Giacca, A. (2002) Disordered fat storage and mobilization in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Endocr Rev. 23: 201-229.
McGowan, M.W., Artiss, J.D., Strandbergh, D.R., Zak, B. (1983) A peroxidase coupled method for the colorimetric determination of serum triglycerides. Clin Chem. 29: 538-542.
McNamara, J.P. (1991) Regulation of adipose tissue metabolism in support of lactation. J Dairy Sci. 74: 706-719.
Piccione, G., Messina, V., Marafioti, S., Casella, S., Giannetto, C., Fazio, F. (2012) Changes of some haematochemical parameters in dairy cows during late gestation, post partum, lactation and dry periods. Vet Med Zoot. 58: 59-64.
Pires, J.A.A., Souza, A.H., Grummer, R.R. (2007) Induction of hyperlipidemia by intravenous infusion of tallow emulsion causes insulin resistance in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 90: 2735-2744.
Pullen, D.L., Palmquist, D.L., Emery, R.S. (1989) Effect on days of lactation and methionine hydroxy analog on incorporation of plasma fatty acids into plasma triglycerides. J Dairy Sci. 72: 49-58.
Roche, J. R., Frggens, N.C., Kay, J.K., Fisher, M.W., Stafford, K.J., Berry, D.P. (2009) Invited review: Body condition score and its association with dairy cow productivity, health and welfare. J Dairy Sci. 92: 5769-5801.
Rukkwamsuk, T., Wensing, T., Geelen, M.J. (1999) Effect of overfeeding during the dry period on the rate of esterification in adipose tissue of dairy cows during the periparturient period. J Dairy Sci. 82: 1164-1169.
Sartin, J.L., Cummins, K.A., Kemppainen, R.J., Marple, D.N., Rahe, C.H., Williams, I.C. (1985) Glucagon, insulin, and growth hormone responses to glucose infusion in lactating dairy cows. Am J Physiol. 248: E108-114.
Sartin, J.L., Kemppaben, R.J., Cllmminn, K.A., Williams, J.C. (1988) Plasma concentrations of metabolic hormones in high and low producing dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 71: 650-657.
Tanaka, M., Kamiya, Y., Suzuki, T., Nakai, Y. (2011) Changes in oxidative status in periparturient dairy cows in hot conditions. Anim Sci J. 82: 320-324.
Tanritanir, P., Dede, S., Ceylan, E. (2009) Changes in some macro minerals and biochemical parameters in female healthy siirt hair goats before and after parturition. J Anim Vet Adv. 8: 530-533.
Wathes, D.C., Cheng, Z., Chowdhury, W., Fenwick, M.A., Fitzpatrick, R., Morris, D.G., Patton, J., Murphy, J.J. (2009) Negative energy balance alters global gene expression and immune responses in the uterus of postpartum dairy cows. Physiol Genomics. 39: 1-13.
Wilson, S., MacRae, J.C., Buttay, P.J. (1983) Glucose production and utilization in non-pregnant, pregnant and lactating ewes. Br J Nutr. 50: 303-316.
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
Volume 9, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
October 2015
Pages 171-178

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics