Blissitt, K., Patteson, M. (1996) Evaluation of
cardiac murmurs in horses. 2. Echocardiography.
In Pract. 18: 416-426.
Boon, J.A. (2011) Veterinary Echocardiography.
Wiely- Blackwell, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Imhasly, A., Tschudi, P.R., Lombard, C.W.,
Gerber, V. (2010) Clinical and echocardiographic
features of mild mitral valve regurgitation
in 108 horses. Vet J. 183: 166-171.
Kriz, N.G., Hodgson, D.R., Rose, R.J. (2000)
prevalence and clinical importance of heart
murmurs in racehorses. JAVMA. 216: 1441-
1445.
Lightfoot, G., Jose-Cunilleras, E., Rogers, K.,
Newton, J.R., Young, L.E. (2006) An echocardiographic
and auscultation study of right
heart responses to training in young national
hunt thoroughbred horses. Equine Vet J Suppl.
36: 153-158.
Marr Celia, M., Bowen, M. (2010) Cardiology
of the Horse, Saunders Elsevier. London, UK.
Patteson, M.W., Cripps, P.J. (1993) A survey of
cardiac auscultatory findings in horses. Equine
Vet J. 25: 409-415.
Reef, V.B. (1995) Heart murmurs in horses:
determining their significance with echocardiography.
Equine Vet J Suppl. 19: 71-80.
Rezakhani, A., Blissitt, K.J. (2003) The role of
echocardiography in the diagnosis of heart
diseases in the horse. Iran J Vet Res. 4: 114-
122.
Richard, E.A., Fortier, G.D., Pitel, P.H., Dupuis,
M.C., Valette, J.P., Art, T., Denoix, J.M.,
Lekeux, P.M., Erck, E.V. (2010) Sub-clinical
diseases affecting performance in standardbred
trotters: diagnostic methods and predictive
parameters. Vet J. 184: 282-289.
Young, L.E. (1999) Cardiac responses to training
in 2-year-old thoroughbreds: an echocardiographic
study. Equine Vet J Suppl. 30: 195-
198.
Young, L.E., Rogers, K., Wood, J.L.N. (2008)
Heart murmurs and valvular regurgitation in
thoroughbred racehorses: epidemiology and
associations with athletic performance. J Vet
Intern Med. 22: 418-426.
Young, L.E., Wood, J.L.N. (2000) Effect of age
and training on murmurs of atrioventricular
valvular regurgitation in young thoroughbreds.
Equine Vet J. 32: 195-199.
Zoghbi, W.A., Enriquez-Sarano,M., Foster, E.,
Grayburn, P.A., Nihoyannopoulos, P., Otto,
C.M., Quinones, M.A., Rakowski, H., Stewart,
W.J., Waggoner, A. (2003) Recommendations
for evaluation of the severity of native valvular
regurgitation with two-dimensional and
doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr.
16: 777-802.
Zucca, E., Ferrucci, F., Stancari, G., Saporiti,
T., Ferro, E. (2010) The prevalence of cardiac
murmurs among standardbred racehorses
presented with poor performance. J Vet Med
Science. 72: 781-785.
)